Recherche par propriété

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Liste de résultats

Functioning, maintenance and regeneration of lead-acid batteries + ('''Equipment''': Choose your battery caref … '''Equipment''': Choose your battery carefully according to the intended use.
Never mix new and used batteries.
Never mix batteries of different technologies.
Correctly and solidly install the wiring of your battery bank to avoid fires.
Regularly check the connectors if they are subject to vibrations.
*'''Detection and Prevention of Deep Discharge''': Battery life is directly related to DoD or depth of discharge. It is, therefore, very important to prevent any discharge over 50% !'''
**How to know the level of charge (SoC)? ***Simply measuring the voltage does not suffice as several factors affect the battery voltage. ***A [https://www.victronenergy.fr/battery-monitors battery monitor] must be used. It calculates not only the voltage but also the charge and discharge currents, which allows the state of charge to be calculated in real time. **How to avoid deep discharges? ***The idea is to control the level of charge (SoC) and to disconnect the consumption loads as soon as they fall below a certain level. ***Use a battery protector/[https://www.victronenergy.fr/battery_protect/battery-protect Battery Protect] or a configurable solar charge regulator, for direct current (DC) equipment. ***Use the dry contact relay (voltage-free relay) of your battery monitor if it is equipped with one. ***Set the low battery voltage threshold on your inverter for alternating current (AC) equipment (read the instructions carefully). *'''Pay attention to the temperature: ''': This factor has a very important influence on the life of the batteries. It is very important to keep the batteries at “cool” temperatures, around 20°C. **Technical roome : Always choose the coolest room or location. Never leave batteries exposed to direct sunlight. If the place is still too hot, one should consider cooling ventilation of the room or the battery container. **Aeration and ventilation : Always keep space between the batteries (about 5 cm), do not put them against each other. If the batteries are inside a battery box or in a cabinet, there must be air circulation. **Temperature compensation: When the temperature exceeds 30°C or is lower than 10°C for a long time, it is necessary to change the charging voltage.
Battery not in use – Self-discharge: When a battery is not in use, it slowly discharges. This phenomenon depends on the type of battery and the temperature. o An unused open battery must be recharged every four months at room temperature (between 10-25°C). o An unused open battery must be kept permanently charged in temperatures below 0°C. o Sealed batteries can be left for up to 6 to 8 months without recharging at ambient temperature. o When a system containing batteries (RV, car, etc.) is not used for a long period, disconnect the batteries to avoid leakage currents.
*'''Correct charging voltages''': Never recharge the batteries with a voltage higher than that recommended in the manufacturer's data sheet. Use a charger with at least 3 charge stages (Bulk, Absorption, Float).
*'''Correct charge/discharge current''': '''It is recommended '''never to charge or recharge''' lead batteries at '''more than 0.2C''', i.e. 20% of the capacity of the battery bank (ex: 20A for a battery bank of 100Ah).

When sizing a photovoltaic installation, make sure that the maximum output current is less than 20% of the battery capacity. Let: Imax (A) = Pmax (W) / Ubat (V) < 0.2C

ing a photovoltaic installation, make sure that the maximum output current is less than 20% of the battery capacity. Let: Imax (A) = Pmax (W) / Ubat (V) < 0.2C</div> </div> <br/> <br/> <br/>)
Aliments fermentés - alternatives aux protéines animales + (Il n'est pas nécessaire de travailler dans … Il n'est pas nécessaire de travailler dans un champ stérile lorsqu'il s'agit de fermentation mais il est crucial d'être le plus propre possible. Travaillez sur un plan de travail nettoyé (si besoin/possible aseptisé au vinaigre blanc ou à l'alcool). Utilisez des ustensiles et récipients propres, lavés à l'eau chaude (ou passés au lave-vaisselle), manipulez avec des mains propres et essuyez-les avec un torchon PROPRE... bien entendu.es avec un torchon PROPRE... bien entendu.)
Boissons fermentées - Kéfir, kombucha et vinaigres + (Il n'est pas nécessaire de travailler dans … Il n'est pas nécessaire de travailler dans un champ stérile lorsqu'il s'agit de fermentation mais il est crucial d'être le plus propre possible. Travaillez sur un plan de travail nettoyé (si besoin/possible aseptisé au vinaigre blanc ou à l'alcool). Utilisez des ustensiles et récipients propres, lavés à l'eau chaude (ou passés au lave-vaisselle), manipulez avec des mains propres et essuyez-les avec un torchon PROPRE... bien entendu.es avec un torchon PROPRE... bien entendu.)
Monter l'exposition - En quête d'un numérique Low-tech + (L'exposition numérique se compose de * 7 … L'exposition numérique se compose de * 7 Pieds en bétons * 9 Poteaux en bois * Une cantine numérique noire qui contient le reste des éléments de l’exposition Voir inventaire détaillé Les éléments suivants se rangent dans la cantine noire : Les éléments numériques vont dans le carton. La quincaillerie dans la cagette. Les planches sont empilées les unes sur les autres. Les tiges filetées des tables sont enroulées ensemble dans un bout de plastique. Les tiges filetées des panneaux sont enroulées ensemble dans un bout de plastique. Les panneaux en tissu sont empilés dans l’ordre de lecture, enroulés autour du tube en carton puis placés dans la bâche qui les protègent.

Prévoir d’être plusieurs pour charger et décharger l’exposition, la cantine est très lourde.

ATTENTION à ne pas créer de plis qui marqueraient les panneaux et risqueraient d’altérer la lecture.

ext">ATTENTION à ne pas créer de plis qui marqueraient les panneaux et risqueraient d’altérer la lecture.</div> </div><br/>)
Made-to-measure mosquito net + (First of all, you need to '''measure the s … First of all, you need to '''measure the size of your window'''. You need to measure the '''empty space''', i.e. the '''smallest opening''', where you can put your hand. To do this, use a tape measure to measure the '''height/length''' and '''width''' of the window, as shown in the diagram.

Measuring your window is the essential step in the tutorial, without it you won't be able to make a mosquito net

the tutorial, without it you won't be able to make a mosquito net</div> </div><br/>)
Offgrid photovoltaic installation sizing + (Firstly we need to estimate your electric … Firstly we need to estimate your electric consumption To do that, we need to take into account the correct temporal scales: mean consumption on the one hand, but also daily variations (consumtion variations according to day time) and seasonal variations (consumption in winter and in summer for example). This exercise is not only interesting for sizing adequately the production, but also to think how to reduce your consumption. For example, it is absurd to heat up with electric heater if your main source of energy is photovoltaic. Another example is the water heater that consumes consequent quantities of energy which are relatively linear to the number of hot showers you take and that can question the relevant source of energy to heat up your water or the number of showers adequate for a non fossil production (we can usefully wonder how to switch to a thermic solar source of energy and /or heat up with wood or biogaz) NB: for a shower of 10min at 40°C, you approximately need 3kWh, so approximately the biomethane generated daily by 100 hen's poo (order of magnitude) To measure your consumption, you can use your electric meter. Thus, you can measure your daily consumption but alos the horary consumption of every electrical device (the simpler is to remove the electric fuse of all devices you dont want to measure) of all devices you dont want to measure))
Water tank + (Firstly, you need to cut the pallets so th … Firstly, you need to cut the pallets so that only the right size pieces remain. We decided to keep the same length and width of 3 slats, as on the 1st We decided to cut out 3 pallets like these, and fix the last side with their offcuts, as shown in the last photo.their offcuts, as shown in the last photo.)
Haybox or fireless cooker made of a wool blanket + ( * Fold the blanket into thirds and check … * Fold the blanket into thirds and check that this is enough to enclose your stewpot. * Cut the blanket into three squares of equal size * With the rest, cut two squares the width of the stewpot * Sew these two small pieces in top of each other at the centre of one of the larger squares to make a double base for the stewpot * Overlay the three large squares on top of each other * Sew them together by hand around the edges Sew them together by hand around the edges )
Machine à laver à pédales + (En fonction des points de fixation que vou … En fonction des points de fixation que vous avez sur votre tambour. Dans notre cas nous avons pu fixer une pièce métalique qui a fait office de pied (récupérée sur la machine d'origine). Il manquait d'un côté des points de fixation. J'ai donc mis une pièce en bois vissée directement dans le plastic.n bois vissée directement dans le plastic.)
Fermented drinks - Homemade sodas + (For 1 l of ginger ale : *1 l of non chlor … For 1 l of ginger ale : *1 l of non chlorinated water *50 gr of sugar *50 gr of fresh peeled and thinly chopped ginger *5 cl of lemon juice *5 cl of ginger bug (filtered liquid only) This dosage of ginger is indicative and results in a slightly spicy beverage. The lemon juice only adds flavour and takes no part in the fermentation process. #Fill a pot with water, ginger and lemon juice and sugar. Bring to boil until the sugar is dissolved. #Remove from heat and decant in a 1.5 l jar. Let cool at room temperature. #Add the ginger bug (don't forget to put back as much water as you took in the ginger bug, with a pinch of sugar). #Close hermetically and let ferment for 2-5 depending on the room temperature. #Filter and put in a bottle (a glass bottle with joint and metal lid or a plastic soda bottle). #Use within 2-3 days if kept at room temperature or under 2 weeks if kept in the fridge.re or under 2 weeks if kept in the fridge.)
Solar desalinator + (For this model, the chosen floor area is 1 … For this model, the chosen floor area is 110 cm horizontal by 66 cm vertical. The wooden battens used have a section of 44 mm by 22 mm. The thickness of the frame is 44 mm. The frame is assembled with screws. At about 10 centimeters from the bottom of the frame, a cleat is added, as can be seen in the picture. It makes it possible to stiffen the frame, to stretch the sheet and to separate the freshwater and seawater parts (no risk of salt contamination).ter parts (no risk of salt contamination).)
Closed-loop hydroelectric generator + (For this step, we started by taking a bicy … For this step, we started by taking a bicycle wheel and removing the tyre from it. The spokes are screwed to the wheel and we had the option of unscrewing them to insert metal spoons that we had previously drilled with a drill press, and then screwing them back in. We bent them so that we didn't have to cut off their tails. For the base, we took a plank of wood, cut it and screwed it together as shown in the photo.screwed it together as shown in the photo.)
Plastic pyrolyzer + (For this test, plastic waste is mostly polypropylene.)
Thermal curtain - prototype 1 + (from outside to inside: *Overlay 4 layers … from outside to inside: *Overlay 4 layers of the blue part of the mask. *Overlay 4 layers of the part in the middle of the mask (white-poplypropylene part). *Add a layer of the extended chip package (reflective layer). *Glue the rough part of the sponge previously cut into pieces. *Glue pieces of card on the lines where the seam will be made. *Mettre l'autre couche de l'aluminium (pour réfléchir la chaleur qui est à l'intérieur). *Superposer 2 couches du tissu de polypropylène.
couches du tissu de polypropylène. <br/>)
Bio-sand filter for drinking water + ( * Grind slightly the inside of the PVC pl … * Grind slightly the inside of the PVC plug (using sandpaper) and the outside of one end of the PVC pipe. Stick them together using PVC glue. * Drill a hole of the bends diameter in the flexible pipe, 75cm from the bottom of the PVC. Connection between pipe and bend will have to be perfectly sealed. * Drill many holes in the cover (it has to be a plastic cap). '''Remark''' : It it recommended that the cover is perfectly adapted to the tube and that is can also be used as "sieve", so that added water would fall slowly on the sand without disturbing the biological layer. nd without disturbing the biological layer. )
Simple wooden bike trolley - hand tools only - back wheel attachment + (Here, we collect materials before adapting … Here, we collect materials before adapting the plan to what we find. At the local charity store, I found a bunch of single bed slates and a wooden board - 9€ I talked with someone who fixes second-hand bikes and sold me 2 kid front wheels - 5€ For hardware, we used whatever we had at home and headed to the hardware store to complete our set - spent around 13€ore to complete our set - spent around 13€)
Habitation légère, 35m² + ( * Installer une vis de fondation krinner … * Installer une vis de fondation krinner à chaque angle du dodécagone formé par la plateforme, ainsi que 3 pour le plateau central. Une machine spéciale est utilisée pour le vissage. Un pré-trou avec une mèche de 40mm*1200mm est nécessaire pour guider les vis. * Surmonter ces vis de jambes métalliques afin de rectifier la pente du terrain. * D'autres types de fondations sont envisageables, tel pneus rempli de gravier, etc. pour diminuer le coût de ce poste. L'habitat étant très léger, il s'adapte sur presque tous les terrains. Seule priorité: que le bois soit hors d'eau, bien sûr. ité: que le bois soit hors d'eau, bien sûr. )
Pasteurisation de fruits et légumes + ( * Se laver soigneusement les mains ainsi … * Se laver soigneusement les mains ainsi que les bocaux et leur couvercle * Placer une casserole avec un fond d'eau sur le feu jusqu'à mijotage * Rouler le bocal dans l'eau chaude puis le positionner debout dans la casserole toujours sur petit feu Remarque: La mise du bocal dans l'eau chaude permet de chauffer le verre pour assurer que tout le contenu reste à 80°C durant le remplissage contenu reste à 80°C durant le remplissage )
Cuisinière améliorée - Modèle Patsari + (Les dimensions peuvent éventuellement être adaptées.)
Bait for Melipona bees + (To make a big amount of mixture • Mix 100ml of 90° alcohol and 300g of Bee propolis in the first bottle. • Leave to macerate in the shade for 7 days.)
Desert fridge - light version + (Making (or finding) a cylindrical bag allowing the introduction of the container surrounded by 5 centimetres of sand under it and around it. Providing a slide and enough fabric height to be able to close the bag around the container.)
Le Tuto des Tutos + ('''1 - Matériel''' Une caméra ou un appar … '''1 - Matériel''' Une caméra ou un appareil photo HD, un micro, des cartes SD, des batteries et un trépied. Au préalable vérifier l’état de votre matériel : carte mémoire libre, batterie chargée… '''2 - Lieu du tournage''' Choisir son lieu d’action afin d’avoir une bonne qualité sonore et lumineuse : - À l’intérieur, faire attention au manque de luminosité et aux lumières artificielles qui joueront sur la qualité de la vidéo. Penser également aux frigidaires, ou aux horloges qui peuvent créer des bruits de fond. Ces derniers s’avèreront fatiguant pour le spectateur lors du visionnage de la vidéo. - À l’extérieur, faire attention aux contres jours, et au manque de luminosité. Quant au son, le vent est fatal, protéger le micro de son exposition ! ''Dans les deux cas :'' -Faire attention à ce qu’il n’y ait pas un puits de lumière trop important dans le champ de vision. -Eviter les espaces trop grands, l’arrière plan doit être d’assez courte distance. -Filmer de jour est hautement conseillé, de nuit cela ajoute du grain à l’image. '''3 - Placement de la caméra''' Afin d’appréhender où placer la caméra, demander à l’acteur ce qu’il va faire précisément à chaque étape. On peut ainsi déterminer où placer la caméra sans être gêné par ses mains. Sur le plan de travail seul le matériel essentiel au déroulé de l’étape filmée doit être présent, cela permet d’éviter la pollution visuelle. '''4 - Plans & cadrages''' ''Décortiquer les étapes'' : Filmer un plan par étape dans la mesure du possible. - Varier les plans serrés et les plans larges pour aérer la vidéo. - Pour les plans explicatifs (explication d’une étape, du contexte) préférer les plans larges. - Pour les plans actifs (on filme l’action) préférer les plans serrés. - Il est fortement conseillé d’effectuer deux cadrages par action. - Les cadrages de la tête au pied sont déconseillés, préférer les cadrages moyens ou serrés. - Lorsqu’une personne parle, ne pas lui « couper la tête » au cadrage, laisser un espace au dessus d’elle. - Éviter de placer la personne en plein centre de l’image. La disposer sur le côté apportera de la dynamique à votre plan. - Effectuer des plans fixes est fortement conseillé afin d’éviter tout tremblement. - Poser la caméra sur un trépied ou un rebord de commode. '''5 - Mise au point''' Pour la mise au point, vérifier si la caméra est en mode automatique ou manuel. - Si elle est automatique, faire attention à ce que la caméra fasse la mise au point sur l’action et non sur la tête de la personne. - Si elle est manuelle régler la mise au point sur l’action avant de commencer à filmer. '''Exemple''' : « Là je vais souder le fil blanc sur le pôle +… ». On veut donc un plan serré, on fait la mise au point sur l’objet à souder, et on fait attention à ce que ses mains ne soient pas devant lorsqu’on filme. '''Attention''' : pour des tutoriels réalisés avec des téléphones, la difficulté est de réaliser des plans fixes. Poser le téléphone sur un endroit stable durant toute la durée de la séquence. '''6 - Filmer en vue du montage''' - Ne pas se dire que les erreurs se rattrapent au montage. - Éviter de filmer en noir et blanc et à la verticale. - Au déclenchement de la vidéo, laisser un temps de « repos » avant l’action ou la prise de parole pour faciliter le montage. - Faire des rushs simples pour que le montage puisse se faire facilement. '''7 - Contenu ''' Le contenu de la vidéo sera étroitement lié au pas à pas écrit. ''Vidéo contexte : (2 minutes)'' - Présenter la low-tech et ses intérêts économiques, environnementaux, sociaux... - Présenter un problème auquel répond la low-tech (problème et solution) - Ne pas hésiter à partir d’un contexte large à un plus local ou même plus personnel. - Il est important de choisir avec la personne ce qu’elle va dire. Le plan sera explicatif, donc préférer un plan large. - Insérer des plans de coupe (d’action) pour que cette partie contexte ne soit pas seulement un monologue face à la caméra. Penser donc également à faire des plans d’action « sur le terrain » qui seront en lien avec le contexte. '' Vidéo fabrication : (5-10 minutes)'' Se demander quel type de vidéo il est préférable de réaliser. Notamment en ce qui concerne les explications : seront-elles en voix off, en live ou sous forme de sous titre ? - Faire attention à ce que les mains ne soient pas devant l’action. - Toujours garder en tête qu’une personne lambda puisse comprendre l’action. Pour cela il peut être intéressant d’expliquer « je fais telle action pour telle raison, avec tel matériel que j’ai récupéré à tel endroit … » - Ne pas oublier de mentionner les conseils de sécurité. ''Découper la fabrication en plusieurs étapes clefs : '' - Le Fonctionnement : présenter le principe de fonctionnement de la low-tech - Le Matériel : matériel et les outils nécessaires à la fabrication - La Fabrication : bien décortiquer chaque étape, un plan pour une action, et les expliquer de manière précise tout en articulant. - L’utilisation : plans sur sa mise en situation - Conseils : Il est possible de finir la vidéo en donnant quelques conseils.e finir la vidéo en donnant quelques conseils.)
The Norwegian Kettle (Hay Box) + ('''Note''': The small box must be at least … '''Note''': The small box must be at least 1 cm higher than the cooking pot and at least 4 cm wider or longer 1) Using either a wood saw or a jig saw cut the wooden planks using the measurements taken previously 2) Assemble the wooden planks using nails and a hammer '''Planks for the small box''' - 2 planks (1 cm taller than the cooking pot) x (4 cm longer than the cooking pot) -2 planks (1 cm taller than the cooking pot) x (4 cm wider than the cooking pot) - 1 or several planks (4 cm wider than the pot) x (4cm longer than the pot) than the pot) x (4cm longer than the pot))
Moteur Stirling + (voilà, vous avez maintenant des ressources … voilà, vous avez maintenant des ressources web pour fabriquer un moteur stirling, des pistes pour faire des recherches sur les fabricants de moteurs stirlings performants, une methodo pour tester et verifier les vitesses de rotation de moins de 3600 tours/minutes dans un contexte numérique de flicage surveillance et entrave, une idée pour des moteurs à concentration à base de concentrateurs dynamiques. Pour un algo de suivi du soleil, vous pouvez reprendre du code ici: [[Dimensionner et faire un tracker solaire photovolatïque low tech]] Cependant, un dispositif à base de 4 celulles photoelectriques et un petit circuit electronique de recherche de maximum par rotation/entrainement d'un moteur pourrait avantageusement remplacer le codage en dur et s'adapter à toutes les latitudes et longitudes. J'ai aussi le soucis du sabotage des concentrateurs (rayures, reflecteur décollés) assez vite, mais je suis sur que vous trouverez des parades à ça aussi!que vous trouverez des parades à ça aussi!)
Sizing and making a photovoltaic tracker + (<nowiki>We set two axis for our modu … We set two axis for our module:

one axis Oz perpendicular to the module plane (vertical when the module is flat) and one axis Ox paralelle to the module plane (horizontal when the module is flat)

Caractéristics of the module:

mass: m=21,2 kg

Length: L=1,8m

Width: 1m

Wikipedia theory tells us intertia moment along Oz axis is :

Jdelta=1/12*m*L

Jdelta=1/12*1,8*21,2=3,18Nm

Nb: we suppose the module is a bar because here the rotation axis is the axis paralell to the plane of the rectangle formed by the module and not the perpendicular axis

We now experimentally verify:

Center the module on the plate lifter and put it horizontally

verify there is no wind

check the level on which the mast of the plate lifter is put

fix a horizontal lanmark at the bottom of the module

set a 500g mass at the extremity of the module

measure the distance between the position at equilibrium and the position with the mass

We have:

Jdelta=d*F

with d distance in meter to the axis of rotation

F force applied to the solid (here mg with m solid mass in kg and g gravitational constant)

We then have

Jdelta=0,9*0,5*9,8=4,41Nm

We measure the rotation: in our case, the distance of rotation at the extremity of the module varies between 3 and 10cm. The important variations

are due to frictions on the axis that can force or slide more freely

The order of magnitude of the inertia momen is verified

For the moment of inertia along axis Ox, it is more difficult to verify experimentally, because the axise of the plate lifter doesnt allow

to have a position at equilibrium with the module mass (which will finish on the stop under its own weight)

Therefore, we will accept the theory:

The theory says

Jdelta=1/12*m(b²+c²) with m mass of the module, b lenght of the short side of the module and c length of the long side of the module

Jdelta=1/12*21,2*(1,8²+1²)=7,49NM

This theoretical result is strongly lower than the weigth of the module, so we will size based on the necessary force to lift the weigth of the module (the axis being submitted to the weight):

F=mg=21,2*9,8

In order of magnitude 200Nm (1m of lever arm in order of magnitude)

We have now the caracteristics to size the engines of our module along two rotation axis

But the trackers have a consequent wind exposure

If we want to take into account the resistance to the wind, we must measure the force applied to the module according to wind speed:

Fp=1/2*ρ*v²*S*Cp

With ρ air density equal to 1,2 kg/m3 in order of magnitude for standard temperature and pressure conditions

v wind speed in m/s

S object surface in m²

Cp pressure coefficient without dimension égal to 2 for a rectangular metal plate

We have:

Fp=1/2*1,2*1,8*2*v²=2,16*v²

Chatgpt can give us the abacus of wind speeds in km/h and their conversions in m/2 and the generic name in meteorology

Calm: Less than 1 km/h (Less than 0.3 m/s)

Very light breeze: 1-5 km/h (0.3-1.5 m/s)

Light breeze: 6-11 km/h (1.6-3.0 m/s)

Gentle breeze: 12-19 km/h (3.4-5.4 m/s)

Moderate breeze: 20-28 km/h (5.5-7.9 m/s)

Fresh breeze: 29-38 km/h (8.0-10.7 m/s)

Strong breeze: 39-49 km/h (10.8-13.8 m/s)

Moderate wind: 50-61 km/h (13.9-16.9 m/s)

Near gale: 62-74 km/h (17.2-20.6 m/s)

Gale: 75-88 km/h (20.8-24.4 m/s)

Strong gale: 89-102 km/h (24.7-28.3 m/s)

Storm: 103-117 km/h (28.6-32.5 m/s)

Hurricane: At least 118 km/h (At least 32.8 m/s)

So we have a Force Fp that can vary from

An order of magnitude of 20N for a ligth breeze

to

An order of magnitude of 2000N for a storm

(NB: the gravity force of 1kg is approximately 10N so the force of 2000N corresponds in order of magnitude to the gravity force of 200kg).

The inertia moments on the axis are of the same order of magnitude (20Nm and 2000Nm) because the dimensions of the module are an order of magnitude of 1 m

If you want to build a tracker that can resist to storm conditions, it is advised to size the tracker consequently

On the one hand with sufficient ties in the ground, and on the other hand with an adapted frame -see caravan tips at the end of this stage-, and deactivate

when there are stronger winds.)

Wind resistance sizing is one of the reasons trackers are expensive et less generalized than standard photovoltaic installations

The step motors and servomotors that have an adequate torke to resist to important winds are expensive, et that can be understandable for motors designed for step precision

(For example here: https://www.distrelec.fr/fr/automatisation/moteurs-et-entrainements/moteurs-pas-pas-et-servocommandes/c/cat-L3D_525513 )

For hydraulic cylinders, the driving force is generally in orders of magnitude fitting to resist to storms.

For our low-tech tutorial, we know that core drilling machines have torque in an order of magnitude fitting to resist to storms (1W corresponds to 1 N multiplying 1 meter per second, so a core drilling machine of 2000W should have an adequate torque of more or less 2000Nm).

After verification on the technical caracteristics of drills, impact screwdriver, and after a manual verification of resistances (brake,clutch) when the engine is not powered, this type of engine doesnt fit.

To size a resistance to winds between the storm and hurricane we will proceed differently:

We find on aliexpress a affordable prices (70€) step motors or endless screw motors with torque in an order of magnitude of 20Nm(200kgcm). We will use thi engine with two reductors 1:10 to get a resisting torque of 2000Nm.

Recall: the torque expressed in Nm is a rotation force produced by the motor that can be computed with the same principle of the inertia moment: the force in newton x the distance to the rotation axis

Belt or chain transmission permit to reduce this torque, and that can be calculated very easily

C1=(R1/R2)*C2

With C1 torque on pulley 1

R1 pulley 1 radius

C2 torque on pulley 2

R2 pulley 2 radius

The radius is directly proportional to the number of teeth of a gear wheel (a bike cog or a motorcycle cog for example), we can easily calculate the transmission reduction by dividing the number of teeth of the big cog by the number of teeth of the little cog (verify they have the same teeth standards)

Therefore a transmission 80 teeth/10 teeth (80T/10T) will produce a reduction of 1:8, like here on amazon for an electric bike ("Keenso Kit Chaîne et Pignon 80T 25H 34mm 3 Trous Pignon 10T H Trou Chaîne Pignon 146 Maillons Chaîne") for 30€.

We will notice that a standard bike transmission have a maximum transmission reduction of 50 teeth/11 teeth so a reduction of 1:5, which is not enough for efficient reduction witouth multiplying pulleys

It is difficult to find transmissions with reduction of 1:10, but we find some on aliexpress and we will easily adapt a bicycle drive on which we will weld cogs, which will allow us a reduction of 1:100 with only one axis added in addition to the principal axis and the engine axis

So we will use an engine step motor or an endless screw engine (resistance unpowered test at reception) commanded by a raspberry pi (but the plate lifter has wheels, so we will take the precaution to put away the tracker when there's a storm ;))

Carvan tips: to size the width of the metal frame, modern norms dont seem to be really made on scientific basis but on commercial basis. We will therefore measure the width of old material (made in the 70s). For example, the frame of this old caravan accredited on its registration document for a 750kg weigth has a metal frame of 5mm width. On can then make a rule of 3 to verify the width of our frame fits.

This is rustic style (strenght of material calculs is rigorous and complex), but it allows to have a firest approximation "a visto de nas" as we say in gascon

tor or an endless screw engine (resistance unpowered test at reception) commanded by a raspberry pi (but the plate lifter has wheels, so we will take the precaution to put away the tracker when there's a storm ;))<br /><br />Carvan tips: to size the width of the metal frame, modern norms dont seem to be really made on scientific basis but on commercial basis. We will therefore measure the width of old material (made in the 70s). For example, the frame of this old caravan accredited on its registration document for a 750kg weigth has a metal frame of 5mm width. On can then make a rule of 3 to verify the width of our frame fits.<br /><br />This is rustic style (strenght of material calculs is rigorous and complex), but it allows to have a firest approximation "a visto de nas" as we say in gascon<br/><br /><br/></nowiki>)
Maison bioconstruite + (L'objectif est de recouvrir le mur de briq … L'objectif est de recouvrir le mur de briques avec une couche de mezcla lisse. 1- Coffrage aux angles : clouer une planche sur les murs perpendiculaires à la surface à lisser, en alignant le bord de la planche avec les pièces de céramique. Ainsi l'angle sera droit. 2- Mouiller généreusement le mur pour que le mélange adhère à la paroi 3- Jeter énergiquement sur le mur des poignées de mélange de façon à recouvrir toute la surface sans laisser de trous. L'épaisseur ajoutée doit correspondre à l'épaisseur de la Maestra. Recouvrir également la Maestra d’une fine couche, pour que toute la surface soit liée entre elle. 4- Égaliser en raclant du bas vers le haut sur toute la surface du mur à l'aide d'une planche de bois, en s'appuyant sur les Maestras. 5- Enlever les bouts de carrelage de la Maestra. 6- Mouiller le mur à l'aide d'un pinceau et lisser une première fois la surface avec la plane recouverte de mousse. Répéter l'opération avec la plane en métal jusqu'à obtenir une surface lisse. 7- Dégager le contour des bouteilles. 8- Laisser sécher quelques heures. Quand le mur est passé du noir au marron chocolat (compter environ 2h), le mouiller et lisser à l'aide de la plane métal. Pour des finitions rapides et plus fines, il est possible de seulement mettre poignée de mezcla sur la plane et étaler. Brûler la paille qui dépasse de la surface de mur au chalumeau.dépasse de la surface de mur au chalumeau.)
Maison bioconstruite + (L'objectif est de recouvrir le mur de briq … L'objectif est de recouvrir le mur de briques avec une couche de mezcla lisse. 1- Coffrage aux angles : clouer une planche sur les murs perpendiculaires à la surface à lisser, en alignant le bord de la planche avec les pièces de céramique. Ainsi l'angle sera droit. 2- Mouiller généreusement le mur pour que le mélange adhère à la paroi 3- Jeter énergiquement sur le mur des poignées de mélange de façon à recouvrir toute la surface sans laisser de trous. L'épaisseur ajoutée doit correspondre à l'épaisseur de la Maestra. Recouvrir également la Maestra d’une fine couche, pour que toute la surface soit liée entre elle. 4- Égaliser en raclant du bas vers le haut sur toute la surface du mur à l'aide d'une planche de bois, en s'appuyant sur les Maestras. 5- Enlever les bouts de carrelage de la Maestra. 6- Mouiller le mur à l'aide d'un pinceau et lisser une première fois la surface avec la plane recouverte de mousse. Répéter l'opération avec la plane en métal jusqu'à obtenir une surface lisse. 7- Dégager le contour des bouteilles. 8- Laisser sécher quelques heures. Quand le mur est passé du noir au marron chocolat (compter environ 2h), le mouiller et lisser à l'aide de la plane métal. Pour des finitions rapides et plus fines, il est possible de seulement mettre poignée de mezcla sur la plane et étaler. Brûler la paille qui dépasse de la surface de mur au chalumeau.dépasse de la surface de mur au chalumeau.)
Eco-construcción + (L'objectif est de recouvrir le mur de briq … L'objectif est de recouvrir le mur de briques avec une couche de mezcla lisse. 1- Coffrage aux angles : clouer une planche sur les murs perpendiculaires à la surface à lisser, en alignant le bord de la planche avec les pièces de céramique. Ainsi l'angle sera droit. 2- Mouiller généreusement le mur pour que le mélange adhère à la paroi 3- Jeter énergiquement sur le mur des poignées de mélange de façon à recouvrir toute la surface sans laisser de trous. L'épaisseur ajoutée doit correspondre à l'épaisseur de la Maestra. Recouvrir également la Maestra d’une fine couche, pour que toute la surface soit liée entre elle. 4- Égaliser en raclant du bas vers le haut sur toute la surface du mur à l'aide d'une planche de bois, en s'appuyant sur les Maestras. 5- Enlever les bouts de carrelage de la Maestra. 6- Mouiller le mur à l'aide d'un pinceau et lisser une première fois la surface avec la plane recouverte de mousse. Répéter l'opération avec la plane en métal jusqu'à obtenir une surface lisse. 7- Dégager le contour des bouteilles. 8- Laisser sécher quelques heures. Quand le mur est passé du noir au marron chocolat (compter environ 2h), le mouiller et lisser à l'aide de la plane métal. Pour des finitions rapides et plus fines, il est possible de seulement mettre poignée de mezcla sur la plane et étaler. Brûler la paille qui dépasse de la surface de mur au chalumeau.dépasse de la surface de mur au chalumeau.)
Ash detergent + (Once the ash has been collected, take the … Once the ash has been collected, take the time to screen it over a bucket to eliminate anything that is not ash and could float ( charcoal, wood) or sink ( metal from the crates etc). Be careful, the fine dust from the ash can irritate the eyes and lungs. You can wear a mask and goggles if you feel uncomfortable. For your own comfort, try to stand outside in a place sheltered from the wind.utside in a place sheltered from the wind.)
Cultivation of oyster mushrooms + ( *Open the sterilized bottles to inoculate … *Open the sterilized bottles to inoculate them with your mother spawn, rich in mycelium, delicate passage because it is necessary to be fast enough to limit the risks of contamination during the opening of the bottles. It is important to work in a sterile environment during this operation (clean hands, clean clothes, etc...). *Using tweezers previously sterilized in rubbing alcohol, place the ends of cardboard boxes covered with mycelium on the substrate of your bottles. *Close the bottles immediately and put them in your incubator at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light. *Using tweezers previously sterilized in alcohol at 70°C, place the ends of cardboard boxes covered with mycelium on the substrate of your bottles. *Close the bottles immediately and put them in your incubator at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light. at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light. )
Passive speaker + (In order to carry out these tests in the b … In order to carry out these tests in the best possible conditions, you need to go to a place that is as quiet as possible (this helps to avoid unwanted noise). The microphone and loudspeaker to be tested should then be placed on a stable surface with a constant distance between them. We then play white noise from the loudspeaker, which will be recorded on audacity. The analysis -> plot spectrum option will show the distortions in the sound and allow you to compare the different speakers. allow you to compare the different speakers.)
Hydroponics + (In order to gain in autonomy, it is possib … In order to gain in autonomy, it is possible to install a timer system thanks to a programmable electrical socket or an arduino allowing to program the starting of the pump and the bubbler. * Indeed, for a better development of the plants, it is advisable to proceed to a regular watering alternated with dry breaks. This water stress will strengthen the roots. For this purpose, we recommend that the pump be switched on for 30 minutes every 2 hours during the day. No watering at night. * The biofilter needs to be aerated regularly for good growth and survival of bacteria. '''We recommend lighting the bubbler for 1 minute every 5 minutes, 24 hours a day.''' '''Arduino control system: ''' [[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]]
[[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]] <br/>)
Pasteurisation of Fruit and Vegetables + ( * Peel and wash the fruit and vegetables … * Peel and wash the fruit and vegetables to be pasteurised thoroughly * Whether from a recipe of your choice (like ratatouille, compote, puréed fruit or veg, fruit in syrup etc...) or cut into pieces in water, place the fruit or veg in a saucepan over heat. * Heat until brought to a simmer over heat. * Heat until brought to a simmer )
Bio-construction d'un habitat + ('''Peinture des murs.''' Vous pouvez crée … '''Peinture des murs.''' Vous pouvez créer toutes sorte de décorations, selon vos envies les plus folles. Exemple : Insérer des pierres, des rondins de bois, pneus, bouteilles en verre pour laisser passer la lumière, ou tout ce que vous voudrez au sein du mur lors de sa réalisation. Vous pouvez également réaliser un mélange de chaux (calcaire broyé), d'eau et de colorant naturel afin de réaliser un mur lisse, coloré, brillant et plus imperméable (pour une pièce où le mur sera en contact avec de l'eau comme une douche). Pour cela, réaliser le mélange et étaler 5 fines couches de moins d'un millimètre sur le mur (séchage très rapide) à l'aide d'une spatule,. Puis avec une pierre ou une bouteille avec un peu de savon, aplatir le tout. Cela donne un aspect plus brillant et évite les fissures pour le futur.
t évite les fissures pour le futur. <br/>)
Bio-construction d'un habitat + ('''Peinture des murs.''' Vous pouvez crée … '''Peinture des murs.''' Vous pouvez créer toutes sorte de décorations, selon vos envies les plus folles. Exemple : Insérer des pierres, des rondins de bois, pneus, bouteilles en verre pour laisser passer la lumière, ou tout ce que vous voudrez au sein du mur lors de sa réalisation. Vous pouvez également réaliser un mélange de chaux (calcaire broyé), d'eau et de colorant naturel afin de réaliser un mur lisse, coloré, brillant et plus imperméable (pour une pièce où le mur sera en contact avec de l'eau comme une douche). Pour cela, réaliser le mélange et étaler 5 fines couches de moins d'un millimètre sur le mur (séchage très rapide) à l'aide d'une spatule,. Puis avec une pierre ou une bouteille avec un peu de savon, aplatir le tout. Cela donne un aspect plus brillant et évite les fissures pour le futur.
t évite les fissures pour le futur. <br/>)
Sourdough bread + (Place 100g of sourdough in the bowl Add 390g of water Then mix <br/>)
A wood-saving oven + (Place the 10 cm diameter pipe between the hole left in the arch and the roof, so it's tight)
Ski benches + (Plan this search in advance of the workshop: skis can be collected from waste collection centres, and pallets from the depots of supermarkets and DIY shops.)
Coffee sticks + (To plug the bottom of the gun :)
Extrusora de filamento 3D + (Tener una tabla de 50cm x 70cm. Espesor requerido 10mm.)
آلة بثق الخيوط ثلاثية الأبعاد + (Posséder une planche de 50cm x 70cm. Epaisseur requise 10mm.)
Extrudeuse de filament 3D + (Posséder une planche de 50cm x 70cm. Epaisseur requise 10mm.)
Extrudeuse de filament 3D + (Posséder une planche de 50cm x 70cm. Epaisseur requise 10mm.)
Remorque à vélo deux roues + ( * Pour le fond : dessinez sur la plaque d … * Pour le fond : dessinez sur la plaque de résine (ou contreplaqué) les dimensions des caisses systainers plus la taille de vos tasseaux qui iront sur les côtés. * Pour la face avant : je vous conseille une dimension de 40 cm de haut minimum pour que la fixation du timon de la remorque soit plus facile * Coupez la plaque emorque soit plus facile * Coupez la plaque )
Remorque pour vélo en bois - outillage simple - attache roue arrière + (Pour permettre de facilement visser et dév … Pour permettre de facilement visser et dévisser les roues - pour changer une chambre à air par example - on crée une encoche dans les tasseaux qui entourent les roues; pour avoir accès à l'écrou qui attache la roue de chaque coté.
*Avec une mèche à bois de 20 mm, faire un trou qui s'aligne avec l'équerre, au centre du tasseau. *Avec une scie, ouvrir le trou vers le bas pour pouvoir glisser la roue. *Accrocher l'équerre au tasseau à l'aide de petites vis. *Répéter pour chaque tasseauide de petites vis. *Répéter pour chaque tasseau)
Fab Lab Nomade - Remorque Atelier + (Pour ce prototype, nous passons les deux p … Pour ce prototype, nous passons les deux premières journées à remettre en état de route et de fonctionnement la remorque avec les taches suivantes : - Remplacer tout le système de feux de route (30€) - Tester le bon fonctionnement des feux de route - Remise en état des charnières de la porte arrière - Arrondir à la meuleuse les pièces métalliques qui risquent de couper - Refaire la pièce de jonction métallique entre le timon axe central et la caisse à bascule avec des toles récupérées - Installer une roue jockey - Récupérer les anciennes visseries pour les réutiliser - Renforcer la caisse métalique aux endroits faibles - Enlever l'ancien panneau qui couvre la remorque pour le remplaceru qui couvre la remorque pour le remplacer)
PETIT BATEAU + (1) Prendre 3 blocs de blasa 2) Prendre le … 1) Prendre 3 blocs de blasa 2) Prendre le pistolet à colle 3) Disposez un peu de colle sur les faces carrés 4) Assembler face carré contre face carré de manière linéaire 5) Poncer les angles pour les arrondir et régulariser le flotteur 6) Répéter cette étape une seconde fois, pour obtenir un deuxième flotteurde fois, pour obtenir un deuxième flotteur)
DIY heater + (Put 500mL of vinegar in a container and gently add the bicarbonate of soda (you will see a gas being released as it foams, this is carbon dioxide).)
Micro-gasifier Cooking Stove + (- Put tin can (2) into the large tin can (1) as shown in the diagram. - Place tin can (3) on top of the two other tin cans which have been nested one inside the other. - The pyrolytic stove is now ready for you to use !)
Low-tech Computer + (We recommend using the Low-tech computer t … We recommend using the Low-tech computer to be able to consult Wikipedia offline. To do this, we will use the '''Kiwix''' software. This free software allows you to have the entire Wikipedia encyclopedia ('''and many other contents''') in hand wherever you are! On a boat in the middle of nowhere or even in prison, it allows access to all of human knowledge. You do not need internet access, everything is saved on your computer, your USB key or DVD. For this you will need: *Kiwix (the software) *The ZIM file with the Wikipedia content in the specific language that the user wants (for ex. French). We will present two slightly different installation options: *Option 1: Use Kiwix as a Reader The KIWIX Reader allows you to '''consult offline, without an internet connection, content packages''' (Wikipedia, TEDx, ...) in ZIM format. It is available for all major operating systems (Windows, Mac, GNU/Linux, Android). It comes as a standalone application or browser plugin. Install it and consult Wikipedia content directly on your Low-tech computer.
*Option 2: Use Kiwix as a Hotspot KIWIX hotspot allows you to '''convert a low-cost mini-computer like the Raspberry Pi into a relay to distribute free content, without an internet connection, via a local network'''. This solution is especially useful for schools, libraries, communities, humanitarian organizations, etc. End users only need a device capable of detecting the network with the browser, they do not need to download and install anything on their device. KIWIX Hotspot works on Windows, macOS and Linux.eir device. KIWIX Hotspot works on Windows, macOS and Linux.)
Linogravure + ('''Récupérer le tissu que vous voulez customiser.''')
Solar water heater + (Refrigerators are numerous in waste collec … Refrigerators are numerous in waste collection centres, it is necessary to identify those which have the adequate grids (see Preface - Grid) and of the largest possible dimension. Pinching the pipes at the outlet of the compressor will limit the exhaust of refrigerant gases. Cut the pipes as close as possible to the compressor to ensure maximum length with the grid. Unscrew the grid. Wash the grid with soapy water. Blow a blower into the pipes to remove impurities. Seal the pipes with tape to prevent impurities from getting into them, as they may have a small diameter and become obstructed.ve a small diameter and become obstructed.)
Biofiltre pour bioponie + ('''Remarque''' : Cette technologie est en … '''Remarque''' : Cette technologie est encore en phase de test. Bientôt de plus amples informations sur les quantités et les fréquences d'ajout / de prélèvement. * Allumer la pompe 2 à 3 heures par jours afin que le biofiltre soit toujours bien humide, que les bactéries puissent transformer les éléments et que le jus soit bien oxygéné. '''Remarque''' : La couche bactérienne met environ un mois pour se constituer correctement, il faut donc attendre cette période avant d'utiliser le jus. * Au bout d'un mois, commencer à prélever du jus pour arrosage des plantes en bioponie.jus pour arrosage des plantes en bioponie.)
Biofiltre pour bioponie + ('''Remarque''' : Cette technologie est en … '''Remarque''' : Cette technologie est encore en phase de test. Bientôt de plus amples informations sur les quantités et les fréquences d'ajout / de prélèvement. * Allumer la pompe 2 à 3 heures par jours afin que le biofiltre soit toujours bien humide, que les bactéries puissent transformer les éléments et que le jus soit bien oxygéné. '''Remarque''' : La couche bactérienne met environ un mois pour se constituer correctement, il faut donc attendre cette période avant d'utiliser le jus. * Au bout d'un mois, commencer à prélever du jus pour arrosage des plantes en bioponie.jus pour arrosage des plantes en bioponie.)
Fiche animation atelier 3 : co-construction suite du programme d'ateliers et réducteur débit d'eau de douche + ( * Remerciements pour la participation. * Tour de table des ressentis et questions à l’aide d’une adaptation des chapeaux de Bono (si temps suffisant). → cf fiche animation atelier 1 )
Banane design en kakemono + (Reproduire le patron ci-joint sur la partie colorées du kakémono (contrairement à la photo du tutoriel). Puis découper les différentes pièces avec des ciseaux. Patron inspiré de la vidéo : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tS9vXfhAzlU&feature=youtu.be)
Banane design en kakemono + (Reproduire le patron ci-joint sur la partie colorées du kakémono (contrairement à la photo du tutoriel). Puis découper les différentes pièces avec des ciseaux. Patron inspiré de la vidéo : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tS9vXfhAzlU&feature=youtu.be)
Remorque génératrice solaire - Structure + (Retrouvez les plans 1 et 2 dans la section … Retrouvez les plans 1 et 2 dans la section Fichiers.
*A la scie à ruban, couper 2 tubes carrés creux inox de 25 mm, d’épaisseur 1,5 mm, de 1650 mm de longueur (1) *A la scie à ruban, couper 2 tubes carrés creux inox de 25 mm, d’épaisseur 1,5 mm, de 700 mm de longueur (2) *Positionner le rectangle sur un établi en s’aidant d’étaux d’angle. Vérifier les côtes avant de pointer à l’aide d’un TIG. Souder la première face du cadre puis frotter la soudure avec une brosse métallique. Réitérer l’opération sur l’autre face du cadre. *Couper 4 tubes ronds creux inox de ⌀21, 3 mm, d’épaisseur 2 mm, de 675 mm de longueur (3). Limer l’intérieur des tubes. '''''Remarque''': Nous avons ici utilisé un coupe tube : positionner le tube autour de la dent, graisser puis réaliser un tour. Resserrer d’un quart de tour puis effectuer un tour. Réitérer l’opération jusqu’à couper le tube.'' ''Il est aussi possible d’utiliser une scie à ruban pour réaliser cette coupe.''
*Souder 4 écrous de ⌀10 mm à l’une des extrémités des 4 tubes ronds. Si besoin, limer les coins de l’hexagone pour faciliter l’insertion des écrous. *Reprendre le filetage des écrous à l’aide d’un taraud de ⌀10 mm. '''''Remarque''': Grâce aux écrous, il sera possible de visser des pieds aux extrémités des tubes pour avoir une structure stable et rigide hors remorque.''
*Insérer les 4 tubes ronds aux quatre coins de la remorque. Positionner le cadre par-dessus puis souder l’ensemble. *Couper un tube rond creux inox de de ⌀21, 3 mm, d’épaisseur 2 mm, de 1000 mm de longueur (4) *L’insérer dans le tube carré creux arrière du cadre précédent. Laisser dépasser 150 mm de part et d'autre du cadre. *Couper 2 tubes carrés creux inox de 25 mm, d’épaisseur 1,5 mm, de 143 mm de longueur (5) *Souder ces 2 tubes carrés (5) aux extrémités du tube rond (4) en s’aidant d’une cale. *Couper un plat en inox de 40 x 2 mm de 940 mm de longueur (6). Percer 7 trous de ⌀11 mm puis souder le plat, de manière centrée, sur les 2 tubes carrés (5) '''''Remarque''''': ''Cet ensemble permettra la rotation des panneaux solaires.'''Cet ensemble permettra la rotation des panneaux solaires.'')
Brick wallet + (- Rinse the inside thoroughly with water - Dry the brick with a cloth - Dry the inside of the brick)
Multifunctional Crankset + ( *Salvage the hub of the front wheel (whic … *Salvage the hub of the front wheel (which is not used) and remove all spokes. *Attach a pulley on either side of the hub. Transmission pulley 1 will be driven by a belt connected to the bike wheel, and transmission pulley 2 will power the desired tool with a second belt. *Secure the hub on a block of wood with the eye straps. This block of wood will later be attached to the table. f wood will later be attached to the table. )
Hand washing machine + (Saw off the top of the bucket/barrel that will make up bucket n1 (black): the washing machine drum. Saw off the second bucket/barrel (Bucket 2 - Yellow) to allow the drum to fit inside the second seal. For a better finish, sand the cut ends.)
Ash and animal fat soap + (A soap is normally composed of a fatty aci … A soap is normally composed of a fatty acid (here animal fat) and a basic agent (high pH) such as soda or potash (here made from ash). These two compounds create a saponification reaction that creates soap. The Chemical Process Saponification is the reaction of a fatty substance with hydroxide ions (provided by an alkali such as potash or soda) to give a carboxylate ion (soap) and glycerol (also called glycerin). Soaps are therefore mixtures of carboxylate ions and metal cations (sodium or potassium ions). The carboxylate ion is a surface-active agent that lowers the surface tension of water: it is a detergent. It ensures washing thanks to 4 qualities : The wetting power: soapy water can penetrate the small interstices of the surface in contact (cloth, skin, table, plate...) more effectively than water ; Emulsifying power: the carboxylate ions agglutinate around the dirt and penetrate between it and the surface in contact until they isolate the dirt from this surface. They form micelles containing small particles of dirt. Carboxylate ions have a lipophilic end and are therefore particularly effective against fatty substances; The dispersing power: due to the properties of the carboxylate ions and the structure of the micelles, they repel each other and are therefore dispersed in soapy water; Foaming power: a film of carboxylate ions is formed on the surface of water with low surface tension. By agitating the soapy water, air bubbles can then be trapped. The foam does not intervene as such in the washing but is an indicator of the surface tension of the liquid and thus of its detergent power.he liquid and thus of its detergent power.)
Autonomous solar watermaker + (1 Solar concentrator 1.1 Frame 1.2 M … 1 Solar concentrator 1.1 Frame 1.2 Main reflector 1.2.1 Support for main reflector 1.2.2 Mirrors 1.3 Secondary reflector 1.3.1 Support for secondary reflector 1.3.2 Secondary reflector and copper pipe 2 Watermaker 2.1 Evaporation tank 2.1.1 Frame 2.1.2 Stages 2.1.3 Copper pipe 2.2 Condensation tank 2.2.1 Frame 2.2.2 Copper pipes 2.2.2.1 Copper condensing coil 2.2.2.2 Copper water inlet pipe 2.2.2.3 Copper water outlet pipe 2.2.3 Cover 3 Total circuit 3.1 Circuit closing pipes4 3.2 Pump 3.1 Circuit closing pipes4 3.2 Pump)
Low-tech mattresses + (Stretching the tarpaulin over a table Place several layers of bubble wrap* to form a compact rectangle. Bubble wrap can be replaced by different materials such as blankets, but bubble wrap is water-resistant and very light.)
Tent heating stove + (Take the pipe diameter 20cm and cut it. 20Cm high. Cut a small opening 5x5cm at the bottom of the pipe. Cut a piece of metal sheet, same shape of the pipe, you can mark it before cutting. . Weld it at the bottom of your stove, same side of your opening.)
Manual Pump (vertical) + (The aim of this step is to check the equip … The aim of this step is to check the equipment is in order without gluing the components together. Slot the components together as per the following diagram: You can even check if it is working or not. For best results: the areas circled in blue must be as short as possible.cled in blue must be as short as possible.)
Sunlight-luminosity measurement with a single board computer (raspberry-orangepi) + (The blue led of the sensor blinks slowly when the sensor is plugged in. Watch out not to unplug the sensor when measuring, otherwise you will need to restart the server (or just docker compose down && docker compose up))
The organic filter + (1) The earthworm composter 2) The organic filter 3) The organic filter reservoir (Container and Pump))
Enhanced cooker + (The enhanced cookers are made using the fo … The enhanced cookers are made using the following mixture: - For 1 barrow of clay: - 3 handfuls of straw - 1kg of salt (for thermal storage) - ½ handful of pig hair - 5L (a half-bucket) of donkey's dung previsouly fermented for 5 days in plastic. - Add water until obtaining a wet mixture but which is not liquid (like a dough, not too wet, not too dry)d (like a dough, not too wet, not too dry))
Coco soap + (The first step is to extract the coconut o … The first step is to extract the coconut oil from ripe coconut (brown nuts). Here is the procedure: * Open the coconut * Scrape the pulp with a scraper if you do not have a mixer-blender. If you own a blender you can detach the pulp from the shell roughly and mix everything. * Put the resulting coconut crumbs in a container, cover with hot water and mix well. If you use a blender you can directly cover with hot water and mix. * Place a clean towel over a second container and filter the resulting coconut milk. press the cloth tightly to obtain as much filtrate as possible. * Place the coconut milk obtained in a plastic bottle and allow to settle until two distinct phases are obtained. We find the coconut cream above and the water below. Drill a small hole in the bottom of the bottle to let the water escape and plug the hole to keep the cream. * Pour the cream into a pan and cook over medium heat, stirring. Burnished cream and translucent oil is extracted. This step can take several tens of minutes. * Filter the extracted coconut oil.nutes. * Filter the extracted coconut oil.)
Boiler stove + (The first step in making the boiling stove … The first step in making the boiling stove is to collect all the materials we need. To recover the 208-litre drums, you can pick them up from local businesses (from a garage, for example), and you'll be lucky if they're already empty. For the cumulus, you can collect it from places where they donate equipment, such as a recycling centre, where the equipment has already been used. To get a security system, you're going to have to spend money. We want our system to be as reliable as possible, so we'll need to spend a bit of money. For our project, we decided to use a security unit. A pipe will be needed to evacuate the smoke. We use the same type of pipe as for wood-burning stoves to evacuate the smoke.wood-burning stoves to evacuate the smoke.)

Garde-Manger: Pantry Storage + (<br/> <table class="wikitable" bo …

Environment by Food Type Short-term Food Storage Environment Climacteric Factor
Food Types Cool, Humid and Dark Dry, Ventilated, In Room Light Dry, Ventilated, In the Dark Other? Ethylene Producer Sensitive to Ethylene
Apricot x x x
Garlic x
Pineapple x
Artichoke x
Asparagus x Refrigerator Crisper
Eggplant x x
Avocado x x x
Banana x x x
Chard x
Beet x
Broccoli x Refrigerator Crisper x
Carrot x x
Celery x
Cherry x x
Mushroom x
Cauliflower x Refrigerator Crisper x
Cabbage x
Lemon x
Pumpkin x
Clementine x
Cucumber x x x
Coriander, Cumin x
Squash x
Zucchini x x
Shallot x
Endive x Refrigerator Crisper x
Strawberry x
Legumes (beans, lentils) x
Seed Spices x
Green Beans x Refrigerator Crisper x
Kiwi x x
Mango x
Melon x x x
Blackberry x
Turnip x
Onion x
Orange x
Parsnip x
Watermelon x
Sweet Potato x
Peach x x x x
Parsley, Chives, Mint, Fresh Coriander, Dill, In a glass of water
Pear x x x x
Leek x
Pepper x x x
Pomelo x
Apple x x x
Potato x
Plum x x x x
Radish x
Grapes x
Arugula x
Lettuce x x
Tomato x x x
Leftovers Refrigerator
Dairy Refrigerator
Meat and Fish Refrigerator
ss="xl65"> </td><td class="xl66"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl67">Watermelon </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl67">x </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl68"> </td><td class="xl69"> </td><td class="xl67"> </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl64">Sweet Potato </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl64">x </td><td class="xl65"> </td><td class="xl66"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl67">Peach </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl67">x </td><td class="xl67">x </td><td class="xl68"> </td><td class="xl69">x </td><td class="xl67">x </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl64">Parsley, Chives, Mint, Fresh Coriander, Dill, </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl65">In a glass of water </td><td class="xl66"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl67">Pear </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl67">x </td><td class="xl67">x </td><td class="xl68"> </td><td class="xl69">x </td><td class="xl67">x </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl64">Leek </td><td class="xl64">x </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl65"> </td><td class="xl66"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl67">Pepper </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl67">x </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl68"> </td><td class="xl69">x </td><td class="xl67">x </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl64">Pomelo </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl64">x </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl65"> </td><td class="xl66"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl67">Apple </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl67">x </td><td class="xl68"> </td><td class="xl69">x </td><td class="xl67">x </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl64">Potato </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl64">x </td><td class="xl65"> </td><td class="xl66"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl67">Plum </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl67">x </td><td class="xl67">x </td><td class="xl68"> </td><td class="xl69">x </td><td class="xl67">x </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl64">Radish </td><td class="xl64">x </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl65"> </td><td class="xl66"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl67">Grapes </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl67">x </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl68"> </td><td class="xl69"> </td><td class="xl67"> </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl64">Arugula </td><td class="xl64">x </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl65"> </td><td class="xl66"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl67">Lettuce </td><td class="xl67">x </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl68"> </td><td class="xl69"> </td><td class="xl67">x </td></tr><tr> <td height="20" class="xl70">Tomato </td><td class="xl71"> </td><td class="xl70">x </td><td class="xl71"> </td><td class="xl72"> </td><td class="xl73">x </td><td class="xl70">x </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl74">Leftovers </td><td class="xl75"> </td><td class="xl74"> </td><td class="xl75"> </td><td class="xl76">Refrigerator </td><td class="xl77"> </td><td class="xl74"> </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl64">Dairy </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td><td class="xl65">Refrigerator </td><td class="xl66"> </td><td class="xl64"> </td></tr><tr> <td height="19" class="xl67">Meat and Fish </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl67"> </td><td class="xl79"> </td><td class="xl80">Refrigerator </td><td class="xl81"> </td><td class="xl79"> </td></tr></table>)

Collective laundry practice + (<u>The individual reflection:</u& … The individual reflection: Take a pen and a paper, and try to answer to these questions. The goal is to define the habits and needs of each laundry practice. ''1. How often do you do the laundry?'' ''2. Do you sort your clothes?'' ''3. If yes, how?'' ''4. Which machine programs do you use?'' ''5. What do you like about your practice?'' ''6. What would you change in your practice? ''our practice?'' ''6. What would you change in your practice? '')
Orangepi-raspberry pi nextcloud server (photovoltaics powered) + (The links to the photovoltaics material ar … The links to the photovoltaics material are in the autonomie.ods file (readable with libreoffice) attached to this tutorial. - raspberry pi : 42€ on leboncoin -Orange pi : single board computer: Orange pi 5 single board computer with 4,8,16 or 32 Go of ram 2,4Ghz ARM Cortex-A55 CPU This card is compatible with nvme pcie 2.0 hard drives (2242 or 2230, pcie is retrocompatible ie 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 work with lower speed on orange pi 5) Same principle as here but a bit more powerful and we can plug a hard drive (useful for nextcloud which is made to host files) and it starts automatically on a usb stick Price: 143€ brand new on aliexpress in version 16 Go on the 2nd of august 2023 Second hand on leboncoin: we find more easily raspberry pi at around 100€. It is necessary to buy a small box at 10€ (or make one) to avoid a naked single board computer -hard drive Here we use a kingston usb stick of 32Go and a nvme samsung 512Go card We can plug a hard drive of higher capacity in usb, or a nvme card (nvme pcie 2.0 ssd 2242 or 2230) compatible with pcie 3.0 4.0 and above but the speed is reduced A nvme samsung 2242 card of 500Go is about 50€ on the 2nd of august 2023. -usb stick : 10€ - rj45 cable: 5€ -Internet box or 4G modem according to your internet connection -solar pannel: here we use a flexible 120W pannel bougth 115€ brand new but we can find second hand ones at 30€ on leboncoin for an equivalente peak power. Note: for the theoretical need. See file autonomy.ods -second hand battery: use the previous lead acid battery of your car when it crashes when it's too hot in summer! -12V/24V-usb 5V battery converter: 20€ avoid amazon if you can - pwm regulator 30A: 30€ brand new if you dont buy corporate brand - DRL (day/night switch 13V): 1,5€ brand new (key word "Kit de feux de jour à LED pour voiture, contrôleur marche/arrêt automatique DRL" in french) -electric mc4 cable: 20€ Total second hand price for orangepi: 256,50€ Total brand new price for orangepi: 431,50€ Total second hand price for raspberry: 165€ See autonomie.ods - for raspberry: 165€ See autonomie.ods -)
Extinguisher + (The low-tech fire extinguisher is based on … The low-tech fire extinguisher is based on the reaction between baking soda and acetic acid vinegar. Water absorbs heat by evaporating; baking soda decomposes during an endothermic reaction (which absorbs heat) and creates water when exposed to a temperature exceeding 270 ° C; carbon dioxide is a heavy gas that "displaces" oxygen and "starves" the fire. A hole is drilled in the bottle. When you want to activate the fire extinguisher, pierce the bag containing baking soda. Vinegar, mixed with water, reacts with baking soda to form carbon dioxide, water and sodium acetate. By shaking the bottle, the reaction is accelerated: the carbon dioxide produced pressurizes the bottle, and a CO2-water mixture is ejected through the hole, which is pointed towards the fire. Water, carbon dioxide and soda extinguish the fire, and the foam created by the washing-up liquid prevents it from being re-ignited. liquid prevents it from being re-ignited.)
Light bottle cutter + (The piece of wood used in this tutorial is 22 x 2 x 2 cm. You can use one a bit larger but you do not need to use a longer one.)
Solar coffee roaster + (The roaster is made of 3 different parts : *The roaster itself, using a salvage cement mixer *The solar parabola, which concentrates solar energy into the roaster *A mechanical part, which makes the roaster turn)
Desert fridge + (The Zeer Pot is: 2 terracotta (or clay) p … The Zeer Pot is: 2 terracotta (or clay) pottery interwoven with a layer of moist sand of about 4 cm between the two. The inner jar contains food to keep cool. The sand allows the refrigeration of the system. The outer pot contains it all. The water contained in the sand needs energy to be transformed into steam, this is the principle of evaporation. In this case, the heat contained in the internal pot will supply this energy and allow the water to evaporate. This thermal reaction lowers the internal pot temperature and keeps the food cool.l pot temperature and keeps the food cool.)
Apple juice extractor + (This first stage is common to both machines. The first step is to break up the pallets to recover the wooden planks. You also need to collect screws and bolts. That's our only expense.)
Kombucha fabric + (This step lasts about 5 minutes. It is ver … This step lasts about 5 minutes. It is very important the liquid is below 30°Celcius, before adding the other ingredients: - to prevent odor vinegar emission - not to kill the starter and SCOBY * Pour the vinegar + add mix previously made + the Starter Mix * Add your SCOBY * Cover the tray and protect it from light* Cover the tray and protect it from light)
Balcony planter + (In this tutorial we explain how to make a balcony planter with 6 pockets. But you can add/remove pockets to make your planter bigger or smaller as required.)
Batteries recovery + (This tutorial shows how to recover the bat … This tutorial shows how to recover the battery cells from a computer in order to create a new battery. Powered by a solar panel or by a USB port, it will allow you to light a LED lamp. The system works around three modules: * the energy reception module: the solar panel and its charge controller * the energy storage module: the battery * the module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator '''Energy Receiving Module: Photovoltaic Panel & Charge Controller''' The photovoltaic panel concentrates the energy of the sun. It allows to recover its energy in order to store it in the battery. But be careful, the amount of energy received by the panel is irregular depending on the time of day, the weather... It is important to install a charge/discharge regulator between the panel and the battery to protect it against overload, among other things. '''Energy storage module: the battery''' It is made of two lithium cells recovered from a computer. To put it in a nutshell, a battery is a bit like a box containing several batteries: each of them is a cell, a unit that supplies power to the device by electrochemical reaction. The cells found in computers are lithium cells. They all have the same capacity to store energy, but their capacity to deliver it is different for each. To make a battery from cells it is important that they all have the same capacity to deliver energy. It is therefore necessary to measure the capacity of each cell to compose homogeneous batteries. '''The module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator''' Our batterie delivers a 3.7V current and our LED lamps work with 12V. So we need to transform the cell's energy from 3.7V to 12V : thanks to the voltage regulator called DC/DC booster. A small screw on this module allows to regulate voltage. You can set it to 12V - or another voltage according to your LED's characteristics.r another voltage according to your LED's characteristics.)
Offgrid rain water harvesting sizing + (In this tutorial, we use meteorological sy … In this tutorial, we use meteorological synop data available here:

http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/ with description here:

http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/doc_parametres_synop_168.pdf

You can also download the data on Meteo France website:

https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/?fond=produit&id_produit=90&id_rubrique=32

Download all csv files with months and years with which you want to make the computing, put them in a directory of your choice and unzip them (archive format is gz).
Also put in this directory the file processing.py containing the code shared in this tutorial.

Example in debian linux command line to download and unzip all csv of year 2020 in a directory ~/synop:

(In the tutorial we use all data from 2010 to 2020)

cd ~

mkdir -p synop && cd synop

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202001.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202001.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202002.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202002.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202003.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202003.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202004.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202004.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202005.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202005.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202006.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202006.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202007.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202007.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202008.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202008.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202009.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202009.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202010.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202010.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202011.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202011.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202012.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202012.csv.gz

To use python under another operating system, please get by with your proprietary and intrusive crap.

Under linux, python is usually installed and to use the code shared here, you'll just have to copy and paste the code in a text file called processing.py and then enter

python processing.py

However, you will have to install pandas library which is massively used in finance and science industries, in particular for its efficient timeseries handling and vectorisation capacities.

To do so, here are the commands to enter in a linux debian system before running processing.py to be ok:

sudo apt install python3 python3-venv python3-pip python-is-python3

cd ~ && python -m venv venv

source venv/bin/activate

pip install pandas

Mind to activate virtual environment where pandas is installed each time you use the script (after a reboot or if you close and open again the terminal) with this command:

cd ~ && source venv/bin/activate

We are in 2024 and if you are being targetted and shackled as ecoterrorists like me, you will want to inspect your measurements instruments before use, so you can inspect the source code of pandas, which is of course free software, here:
https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas
Or you can arguably suppose you can trust a software so massively used in finance and science industries.

Python relies on C libraries for some basics operations, and hack, including scientific hack, is never impossible, but we will let these pro-lowtech considerations aside that are out-of-scope of the perspectives of this tutorial.being targetted and shackled as ecoterrorists like me, you will want to inspect your measurements instruments before use, so you can inspect the source code of pandas, which is of course free software, here: <br />https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas <br />Or you can arguably suppose you can trust a software so massively used in finance and science industries.<br /><br />Python relies on C libraries for some basics operations, and hack, including scientific hack, is never impossible, but we will let these pro-lowtech considerations aside that are out-of-scope of the perspectives of this tutorial.)
The how to of how to's + (''' 1 - Tools''' A camera, a microphone, … ''' 1 - Tools''' A camera, a microphone, SD cards, batteries, a tripod. Check before use the state of your tools : SD card with sufficient disk space, battery charged, etc. ''' 2 - Location of the movie''' Choose where does the action takes place, in order to have a good sound quality and good luminosity: - Indoor, beware of the lack of light and artificial lights, that will impact your video quality. Think of fridges, clocks as well, that could create parasite sounds. These will be disappointing for the spectator watching your video. - Outdoor, beware of backlighting and the lack of light. Concerning the sound, the wind is fatal. Protect your microphone and its exposure ! "In both cases:" - Be careful that no big light pits are in your field of view. - Avoid too big spaces, the backplane should rather be short. - Filming during the day is highly recommended. At night, you'll get granulas on your images. ''' 3 - Positionning of the camera''' In order to know where to place the camera, ask the actor what he's going to do at each step. It is therefore easy to place the camera without being annoyed with his hands. On the workbench should only be present the material used at the precise step. This permits not to be visually polluted. ''' 4 - Scenes''' "Dissect steps" : Film one scene per step, if possible. - Vary short and large scenes to air the video. - For explicative scenes (explanation of a step, of the context), prefer large scenes. - For active scenes (filming the action), prefer short scenes. - It is highly recommended to film two frames per action. - Head to foot framings are not recommended, prefer middle range frames or short frames. - When someone is speaking, do not "cut his head off" during framing. Let an empty space above him. - Avoid to place the person right in the center of the frame. Putting him on the side will bring dynamism to your scene. - Filming static scenes is highly recommended to avoir any shaking. - Put the camera on a tripod or on something static. ''' 5 - Focus''' For the focus, check whether the camera is on automatic or manual mode. - If it is on automatic, well check that the camera is focusing on the action and not on the person head. - If it is on manual, set the focus on the action before starting to film. ""Example"": "Here, I'm going to melt the white wire on the + pole...". We need here a close plane, we focus on the object to melt, and we check that our hands are not between the object and the camera when we film. ""Be careful"" : For tutos realized with smartphones, the difficulty is to realize static scenes. Put the phone on a stable, static place during the whole sequence. ''' 6 - Filming in order to edit the video''' - Don't tell yourself that mistakes can be rectified at video editing. - Avoid to film in black and white or vertically. - Launching the video recordings, let a dead time before action starts or discussion begins in order to facilitate video editing. - Make simple rushes for get an easy video edition. ''' 7 - Content''' The video content will tighly be linked to the written step by step. "Context video : (2 minutes)" - Present the low-tech and its economical, environmental, social or other interests. - Present an issue solved by the low-tech (problematic and solution) - Do not hesitate to start from a larger context to a local one, or even personal one. - It is important to choose with the speaker, what is going to be said. Le scene will be explicative, so prefer a large frame scene. - Add cut-scenes (action) for this part don't be only a monolog in front of the camera. Think as well to make action scenes "on the field", that will be in concordance with the context. "Fabrication video : (5-10 minutes)" Ask yourself which kind of video is preferable to realize. Notably when speaking of explanations : will they be voice-overed, lived, or subtitled ? - Beware of hands between the camera and the action. - Always keep in mind that everyone has to understand the action. For this, it can be interesting to explain : "I'm doing this action for this reason, with this material that I got at this place ..." - Do not forget to mention safety intructions. "Dissect the fabrication in several key-steps:" - The functioning: present the functioning principle of the low-tech - The material : materials and tools necessary for the fabrication - The fabrication : dissect every step, one scene for one action, and explain them precisely, speaking loud and articulating. - The use : scenes on its situation. - Advices : It is possible to finish the video giving some advices.e to finish the video giving some advices.)
Fonctionnement, entretien et régénération de batteries au plomb + ( *Une batterie au plomb est constituée par … *Une batterie au plomb est constituée par '''un ensemble d'accumulateurs'''. La tension nominale d'un accumulateur étant d'environ 2.1 V, une batterie de 12 V est constituée de 6 accumulateurs montés en série et reliés par des connexions en plomb soudées. Ces accumulateurs sont logés dans un bac en plastique, fermé par un couvercle scellé. *Chaque '''accumulateur''' est composé d'un '''ensemble de couples d'électrodes positives et négatives''' montés en parallèle. Au milieu de chaque couple est placé un '''séparateur'''. *Des '''séparateurs''' sont généralement des '''feuilles''' rectangulaires, intercalées entre les plaques positives et les plaques négatives, et possèdent des qualités remarquables: **isolant électrique parfait **très grande perméabilité aux ions porteurs de charges électriques **excellente tenue à l'acide sulfurique *Les '''électrodes''' sont composées d'une '''grille''' sur laquelle est déposée une matière active poreuse: du '''plomb (Pb) sur''' '''l'électrode négative''' et du '''dioxyde de plomb''' (PbO2) sur l''''électrode positive'''. La grille collecte le courant et sert aussi de support mécanique de la matière active. *'''L'électrolyte''' est une '''solution diluée d'acide sulfurique''' dans laquelle baigne les électrodes'''.''' Il peut être sous forme liquide, de gel ou absorbée dans des feutres en fibre de verre en fonction du type de batterie. e de verre en fonction du type de batterie. )
Tawashi + (Use your pencil and ruler to draw a square 12cmx12cm. Put 20 nails every 2 cm. With your hammer, firmly plant the nails into the board onto each of the 20 dots.)
Flower pot + (Using a cutter or scissors, cut the plastic bottle to the desired height for the pot. You can adjust the height according to the size of the plant you wish to place in it.)
Recycling shower + ( * Using the hole saws, install the plug i … * Using the hole saws, install the plug in the bottom of the tank and the overflow system at the maximum height of the tank. * Install the wall passageway on the lowest level of the tank * Perform a leak test * Connect the outlet of the plug/overfill to the sewer system * Remove the drain from the shower tray * Install the reserve under the shower tray by aligning the hole in the shower tray with the drain in the reserve. (it is interesting to leave the reserve accessible from one side for maintenance) * In order to be able to open or close the plug from the shower tray, adapt a rod, accessible by hand from the hole in the tray "Note: The tank is to be installed under the shower tray. According to the availability of each one: * Either, take down the actual shower tray, raise him with a structure and install the tank behind (This option can need works more or less important) * Or, use the actual shower tray to support the tank and install a second tray (From second-hand if possible) above, all thanks to a supporting structure above, all thanks to a supporting structure )
Electrically-assisted bicycle + (Video source : <u>https://www.youtub … Video source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nikYUAnj7F0 Dismantling the hoverboard will depend on the brand and type of hoverboard. The instructions and images that follow are general but there may be details that vary. First of all, you need to remove the plastic shell that encloses all the electronic components. '''Note:''' Be careful with any wires connected to the plastic shells, such as the charging wire. See image 1 a basic diagram of the inside of a hoverboard. Unplug the cables and mark where they are connected, using marked tape if possible. In particular, keep the charging cable to one side and mark where it is connected on the motherboard. Carefully remove the battery after disconnecting it from the motherboard and removing the wires from the central cylindrical area. Keep the battery (1) (see image 3) as it will be used to power the bike's electric assistance motor. '''Caution! ''' The battery is the most dangerous electronic component of the hoverboard. Any risk of impact, particularly with sharp objects, must be avoided. If the battery is damaged (tears, holes, etc.) or appears swollen, it must not be used, as there is a risk of explosion or flame. The motherboard is an important element to keep to enable the battery to be recharged. You need to locate the "Charging socket" (2) on the charging cable you put aside earlier. Next, remove the "Sensor" boards (see image 2) to gain access to the motor mountings. At least one of the blocks of 4 screws needs to be unscrewed with an Allen key to obtain the motorised wheel that will drive the bicycle wheel (see image 4). It is possible to keep the fixing system to make it easier to attach the wheel to the bike.e fixing system to make it easier to attach the wheel to the bike.)
Remorque vélo pour tous les jours + ( *Vissez avec 1 vis chacune les équerres a … *Vissez avec 1 vis chacune les équerres aux extrémités du bois de 20x60x400 *Visser les roues aux équerres et bien serrer les écrous (mettre du frein filet si possible sinon ce ne sera qu'une question de temps avant le déserrage, après 1000 km parcourus chez moi..) *Aligner les roues à l'aide du mètre: même distance entre les roues à l'avant et à l'arrière (cf- vidéo) *Visser 2 vis supplémentaires à travers chaque équerre une fois les roues bien alignées Pour les détails voir la vidéo ci-dessus ;) Pour les détails voir la vidéo ci-dessus ;) )
Remorque vélo pour tous les jours + ( *Vissez avec 1 vis chacune les équerres a … *Vissez avec 1 vis chacune les équerres aux extrémités du bois de 20x60x400 *Visser les roues aux équerres et bien serrer les écrous (mettre du frein filet si possible sinon ce ne sera qu'une question de temps avant le déserrage, après 1000 km parcourus chez moi..) *Aligner les roues à l'aide du mètre: même distance entre les roues à l'avant et à l'arrière (cf- vidéo) *Visser 2 vis supplémentaires à travers chaque équerre une fois les roues bien alignées Pour les détails voir la vidéo ci-dessus ;) Pour les détails voir la vidéo ci-dessus ;) )
Serveur orangepi-raspberry nextcloud en photovoltaïque autonome + (Voir images)
Small Recycled Bottle Boxes + (Wash and dry plastic bottles thoroughly.)
Simple powerbank + ( * Weld the '''-''' of lithium-ion battery … * Weld the '''-''' of lithium-ion battery holder to '''+''' of the charge / discharge module. * Proceed in the same way for the '''-'''. * Insert the cell in the "lithium-ion battery holder", respecting the '+' and '-' polarity (at risk of explosion of the cell). * Test the charge and discharge of the cell via usb / mini USB cables: a color code of blue LED (charged) and red (discharged) on the load module allows to know the state of the cell. odule allows to know the state of the cell. )
Ram pump + ( #When priming, water flowing into the inl … #When priming, water flowing into the inlet line flows into the weir through the primary valve. #The acceleration of the water causes the primary valve to close suddenly. #The water column is suddenly braked and generates an overpressure in the pump casing (water hammer), which opens the internal valve. #Under the effect of this overpressure, water flows into the balloon (and the discharge duct), compressing the air volume until the pressures are balanced. #The pressure reversal closes the internal valve. #The water trapped under pressure in the balloon empties into the discharge line until the pressures are balanced (determined by the height of the pipe). #The closing of the internal valve has caused the pressure to drop, so the primary valve opens again. A new cycle begins.... Without accident, this process is perpetually renewed as long as it is supplied with water. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsCaMW7L2yI Video explanations] com/watch?v=hsCaMW7L2yI Video explanations] )
Drain and toilet cleaner + ('''White vinegar''', otherwise known as sp … '''White vinegar''', otherwise known as spirit vinegar, crystal. It is a 100% natural and biodegradable product with a pH between 3.5 and 5 (acid) with approximately 12% alcohol obtained by macerating an aqueous solution of at least 6% acetic acid (often from beet ethanol). It evaporates naturally without risk (except for a slight and temporary irritation of the throat and eyes if you are in a small space). Cost: around 0.40€/L, prefer to buy in the food vinegar section (avoid the household section as it is often more expensive and flavoured). Properties: [https://planetezerodechet.fr/bienfaits-du-vinaigre-blanc-nettoyant-zero-dechet/ More info and G culture here] * Degreaser, * Deodoriser * Preservative (thanks to the acid pH), * Antiseptic, disinfectant, antiparasitic, antibacterial, antifungal (thanks to the acid pH) * Descaler / anti-scale (the acid reacts with the limestone to make it disappear in an acid-base reaction causing heat and CO2 bubbles), * Corrosive to limescale surfaces (can damage wood and plastic in high doses). '''Sodium bicarbonate''', otherwise known as sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, monosodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, soda, baking soda or natrum bicarbonatum. A fine white powder similar to table salt or talc with a pH of 8-8.5 (base). Made from limestone and salt, bicarbonate is naturally present in the body and is harmless to health. It does not emit fumes or evaporate. Properties: cleans, scours and deodorises. It dissolves grease and proteins responsible for stains. It prevents the proliferation of bacteria and softens hard water.

Be careful to use the correct type of bicarbonate for each use: for cosmetic use, use only food/cosmetic bicarbonate and for food use, use ONLY food grade bicarbonate

Concentration of vinegar [%]	Mass of vinegar [g]	Approximate volume of vinegar [mL]
6	415	415
8	315	315
10	250	250
12	210	210
14	180	180
16	155	155

Size	Maximum capacity	1- Pillow radius	2- Radius cutting	3- Radius interior	4- Centre radius Quantity of wool washed
'''1'''	3 Litres	17 cm	43 cm	35 cm	12 cm	0.9 to 1.2 kg
'''2'''	8 litres	21 cm	55 cm	45 cm	16 cm	1.9 to 2.3 kg
'''3'''	12 Litres	28 cm	55 cm	45 cm	16 cm	2.2 to 2.5 kg

Co-produit	Issu de	Taux d'humidité	Broyage
Marc de pomme	Pressage du jus de pomme ou cidre	Fort	Moulin
Drêches de brasserie	Brassage de la bière	Fort	Moulin ou Mixer
Pellicules de café	Torréfaction du café	Faible	Mixer
Marc de café	Préparation du café	Moyen	Non
Son de blé	Meunerie de la farine	Faible	Non
Feuilles de thé usagées	Préparation de thé (kombucha, thé glacé, salon de thé)	Fort	Moulin ou Mixer
Frasses d'insecte	Elevage d'insecte	Faible	Non
Pelures de patates	Friteries, légumeries	Moyen	Moulin ou Mixer
Laine de mouton	Tonte	Faible	Non

Concentration du vinaigre [%]	Masse de vinaigre [g]	Volume (approximatif) de vinaigre [mL]
6	415	415
8	315	315
10	250	250
12	210	210
14	180	180
16	155	155

Concentration du vinaigre [%]	Masse de vinaigre [g]	Volume (approximatif) de vinaigre [mL]
6	415	415
8	315	315
10	250	250
12	210	210
14	180	180
16	155	155

Environment by Food Type	Short-term Food Storage Environment				Climacteric Factor
Food Types	Cool, Humid and Dark	Dry, Ventilated, In Room Light	Dry, Ventilated, In the Dark	Other?	Ethylene Producer	Sensitive to Ethylene
Apricot		x			x	x
Garlic			x
Pineapple		x
Artichoke	x
Asparagus	x			Refrigerator Crisper
Eggplant		x				x
Avocado		x			x	x
Banana		x			x	x
Chard	x
Beet	x
Broccoli	x			Refrigerator Crisper		x
Carrot	x					x
Celery	x
Cherry	x	x
Mushroom	x
Cauliflower	x			Refrigerator Crisper		x
Cabbage	x
Lemon		x
Pumpkin		x
Clementine		x
Cucumber	x	x				x
Coriander, Cumin			x
Squash		x
Zucchini	x					x
Shallot			x
Endive	x			Refrigerator Crisper		x
Strawberry	x
Legumes (beans, lentils)			x
Seed Spices			x
Green Beans	x			Refrigerator Crisper		x
Kiwi		x				x
Mango		x
Melon			x		x	x
Blackberry			x
Turnip	x
Onion			x
Orange		x
Parsnip	x
Watermelon		x
Sweet Potato			x
Peach		x	x		x	x
Parsley, Chives, Mint, Fresh Coriander, Dill,				In a glass of water
Pear		x	x		x	x
Leek	x
Pepper		x			x	x
Pomelo		x
Apple			x		x	x
Potato			x
Plum		x	x		x	x
Radish	x
Grapes		x
Arugula	x
Lettuce	x					x
Tomato		x			x	x
Leftovers				Refrigerator
Dairy				Refrigerator
Meat and Fish				Refrigerator

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