Recherche par propriété

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Liste de résultats

• The Norwegian Kettle (Hay Box)  + ('''Note''': The small box must be at least … '''Note''': The small box must be at least 1 cm higher than the cooking pot and at least 4 cm wider or longer 1) Using either a wood saw or a jig saw cut the wooden planks using the measurements taken previously 2) Assemble the wooden planks using nails and a hammer '''Planks for the small box''' - 2 planks (1 cm taller than the cooking pot) x (4 cm longer than the cooking pot) -2 planks (1 cm taller than the cooking pot) x (4 cm wider than the cooking pot) - 1 or several planks (4 cm wider than the pot) x (4cm longer than the pot) than the pot) x (4cm longer than the pot))
• Pallet benches  + (<nowiki>To dismantle a pallet, take … To dismantle a pallet, take it slowly and don't force it, otherwise you risk damaging the boards. Place the crowbar in the gaps, and tap the crowbar with the sledgehammer so that it fits into the gap, repeating the process in different places until you feel the boards coming loose. Note that if you break the ends of some of the boards, it's not a big deal, as some of them will be cut off later.
  
  Follow the boning of the following pallets:
  
  * Start by removing planks 2 and 4 from the top.
  * Turn the pallet over and remove the blocks from boards 1, 3 and 5
  * Remove the boards attached to the blocks
  * Tap the nails on boards 1, 3 and 5 to remove them.
  * Similar method on this tutorial (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQnQkdUS3yo)ar method on this tutorial (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQnQkdUS3yo)</nowiki>)
• Sizing and making a photovoltaic tracker  + (<nowiki>We set two axis for our modu … We set two axis for our module:
  
  one axis Oz perpendicular to the module plane (vertical when the module is flat) and one axis Ox paralelle to the module plane (horizontal when the module is flat)
  
  Caractéristics of the module:
  
  mass: m=21,2 kg
  
  Length: L=1,8m
  
  Width: 1m
  
  Wikipedia theory tells us intertia moment along Oz axis is :
  
  Jdelta=1/12*m*L
  
  Jdelta=1/12*1,8*21,2=3,18Nm
  
  Nb: we suppose the module is a bar because here the rotation axis is the axis paralell to the plane of the rectangle formed by the module and not the perpendicular axis
  
  We now experimentally verify:
  
  Center the module on the plate lifter and put it horizontally
  
  verify there is no wind
  
  check the level on which the mast of the plate lifter is put
  
  fix a horizontal lanmark at the bottom of the module
  
  set a 500g mass at the extremity of the module
  
  measure the distance between the position at equilibrium and the position with the mass
  
  We have:
  
  Jdelta=d*F
  
  with d distance in meter to the axis of rotation
  
  F force applied to the solid (here mg with m solid mass in kg and g gravitational constant)
  
  We then have
  
  Jdelta=0,9*0,5*9,8=4,41Nm
  
  We measure the rotation: in our case, the distance of rotation at the extremity of the module varies between 3 and 10cm. The important variations
  
  are due to frictions on the axis that can force or slide more freely
  
  The order of magnitude of the inertia momen is verified
  
  For the moment of inertia along axis Ox, it is more difficult to verify experimentally, because the axise of the plate lifter doesnt allow
  
  to have a position at equilibrium with the module mass (which will finish on the stop under its own weight)
  
  Therefore, we will accept the theory:
  
  The theory says
  
  Jdelta=1/12*m(b²+c²) with m mass of the module, b lenght of the short side of the module and c length of the long side of the module
  
  Jdelta=1/12*21,2*(1,8²+1²)=7,49NM
  
  This theoretical result is strongly lower than the weigth of the module, so we will size based on the necessary force to lift the weigth of the module (the axis being submitted to the weight):
  
  F=mg=21,2*9,8
  
  In order of magnitude 200Nm (1m of lever arm in order of magnitude)
  
  We have now the caracteristics to size the engines of our module along two rotation axis
  
  But the trackers have a consequent wind exposure
  
  If we want to take into account the resistance to the wind, we must measure the force applied to the module according to wind speed:
  
  Fp=1/2*ρ*v²*S*Cp
  
  With ρ air density equal to 1,2 kg/m3 in order of magnitude for standard temperature and pressure conditions
  
  v wind speed in m/s
  
  S object surface in m²
  
  Cp pressure coefficient without dimension égal to 2 for a rectangular metal plate
  
  We have:
  
  Fp=1/2*1,2*1,8*2*v²=2,16*v²
  
  Chatgpt can give us the abacus of wind speeds in km/h and their conversions in m/2 and the generic name in meteorology
  
  Calm: Less than 1 km/h (Less than 0.3 m/s)
  
  Very light breeze: 1-5 km/h (0.3-1.5 m/s)
  
  Light breeze: 6-11 km/h (1.6-3.0 m/s)
  
  Gentle breeze: 12-19 km/h (3.4-5.4 m/s)
  
  Moderate breeze: 20-28 km/h (5.5-7.9 m/s)
  
  Fresh breeze: 29-38 km/h (8.0-10.7 m/s)
  
  Strong breeze: 39-49 km/h (10.8-13.8 m/s)
  
  Moderate wind: 50-61 km/h (13.9-16.9 m/s)
  
  Near gale: 62-74 km/h (17.2-20.6 m/s)
  
  Gale: 75-88 km/h (20.8-24.4 m/s)
  
  Strong gale: 89-102 km/h (24.7-28.3 m/s)
  
  Storm: 103-117 km/h (28.6-32.5 m/s)
  
  Hurricane: At least 118 km/h (At least 32.8 m/s)
  
  So we have a Force Fp that can vary from
  
  An order of magnitude of 20N for a ligth breeze
  
  to
  
  An order of magnitude of 2000N for a storm
  
  (NB: the gravity force of 1kg is approximately 10N so the force of 2000N corresponds in order of magnitude to the gravity force of 200kg).
  
  The inertia moments on the axis are of the same order of magnitude (20Nm and 2000Nm) because the dimensions of the module are an order of magnitude of 1 m
  
  If you want to build a tracker that can resist to storm conditions, it is advised to size the tracker consequently
  
  On the one hand with sufficient ties in the ground, and on the other hand with an adapted frame -see caravan tips at the end of this stage-, and deactivate
  
  when there are stronger winds.)
  
  Wind resistance sizing is one of the reasons trackers are expensive et less generalized than standard photovoltaic installations
  
  The step motors and servomotors that have an adequate torke to resist to important winds are expensive, et that can be understandable for motors designed for step precision
  
  (For example here: https://www.distrelec.fr/fr/automatisation/moteurs-et-entrainements/moteurs-pas-pas-et-servocommandes/c/cat-L3D_525513 )
  
  For hydraulic cylinders, the driving force is generally in orders of magnitude fitting to resist to storms.
  
  For our low-tech tutorial, we know that core drilling machines have torque in an order of magnitude fitting to resist to storms (1W corresponds to 1 N multiplying 1 meter per second, so a core drilling machine of 2000W should have an adequate torque of more or less 2000Nm).
  
  After verification on the technical caracteristics of drills, impact screwdriver, and after a manual verification of resistances (brake,clutch) when the engine is not powered, this type of engine doesnt fit.
  
  To size a resistance to winds between the storm and hurricane we will proceed differently:
  
  We find on aliexpress a affordable prices (70€) step motors or endless screw motors with torque in an order of magnitude of 20Nm(200kgcm). We will use thi engine with two reductors 1:10 to get a resisting torque of 2000Nm.
  
  Recall: the torque expressed in Nm is a rotation force produced by the motor that can be computed with the same principle of the inertia moment: the force in newton x the distance to the rotation axis
  
  Belt or chain transmission permit to reduce this torque, and that can be calculated very easily
  
  C1=(R1/R2)*C2
  
  With C1 torque on pulley 1
  
  R1 pulley 1 radius
  
  C2 torque on pulley 2
  
  R2 pulley 2 radius
  
  The radius is directly proportional to the number of teeth of a gear wheel (a bike cog or a motorcycle cog for example), we can easily calculate the transmission reduction by dividing the number of teeth of the big cog by the number of teeth of the little cog (verify they have the same teeth standards)
  
  Therefore a transmission 80 teeth/10 teeth (80T/10T) will produce a reduction of 1:8, like here on amazon for an electric bike ("Keenso Kit Chaîne et Pignon 80T 25H 34mm 3 Trous Pignon 10T H Trou Chaîne Pignon 146 Maillons Chaîne") for 30€.
  
  We will notice that a standard bike transmission have a maximum transmission reduction of 50 teeth/11 teeth so a reduction of 1:5, which is not enough for efficient reduction witouth multiplying pulleys
  
  It is difficult to find transmissions with reduction of 1:10, but we find some on aliexpress and we will easily adapt a bicycle drive on which we will weld cogs, which will allow us a reduction of 1:100 with only one axis added in addition to the principal axis and the engine axis
  
  So we will use an engine step motor or an endless screw engine (resistance unpowered test at reception) commanded by a raspberry pi (but the plate lifter has wheels, so we will take the precaution to put away the tracker when there's a storm ;))
  
  Carvan tips: to size the width of the metal frame, modern norms dont seem to be really made on scientific basis but on commercial basis. We will therefore measure the width of old material (made in the 70s). For example, the frame of this old caravan accredited on its registration document for a 750kg weigth has a metal frame of 5mm width. On can then make a rule of 3 to verify the width of our frame fits.
  
  This is rustic style (strenght of material calculs is rigorous and complex), but it allows to have a firest approximation "a visto de nas" as we say in gascon
  
  
  tor or an endless screw engine (resistance unpowered test at reception) commanded by a raspberry pi (but the plate lifter has wheels, so we will take the precaution to put away the tracker when there's a storm ;))<br /><br />Carvan tips: to size the width of the metal frame, modern norms dont seem to be really made on scientific basis but on commercial basis. We will therefore measure the width of old material (made in the 70s). For example, the frame of this old caravan accredited on its registration document for a 750kg weigth has a metal frame of 5mm width. On can then make a rule of 3 to verify the width of our frame fits.<br /><br />This is rustic style (strenght of material calculs is rigorous and complex), but it allows to have a firest approximation "a visto de nas" as we say in gascon<br/><br /><br/></nowiki>)
• Machine à pédalier pour moulin à grain  + ('''Objectif''' Construire une base robust … '''Objectif''' Construire une base robuste mais démontable, et y fixer le vélo. '''Déroulé''' *Découper les segments suivants: -2*A+B-E (longueur) -2*3L (largeur) -1*L (traverse) -1*L+2E (traverse haute) -2*1.5H (Portants arrière) -1*H (portant milieu) -2*D+2H (Portants avant *Placer les deux segments de longueur, et les deux segments de largeur à leur extrémité. Ecarter les deux segments de longueur d'une distance L, on peut pour cela utiliser la traverse. S'assurer de leur perpendicularité, puis les souder entre eux. ''NOTE: Si l'on décide de faire le cadre en bois, on pourra utiliser une grande planche pour faire toute la base. Autrement, lire visser et mettre des équerres à chaque fois que l'on parle de soudure.'' *Trouer les tenants avant en leur milieu, le plus précisément possible, de sorte à ce que les trous soient exactement alignés lorsque les tenants sont posés. Y fixer les roulements à billes (attention si le trou n'est pas au milieu, à fixer les roulements à billes du bon côté du segment, vers l'intérieur). Si le cadre est en métal, souder la partie extérieure du roulement sur le segment. S'il est en bois, le rentrer par encastrement. *Placer le portant avant du côté long de la tige sur le cadre, comme sur la photo ci-contre. S'assurer qu'il est bien vertical, et que l'axe est bien parallèle à la base. Le souder. *Placer la roue et le deuxième tenant, sans le souder. Placer le cadre du vélo de sorte que le pédalier soit aligné avec les pignons de la roue. Prendre des marques avec les portants arrière, du milieu et avec la traverse, de sorte que les portants arrière soient collés à l'axe de la fourche arrière, et que le portant du milieu puisse se loger dans la petite encoche derrière le pédalier, en étant posé sur la traverse. S'assurer que la roue ne touche pas le cadre. *Préparer le portant du milieu. Si le cadre est en bois, on pourra le tailler pour qu'il s'emboîte avec l'encoche derrière le pédalier. S'il est en métal, on soudera à son extrémité une plaque de métal sur laquelle on a préalablement fixé un boulon, de sorte qu'il suffira de visser l'écrou pour tenir le cadre. *Souder la traverse, et le portant du milieu par-dessus. Y fixer le cadre du vélo. *Trouer les portants arrière au niveau de l'axe de la fourche arrière. Souder les tenants arrière à la base. Passer un boulon dans chaque tenant, et le serrer sur la fourche arrière. *Placer la roue, et le second tenant avant. Si le cadre est en bois, visser le second tenant. Autrement, couper une petite longueur de barre métallique, et la poser contre le tenant, côté extérieur. Percer deux trous au travers du tout, de sorte à pouvoir y passer un boulon. Souder la petite barre à l'endroit défini. Cette opération nous permettra de démonter si besoin la roue, en enlevant les boulons. Fixer le tenant pour l'instant. *Au sommet de chaque tenant avant, souder une petite plaque percée d'un boulon soudé. Percer la traverse supérieure, de sorte qu'elle puisse joindre les tenants et les solidariser. La fixer. les tenants et les solidariser. La fixer.)
• Machine à pédalier pour moulin à grain  + ('''Objectif''' Construire une base robust … '''Objectif''' Construire une base robuste mais démontable, et y fixer le vélo. '''Déroulé''' *Découper les segments suivants: -2*A+B-E (longueur) -2*3L (largeur) -1*L (traverse) -1*L+2E (traverse haute) -2*1.5H (Portants arrière) -1*H (portant milieu) -2*D+2H (Portants avant *Placer les deux segments de longueur, et les deux segments de largeur à leur extrémité. Ecarter les deux segments de longueur d'une distance L, on peut pour cela utiliser la traverse. S'assurer de leur perpendicularité, puis les souder entre eux. ''NOTE: Si l'on décide de faire le cadre en bois, on pourra utiliser une grande planche pour faire toute la base. Autrement, lire visser et mettre des équerres à chaque fois que l'on parle de soudure.'' *Trouer les tenants avant en leur milieu, le plus précisément possible, de sorte à ce que les trous soient exactement alignés lorsque les tenants sont posés. Y fixer les roulements à billes (attention si le trou n'est pas au milieu, à fixer les roulements à billes du bon côté du segment, vers l'intérieur). Si le cadre est en métal, souder la partie extérieure du roulement sur le segment. S'il est en bois, le rentrer par encastrement. *Placer le portant avant du côté long de la tige sur le cadre, comme sur la photo ci-contre. S'assurer qu'il est bien vertical, et que l'axe est bien parallèle à la base. Le souder. *Placer la roue et le deuxième tenant, sans le souder. Placer le cadre du vélo de sorte que le pédalier soit aligné avec les pignons de la roue. Prendre des marques avec les portants arrière, du milieu et avec la traverse, de sorte que les portants arrière soient collés à l'axe de la fourche arrière, et que le portant du milieu puisse se loger dans la petite encoche derrière le pédalier, en étant posé sur la traverse. S'assurer que la roue ne touche pas le cadre. *Préparer le portant du milieu. Si le cadre est en bois, on pourra le tailler pour qu'il s'emboîte avec l'encoche derrière le pédalier. S'il est en métal, on soudera à son extrémité une plaque de métal sur laquelle on a préalablement fixé un boulon, de sorte qu'il suffira de visser l'écrou pour tenir le cadre. *Souder la traverse, et le portant du milieu par-dessus. Y fixer le cadre du vélo. *Trouer les portants arrière au niveau de l'axe de la fourche arrière. Souder les tenants arrière à la base. Passer un boulon dans chaque tenant, et le serrer sur la fourche arrière. *Placer la roue, et le second tenant avant. Si le cadre est en bois, visser le second tenant. Autrement, couper une petite longueur de barre métallique, et la poser contre le tenant, côté extérieur. Percer deux trous au travers du tout, de sorte à pouvoir y passer un boulon. Souder la petite barre à l'endroit défini. Cette opération nous permettra de démonter si besoin la roue, en enlevant les boulons. Fixer le tenant pour l'instant. *Au sommet de chaque tenant avant, souder une petite plaque percée d'un boulon soudé. Percer la traverse supérieure, de sorte qu'elle puisse joindre les tenants et les solidariser. La fixer. les tenants et les solidariser. La fixer.)
• Ash detergent  + (Once the ash has been collected, take the … Once the ash has been collected, take the time to screen it over a bucket to eliminate anything that is not ash and could float ( charcoal, wood) or sink ( metal from the crates etc). Be careful, the fine dust from the ash can irritate the eyes and lungs. You can wear a mask and goggles if you feel uncomfortable. For your own comfort, try to stand outside in a place sheltered from the wind.utside in a place sheltered from the wind.)
• Cultivation of oyster mushrooms  + ( *Open the sterilized bottles to inoculate … *Open the sterilized bottles to inoculate them with your mother spawn, rich in mycelium, delicate passage because it is necessary to be fast enough to limit the risks of contamination during the opening of the bottles. It is important to work in a sterile environment during this operation (clean hands, clean clothes, etc...). *Using tweezers previously sterilized in rubbing alcohol, place the ends of cardboard boxes covered with mycelium on the substrate of your bottles. *Close the bottles immediately and put them in your incubator at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light. *Using tweezers previously sterilized in alcohol at 70°C, place the ends of cardboard boxes covered with mycelium on the substrate of your bottles. *Close the bottles immediately and put them in your incubator at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light. at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light. )
• Passive speaker  + (In order to carry out these tests in the b … In order to carry out these tests in the best possible conditions, you need to go to a place that is as quiet as possible (this helps to avoid unwanted noise). The microphone and loudspeaker to be tested should then be placed on a stable surface with a constant distance between them. We then play white noise from the loudspeaker, which will be recorded on audacity. The analysis -> plot spectrum option will show the distortions in the sound and allow you to compare the different speakers. allow you to compare the different speakers.)
• Hydroponics  + (In order to gain in autonomy, it is possib … In order to gain in autonomy, it is possible to install a timer system thanks to a programmable electrical socket or an arduino allowing to program the starting of the pump and the bubbler. * Indeed, for a better development of the plants, it is advisable to proceed to a regular watering alternated with dry breaks. This water stress will strengthen the roots. For this purpose, we recommend that the pump be switched on for 30 minutes every 2 hours during the day. No watering at night. * The biofilter needs to be aerated regularly for good growth and survival of bacteria. '''We recommend lighting the bubbler for 1 minute every 5 minutes, 24 hours a day.''' '''Arduino control system: ''' [[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]]
  [[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]] <br/>)
• Coffee sticks  + (To plug the bottom of the gun :)
• Estimation d'une volume d'eau récupérable par une toiture et changements climatiques  + (Pour connaître les volumes d'eau mois par … Pour connaître les volumes d'eau mois par mois qu'une toiture peut potentiellement permettre de récupérer, il va nous falloir deux informations : - la superficie de votre toiture - les données relatives aux précipitations spécifiques à votre commune Le ''volume d'eau de pluie potentiellement récupérable, sur un mois'', est théoriquement obtenu en multipliant la ''pluviométrie du mois en question et la'' ''surface de votre toiture''. #'''Mesurez la superficie de votre toiture (exemple : garage, maison, etc) en m²''' ##Rendez-vous sur le site gratuit https://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/ ##Renseignez votre adresse (dans le cas où le site ne connaît pas votre adresse renseignez le nom de votre commune et localisez le bâtiment pour lequel vous souhaitez faire l'estimation) ##Une fois votre maison localisée, mesurez la surface de votre toiture grâce à l'outil "''Mesurer une surface''" (voir photos ci-contre). L'outil est accessible en cliquant sur le symbole "''Outil''", rubrique "''Mesures''", ligne "''Mesurer une surface''". ##Notez la superficie de votre toiture, en m². ##Quelques astuces et notes : ##*Exemple en images (ci-contre) : visualisation de la superficie d'une toiture sur la commune d'Arbois (Jura) ##*La superficie de la toiture utilisée pour le calcul est la superficie équivalente au sol (surface sur laquelle tombe l'eau de pluie) et non la superficie de la toiture en pente. Que votre toiture soit très inclinée ou faiblement inclinée, d'un point de vue récupération d'eaux de pluie, la surface reste la même. ##*si la toiture est composée par deux ou plusieurs parties qui déversent les eaux pluviales dans des gouttières différentes et en fonction de vos projets : il peut être intéressant de faire les calculs pour chaque partie de toiture. #'''Notez, pour chaque mois, le nombre de mm de pluie "habituel" qui tombe sur votre commune (précipitations)''' ##Rendez-vous sur le site gratuit [https://fr.climate-data.org/ https://fr.climate-data.org] ##Dans l'onglet "''Recherche''" (icône recherche, couleur verte) indiquez votre commune et validez votre saisie ##Rendez vous à la rubrique "Tableau climatique"dans laquelle les précipitations mensuelles sont indiquées ##Notez, pour chaque mois de l'année, le nombre de mm de pluie indiqué. Il s'agit de la ligne "''Précipitations (mm)''" ##Quelques astuces et notes : ##*Exemple en images (ci-contre) : visualisation des données pour la commune d'Arbois ##*Les données auxquelles vous accédez sont des mesures moyennes basées sur le passé. Il n'a jamais exactement plu ce qui est indiqué, car certaines années étaient beaucoup plus sèches et d'autres plus humides. Les données utilisées sont des moyennes. S'il est par exemple indiqué pour le mois de juillet qu'il y a 75mm de précipitations, cela ne signifie pas qu'il a plu 75mm chaque année. Sur un intervalle de 5 ans, il est habituel de dire qu'il y a eu au moins une année sèche, et une année humide. Autrement dit il se peut qu'il n'ait que plu 25mm certaines années, et 125mm d'autres. ##*Les données auxquelles vous accédez sont des mesures moyennes basées sur le passé. A l'étape 4 nous verrons comment prendre en compte les changements climatiques. ##*L'astuce de Laurent Levier du groupe Low-Tech Lab : pour avoir des données encore plus précises il est possible de se rendre sur le site https://weathermap.netatmo.com/. Sur ce site sont accessibles des capteurs de pluie de maisons particulières (cliquez sur l’icône pluie). Cela peut peut fournir une position aux précipitations avec un historique de 3 mois ! #'''Sur la base de ces deux informations, calculez les volumes d'eau de pluie théoriquement récupérables grâce à votre toiture :''' ##Réalisez un tableau simple présentant, mois par mois, les précipitations (en m) et multipliez par la superficie de votre toiture (en m2). ##Notez les résultats. multipliez par la superficie de votre toiture (en m2). ##Notez les résultats.)
• Micro-gasifier Cooking Stove  + (- Put tin can (2) into the large tin can (1) as shown in the diagram. - Place tin can (3) on top of the two other tin cans which have been nested one inside the other. - The pyrolytic stove is now ready for you to use !)
• Pedaleiro multifuncção  + ( *Récupérer le moyeu de la roue avant (qui … *Récupérer le moyeu de la roue avant (qui n'est pas utilisée) et enlever tous les rayons. *Fixer une poulie de part et d'autre du moyeu. La poulie de transmission 1 sera entraînée par une courroie reliée à la roue de vélo, et la poulie de transmission 2 entraînera l'outil souhaité à l'aide d'une seconde courroie. *Fixer solidement le moyeu sur un bloc de bois à l'aide de pontets. Ce bloc de bois sera ultérieurement fixé à la table. e bois sera ultérieurement fixé à la table. )
• Solar water heater  + (Refrigerators are numerous in waste collec … Refrigerators are numerous in waste collection centres, it is necessary to identify those which have the adequate grids (see Preface - Grid) and of the largest possible dimension. Pinching the pipes at the outlet of the compressor will limit the exhaust of refrigerant gases. Cut the pipes as close as possible to the compressor to ensure maximum length with the grid. Unscrew the grid. Wash the grid with soapy water. Blow a blower into the pipes to remove impurities. Seal the pipes with tape to prevent impurities from getting into them, as they may have a small diameter and become obstructed.ve a small diameter and become obstructed.)
• Pédalier multifonction  + ( *Retirer le pneu de la roue arrière. *Cou … *Retirer le pneu de la roue arrière. *Couper le cadre du vélo et enlever les éléments inutiles (cf schéma). Dans notre cas c'était un vélo à plusieurs vitesses, mais pour simplifier nous avons décidé de toujours rester sur la vitesse maximale (grand plateau petit pignon). Nous avons laissé les pignons et plateaux mais nous avons démonté l'organe qui permet le changement de plateau et nous avons coupé le cable qui permet de changer de pignon. *Fixer le cadre du vélo au sol. Dans notre cas,nous avons fixé le guidon du vélo de base dans le tube de la selle pour donner de la stabilité latérale, et un tube du cadre a été encastré dans un tube fixé au sol. A chacun d'adapter en fonction des pièces disponibles et du type de vélo.
  Veillez à ce que le cadre du vélo soit parfaitement fixé au sol et placé le dans un endroit bien aéré pour rafraîchir le cycliste.
  *Installer une assise confortable et à bonne distance du pédalier. Nous avons opté pour un siège avec dossier, et non une selle, car le bassin du cycliste n'a pas besoin de bouger comme sur un vélo normal. La distance entre le pédalier et l'assise doit permettre d'avoir la jambe dépliée à chaque tour de pédale, et les mains du cycliste doivent pouvoir manipuler aisément les outils qui seront entraînés par le pédalier (blender, machine à coudre, perceuse, etc.). es outils qui seront entraînés par le pédalier (blender, machine à coudre, perceuse, etc.). )
• Multifunktionspedal  + ( *Retirer le pneu de la roue arrière. *Cou … *Retirer le pneu de la roue arrière. *Couper le cadre du vélo et enlever les éléments inutiles (cf schéma). Dans notre cas c'était un vélo à plusieurs vitesses, mais pour simplifier nous avons décidé de toujours rester sur la vitesse maximale (grand plateau petit pignon). Nous avons laissé les pignons et plateaux mais nous avons démonté l'organe qui permet le changement de plateau et nous avons coupé le cable qui permet de changer de pignon. *Fixer le cadre du vélo au sol. Dans notre cas,nous avons fixé le guidon du vélo de base dans le tube de la selle pour donner de la stabilité latérale, et un tube du cadre a été encastré dans un tube fixé au sol. A chacun d'adapter en fonction des pièces disponibles et du type de vélo.
  Veillez à ce que le cadre du vélo soit parfaitement fixé au sol et placé le dans un endroit bien aéré pour rafraîchir le cycliste.
  *Installer une assise confortable et à bonne distance du pédalier. Nous avons opté pour un siège avec dossier, et non une selle, car le bassin du cycliste n'a pas besoin de bouger comme sur un vélo normal. La distance entre le pédalier et l'assise doit permettre d'avoir la jambe dépliée à chaque tour de pédale, et les mains du cycliste doivent pouvoir manipuler aisément les outils qui seront entraînés par le pédalier (blender, machine à coudre, perceuse, etc.). es outils qui seront entraînés par le pédalier (blender, machine à coudre, perceuse, etc.). )
• Multifunctional Crankset  + ( *Salvage the hub of the front wheel (whic … *Salvage the hub of the front wheel (which is not used) and remove all spokes. *Attach a pulley on either side of the hub. Transmission pulley 1 will be driven by a belt connected to the bike wheel, and transmission pulley 2 will power the desired tool with a second belt. *Secure the hub on a block of wood with the eye straps. This block of wood will later be attached to the table. f wood will later be attached to the table. )
• Hand washing machine  + (Saw off the top of the bucket/barrel that will make up bucket n1 (black): the washing machine drum. Saw off the second bucket/barrel (Bucket 2 - Yellow) to allow the drum to fit inside the second seal. For a better finish, sand the cut ends.)
• Machine à laver à la main  + (Scier le haut du seau/baril qui constituer … Scier le haut du seau/baril qui constituera le seau n1 (noir) : le tambour de la machine à laver. Scier le second seau/baril (Seau 2 - Jaune) afin de permettre de faire rentrer le tambour à l'intérieur du second sceau. Pour une meilleure finition, poncer aux extrémités découpées.finition, poncer aux extrémités découpées.)
• Machine à laver à main  + (Scier le haut du seau/baril qui constituer … Scier le haut du seau/baril qui constituera le seau n1 (noir) : le tambour de la machine à laver. Scier le second seau/baril (Seau 2 - Jaune) afin de permettre de faire rentrer le tambour à l'intérieur du second sceau. Pour une meilleure finition, poncer aux extrémités découpées.finition, poncer aux extrémités découpées.)
• Ash and animal fat soap  + (A soap is normally composed of a fatty aci … A soap is normally composed of a fatty acid (here animal fat) and a basic agent (high pH) such as soda or potash (here made from ash). These two compounds create a saponification reaction that creates soap. The Chemical Process Saponification is the reaction of a fatty substance with hydroxide ions (provided by an alkali such as potash or soda) to give a carboxylate ion (soap) and glycerol (also called glycerin). Soaps are therefore mixtures of carboxylate ions and metal cations (sodium or potassium ions). The carboxylate ion is a surface-active agent that lowers the surface tension of water: it is a detergent. It ensures washing thanks to 4 qualities : The wetting power: soapy water can penetrate the small interstices of the surface in contact (cloth, skin, table, plate...) more effectively than water ; Emulsifying power: the carboxylate ions agglutinate around the dirt and penetrate between it and the surface in contact until they isolate the dirt from this surface. They form micelles containing small particles of dirt. Carboxylate ions have a lipophilic end and are therefore particularly effective against fatty substances; The dispersing power: due to the properties of the carboxylate ions and the structure of the micelles, they repel each other and are therefore dispersed in soapy water; Foaming power: a film of carboxylate ions is formed on the surface of water with low surface tension. By agitating the soapy water, air bubbles can then be trapped. The foam does not intervene as such in the washing but is an indicator of the surface tension of the liquid and thus of its detergent power.he liquid and thus of its detergent power.)
• Dishwashing detergent  + ( *'''Sodium bicarbonate''' : acts as a cle … *'''Sodium bicarbonate''' : acts as a cleaner, scourer and deodoriser. It dissolves the fats and proteins responsible for stains and reinforces the action of homemade washing-up liquid. It prevents the proliferation of bacteria and softens hard water. Made from limestone and salt, bicarbonate is naturally present in the body and is harmless to health. It gives off no fumes and does not evaporate. Price ~3-4 euros/kg *'''Soda crystals''' or '''sodium carbonate''' : Used for its degreasing and disinfecting action. They are a chemical element obtained naturally from natron deposits, but which we now know how to make from salt and chalk. Expect to pay ~3-4 euros/kg.
  Do not confuse with caustic soda (or sodium hydroxide), which is a dangerous element that can cause severe burns and irritation to humans
  Soda crystals are still irritating to the skin and eyes. We advise you to handle it with a spoon and not to breathe its fumes
  . *'''Sodium percarbonate''' : An effective, non-toxic, biodegradable stain remover made from water, salt and chalk. It breaks down in water to produce '''hydrogen peroxide''' and sodium carbonate. Count ~5-7euros /kg
  It is only active above 40°C
  *'''White vinegar:''' A cleaning product with a wide range of properties, we use it here for its descaling and disinfecting properties. Count ~1euro/ *'''Savon de Marseille''' : In block C.ompter ~10 euros/kg. Be careful to choose [https://www.lecurionaute.fr/enquete-guide-achat-trouver-vrai-veritable-savon-de-marseille-test-conseils/ real Marseille soap], only 4 companies make the original ‘Savon de Marseille’. *'''Black soap''': in liquid concentrate €8.5/L. It complements Marseille soap for its effectiveness against grease and burns. Highly degreasing, it can damage hands if not diluted. *'''Citric acid:''' 100% natural, made from molasses (sugar cane fermentation) and a microscopic fungus. Totally biodegradable, it acts as an anti-scale agent that removes limescale, cleans and dissolves white deposits. It's also a fantastic antioxidant. ugar cane fermentation) and a microscopic fungus. Totally biodegradable, it acts as an anti-scale agent that removes limescale, cleans and dissolves white deposits. It's also a fantastic antioxidant. )
• Autonomous solar watermaker  + (1 Solar concentrator 1.1 Frame 1.2 M … 1 Solar concentrator 1.1 Frame 1.2 Main reflector 1.2.1 Support for main reflector 1.2.2 Mirrors 1.3 Secondary reflector 1.3.1 Support for secondary reflector 1.3.2 Secondary reflector and copper pipe 2 Watermaker 2.1 Evaporation tank 2.1.1 Frame 2.1.2 Stages 2.1.3 Copper pipe 2.2 Condensation tank 2.2.1 Frame 2.2.2 Copper pipes 2.2.2.1 Copper condensing coil 2.2.2.2 Copper water inlet pipe 2.2.2.3 Copper water outlet pipe 2.2.3 Cover 3 Total circuit 3.1 Circuit closing pipes4 3.2 Pump 3.1 Circuit closing pipes4 3.2 Pump)
• Salt preservation method applied in Rwanda  + (Some pre-harvest foodstuffs require pre-processing (for meat, fish ...))
• Low-tech mattresses  + (Stretching the tarpaulin over a table Place several layers of bubble wrap* to form a compact rectangle. Bubble wrap can be replaced by different materials such as blankets, but bubble wrap is water-resistant and very light.)
• Cuiseur micro gazéificateur  + (1 - Sur le fond de la boite (2), marquez l … 1 - Sur le fond de la boite (2), marquez l'emplacement d'une quinzaine de trous répartis sur toute la surface. En partie haute de la boite (2), marquez l'emplacement d'une dizaine de trous, répartis équitablement tout autour de la boite. 2 - Percez ensuite aux emplacements marqués avec une mèche de 7 mm (ou avec le marteau et le clou).e de 7 mm (ou avec le marteau et le clou).)
• Rideaux coupe-froid  + ( *Sur le tissu prévu pour l'extérieur (côt … *Sur le tissu prévu pour l'extérieur (côté fenêtre), rabattre la bande prévue pour l'ourlet sur la couverture de survie. N'hésitez pas à faire une fente diagonale dans les angles pour un résultat plus fin. *Epinglez les deux épaisseurs entre elles. *Posez par dessus le tissu côté intérieur de la même façon en rabattant la bande pour les ourlets à l'intérieur, de manière à ce que la couverture de survie soit prise en "sandwich" entre vos tissus et demeure ainsi invisible.
  Attention ! Certaines couvertures de survie ont un endroit et un envers selon le chaud et le froid... Veillez à adapter la pose du tissu en conséquence !
  
  
  .. Veillez à adapter la pose du tissu en conséquence !</div> </div><br/> <br/> )
• Solar Oven (box-type oven)  + (1) Take the [[:Fichier:Plans cuiseur solaire.jpg|plans de la boîte]] … 1) Take the [[:Fichier:Plans cuiseur solaire.jpg|plans de la boîte]] , the plywood panels and the tape measure 2) Copy the dimensions of the side A on one of the panels with a ruler. 3) Use the protractor to create an angle of 60° and another one of 30° as shown on the schema. 4) Fix the panel on the working table with the clamp. 5) Protect the ears and the eyes 6) Cut following the drawings with the jigsaw. 7) Copy the dimensions of the schema on the second panel to realize the side B. 8) Cut the second panel 9) Draw, cut the panels C, D and E '''Comment''': if at the cutting of the panels, the borders of the plywood panel contains thorns, it can be useful to sand the borders with sandpaper. The panels being voluntary thin, it is necessary to fix on the panels A and B the sticks that will be used as support to screw the panels C, D and E. The sticks will be, in ideal, of the same thickness of the isolator. Cut the sticks 1) Take the sticks and draw the desired dimensions 2) Fix the sticks on the clamping and cut with a saw. Fix the stick to the panels 3) Position one of the stick and use the clamp to maintain the whole 4) Return the panel and screw with a screw (two screws per stick is enough). '''Comment''': Keep in mind to keep the thickness of a panel between the end of the panel and the stick (it is at this place that the panels C, D and E will come). 1) Screw the panels C, D and E on the sticks, 3 screws are enough. We obtain so the inside of the box. The isolator will be added and then the inside box will be covered with reflectings. '''Comment''': To screw, it is sometime judicious to pre-screw with a drill or a broach.ous to pre-screw with a drill or a broach.)
• Tent heating stove  + (Take the pipe diameter 20cm and cut it. 20Cm high. Cut a small opening 5x5cm at the bottom of the pipe. Cut a piece of metal sheet, same shape of the pipe, you can mark it before cutting. . Weld it at the bottom of your stove, same side of your opening.)
• Manual Pump (vertical)  + (The aim of this step is to check the equip … The aim of this step is to check the equipment is in order without gluing the components together. Slot the components together as per the following diagram: You can even check if it is working or not. For best results: the areas circled in blue must be as short as possible.cled in blue must be as short as possible.)
• The organic filter  + (1) The earthworm composter 2) The organic filter 3) The organic filter reservoir (Container and Pump))
• Coco soap  + (The first step is to extract the coconut o … The first step is to extract the coconut oil from ripe coconut (brown nuts). Here is the procedure: * Open the coconut * Scrape the pulp with a scraper if you do not have a mixer-blender. If you own a blender you can detach the pulp from the shell roughly and mix everything. * Put the resulting coconut crumbs in a container, cover with hot water and mix well. If you use a blender you can directly cover with hot water and mix. * Place a clean towel over a second container and filter the resulting coconut milk. press the cloth tightly to obtain as much filtrate as possible. * Place the coconut milk obtained in a plastic bottle and allow to settle until two distinct phases are obtained. We find the coconut cream above and the water below. Drill a small hole in the bottom of the bottle to let the water escape and plug the hole to keep the cream. * Pour the cream into a pan and cook over medium heat, stirring. Burnished cream and translucent oil is extracted. This step can take several tens of minutes. * Filter the extracted coconut oil.nutes. * Filter the extracted coconut oil.)
• Boiler stove  + (The first step in making the boiling stove … The first step in making the boiling stove is to collect all the materials we need. To recover the 208-litre drums, you can pick them up from local businesses (from a garage, for example), and you'll be lucky if they're already empty. For the cumulus, you can collect it from places where they donate equipment, such as a recycling centre, where the equipment has already been used. To get a security system, you're going to have to spend money. We want our system to be as reliable as possible, so we'll need to spend a bit of money. For our project, we decided to use a security unit. A pipe will be needed to evacuate the smoke. We use the same type of pipe as for wood-burning stoves to evacuate the smoke.wood-burning stoves to evacuate the smoke.)
• Collective laundry practice  + (<u>The individual reflection:</u& … The individual reflection: Take a pen and a paper, and try to answer to these questions. The goal is to define the habits and needs of each laundry practice. ''1. How often do you do the laundry?'' ''2. Do you sort your clothes?'' ''3. If yes, how?'' ''4. Which machine programs do you use?'' ''5. What do you like about your practice?'' ''6. What would you change in your practice?  ''our practice?'' ''6. What would you change in your practice?  '')
• Orangepi-raspberry pi nextcloud server (photovoltaics powered)  + (The links to the photovoltaics material ar … The links to the photovoltaics material are in the autonomie.ods file (readable with libreoffice) attached to this tutorial. - raspberry pi : 42€ on leboncoin -Orange pi : single board computer: Orange pi 5 single board computer with 4,8,16 or 32 Go of ram 2,4Ghz ARM Cortex-A55 CPU This card is compatible with nvme pcie 2.0 hard drives (2242 or 2230, pcie is retrocompatible ie 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 work with lower speed on orange pi 5) Same principle as here but a bit more powerful and we can plug a hard drive (useful for nextcloud which is made to host files) and it starts automatically on a usb stick Price: 143€ brand new on aliexpress in version 16 Go on the 2nd of august 2023 Second hand on leboncoin: we find more easily raspberry pi at around 100€. It is necessary to buy a small box at 10€ (or make one) to avoid a naked single board computer -hard drive Here we use a kingston usb stick of 32Go and a nvme samsung 512Go card We can plug a hard drive of higher capacity in usb, or a nvme card (nvme pcie 2.0 ssd 2242 or 2230) compatible with pcie 3.0 4.0 and above but the speed is reduced A nvme samsung 2242 card of 500Go is about 50€ on the 2nd of august 2023. -usb stick : 10€ - rj45 cable: 5€ -Internet box or 4G modem according to your internet connection -solar pannel: here we use a flexible 120W pannel bougth 115€ brand new but we can find second hand ones at 30€ on leboncoin for an equivalente peak power. Note: for the theoretical need. See file autonomy.ods -second hand battery: use the previous lead acid battery of your car when it crashes when it's too hot in summer! -12V/24V-usb 5V battery converter: 20€ avoid amazon if you can - pwm regulator 30A: 30€ brand new if you dont buy corporate brand - DRL (day/night switch 13V): 1,5€ brand new (key word "Kit de feux de jour à LED pour voiture, contrôleur marche/arrêt automatique DRL" in french) -electric mc4 cable: 20€ Total second hand price for orangepi: 256,50€ Total brand new price for orangepi: 431,50€ Total second hand price for raspberry: 165€ See autonomie.ods - for raspberry: 165€ See autonomie.ods -)
• Extinguisher  + (The low-tech fire extinguisher is based on … The low-tech fire extinguisher is based on the reaction between baking soda and acetic acid vinegar. Water absorbs heat by evaporating; baking soda decomposes during an endothermic reaction (which absorbs heat) and creates water when exposed to a temperature exceeding 270 ° C; carbon dioxide is a heavy gas that "displaces" oxygen and "starves" the fire. A hole is drilled in the bottle. When you want to activate the fire extinguisher, pierce the bag containing baking soda. Vinegar, mixed with water, reacts with baking soda to form carbon dioxide, water and sodium acetate. By shaking the bottle, the reaction is accelerated: the carbon dioxide produced pressurizes the bottle, and a CO2-water mixture is ejected through the hole, which is pointed towards the fire. Water, carbon dioxide and soda extinguish the fire, and the foam created by the washing-up liquid prevents it from being re-ignited. liquid prevents it from being re-ignited.)
• Light bottle cutter  + (The piece of wood used in this tutorial is 22 x 2 x 2 cm. You can use one a bit larger but you do not need to use a longer one.)
• Apple juice extractor  + (This first stage is common to both machines. The first step is to break up the pallets to recover the wooden planks. You also need to collect screws and bolts. That's our only expense.)
• Kombucha fabric  + (This step lasts about 5 minutes. It is ver … This step lasts about 5 minutes. It is very important the liquid is below 30°Celcius, before adding the other ingredients: - to prevent odor vinegar emission - not to kill the starter and SCOBY * Pour the vinegar + add mix previously made + the Starter Mix * Add your SCOBY * Cover the tray and protect it from light* Cover the tray and protect it from light)
• Solar lamp with reused lithium cells  + (This tutorial shows how to recover compute … This tutorial shows how to recover computer cells to make a new battery. Powered by a solar panel, or by a USB port, it will allow you to light an LED lamp. The system works around three modules: * the energy reception module: the solar panel and its charge controller * the energy storage module: the battery * the module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator '''Energy Receiving Module: Photovoltaic Panel & Charge Controller''' The photovoltaic panel concentrates the energy of the sun. It allows to recover its energy in order to store it in the battery. But be careful, the amount of energy received by the panel is irregular depending on the time of day, the weather... it is important to install a charge/discharge regulator between the panel and the battery. This will be protected against overload, among other things. '''Energy storage module: the battery''' It is composed of two lithium cells recovered from a computer. To put it in a nutshell, a battery is a bit like a box containing several batteries: each of them is a cell, a unit that supplies power to the device by electrochemical reaction. The cells found in computers are lithium cells. They all have the same capacity to store energy, but their ability to make it is different for each. To form a battery from cells it is important that they all have the same ability to deliver energy. It is therefore necessary to measure the capacity of each cell to compose homogeneous batteries. '''Module that renders the energy: the LED lamp, the 5V USB port and its voltage converter''' Our battery supplies us with 3.7V power and the LED lamps we used operate at the same voltage. In addition, the USB ports provide a voltage of 5V. We therefore need to transform the cell energy from 3.7V to 5V: using a voltage converter called DC/DC booster3.7V to 5V: using a voltage converter called DC/DC booster)
• Offgrid rain water harvesting sizing  + (In this tutorial, we use meteorological sy … In this tutorial, we use meteorological synop data available here:
  
  http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/ with description here:
  
  http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/doc_parametres_synop_168.pdf
  
  You can also download the data on Meteo France website:
  
  https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/?fond=produit&id_produit=90&id_rubrique=32
  
  Download all csv files with months and years with which you want to make the computing, put them in a directory of your choice and unzip them (archive format is gz).
  Also put in this directory the file processing.py containing the code shared in this tutorial.
  
  Example in debian linux command line to download and unzip all csv of year 2020 in a directory ~/synop:
  
  (In the tutorial we use all data from 2010 to 2020)
  
  

  
  
  cd ~
  
  mkdir -p synop && cd synop
  
  wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202001.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202001.csv.gz
  
  wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202002.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202002.csv.gz
  
  wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202003.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202003.csv.gz
  
  wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202004.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202004.csv.gz
  
  wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202005.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202005.csv.gz
  
  wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202006.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202006.csv.gz
  
  wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202007.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202007.csv.gz
  
  wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202008.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202008.csv.gz
  
  wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202009.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202009.csv.gz
  
  wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202010.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202010.csv.gz
  
  wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202011.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202011.csv.gz
  
  wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202012.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202012.csv.gz
  
  

  
  
  To use python under another operating system, please get by with your proprietary and intrusive crap.
  
  Under linux, python is usually installed and to use the code shared here, you'll just have to copy and paste the code in a text file called processing.py and then enter
  
  

  
  
  python processing.py
  
  

  
  
  However, you will have to install pandas library which is massively used in finance and science industries, in particular for its efficient timeseries handling and vectorisation capacities.
  
  To do so, here are the commands to enter in a linux debian system before running processing.py to be ok:
  
  

  
  
  sudo apt install python3 python3-venv python3-pip python-is-python3
  
  cd ~ && python -m venv venv
  
  source venv/bin/activate
  
  pip install pandas
  
  

  
  
  Mind to activate virtual environment where pandas is installed each time you use the script (after a reboot or if you close and open again the terminal) with this command:
  
  

  
  
  cd ~ && source venv/bin/activate
  
  

  
  
  We are in 2024 and if you are being targetted and shackled as ecoterrorists like me, you will want to inspect your measurements instruments before use, so you can inspect the source code of pandas, which is of course free software, here:
  https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas
  Or you can arguably suppose you can trust a software so massively used in finance and science industries.
  
  Python relies on C libraries for some basics operations, and hack, including scientific hack, is never impossible, but we will let these pro-lowtech considerations aside that are out-of-scope of the perspectives of this tutorial.being targetted and shackled as ecoterrorists like me, you will want to inspect your measurements instruments before use, so you can inspect the source code of pandas, which is of course free software, here: <br />https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas <br />Or you can arguably suppose you can trust a software so massively used in finance and science industries.<br /><br />Python relies on C libraries for some basics operations, and hack, including scientific hack, is never impossible, but we will let these pro-lowtech considerations aside that are out-of-scope of the perspectives of this tutorial.)
• The how to of how to's  + (''' 1 - Tools''' A camera, a microphone, … ''' 1 - Tools''' A camera, a microphone, SD cards, batteries, a tripod. Check before use the state of your tools : SD card with sufficient disk space, battery charged, etc. ''' 2 - Location of the movie''' Choose where does the action takes place, in order to have a good sound quality and good luminosity: - Indoor, beware of the lack of light and artificial lights, that will impact your video quality. Think of fridges, clocks as well, that could create parasite sounds. These will be disappointing for the spectator watching your video. - Outdoor, beware of backlighting and the lack of light. Concerning the sound, the wind is fatal. Protect your microphone and its exposure ! "In both cases:" - Be careful that no big light pits are in your field of view. - Avoid too big spaces, the backplane should rather be short. - Filming during the day is highly recommended. At night, you'll get granulas on your images. ''' 3 - Positionning of the camera''' In order to know where to place the camera, ask the actor what he's going to do at each step. It is therefore easy to place the camera without being annoyed with his hands. On the workbench should only be present the material used at the precise step. This permits not to be visually polluted. ''' 4 - Scenes''' "Dissect steps" : Film one scene per step, if possible. - Vary short and large scenes to air the video. - For explicative scenes (explanation of a step, of the context), prefer large scenes. - For active scenes (filming the action), prefer short scenes. - It is highly recommended to film two frames per action. - Head to foot framings are not recommended, prefer middle range frames or short frames. - When someone is speaking, do not "cut his head off" during framing. Let an empty space above him. - Avoid to place the person right in the center of the frame. Putting him on the side will bring dynamism to your scene. - Filming static scenes is highly recommended to avoir any shaking. - Put the camera on a tripod or on something static. ''' 5 - Focus''' For the focus, check whether the camera is on automatic or manual mode. - If it is on automatic, well check that the camera is focusing on the action and not on the person head. - If it is on manual, set the focus on the action before starting to film. ""Example"": "Here, I'm going to melt the white wire on the + pole...". We need here a close plane, we focus on the object to melt, and we check that our hands are not between the object and the camera when we film. ""Be careful"" : For tutos realized with smartphones, the difficulty is to realize static scenes. Put the phone on a stable, static place during the whole sequence. ''' 6 - Filming in order to edit the video''' - Don't tell yourself that mistakes can be rectified at video editing. - Avoid to film in black and white or vertically. - Launching the video recordings, let a dead time before action starts or discussion begins in order to facilitate video editing. - Make simple rushes for get an easy video edition. ''' 7 - Content''' The video content will tighly be linked to the written step by step. "Context video : (2 minutes)" - Present the low-tech and its economical, environmental, social or other interests. - Present an issue solved by the low-tech (problematic and solution) - Do not hesitate to start from a larger context to a local one, or even personal one. - It is important to choose with the speaker, what is going to be said. Le scene will be explicative, so prefer a large frame scene. - Add cut-scenes (action) for this part don't be only a monolog in front of the camera. Think as well to make action scenes "on the field", that will be in concordance with the context. "Fabrication video : (5-10 minutes)" Ask yourself which kind of video is preferable to realize. Notably when speaking of explanations : will they be voice-overed, lived, or subtitled ? - Beware of hands between the camera and the action. - Always keep in mind that everyone has to understand the action. For this, it can be interesting to explain : "I'm doing this action for this reason, with this material that I got at this place ..." - Do not forget to mention safety intructions. "Dissect the fabrication in several key-steps:" - The functioning: present the functioning principle of the low-tech - The material : materials and tools necessary for the fabrication - The fabrication : dissect every step, one scene for one action, and explain them precisely, speaking loud and articulating. - The use : scenes on its situation. - Advices : It is possible to finish the video giving some advices.e to finish the video giving some advices.)
• Filtre à eau céramique  + (Toutes les valeurs d'efficacité en laborat … Toutes les valeurs d'efficacité en laboratoire et sur le terrain ont été établies par des essais indépendants. détaillés dans les liens dans la partie "Notes et Références"

  Paramètres	Efficacité	Efficacité en laboratoire	Efficacité sur le terrain
  Bactéries	Très efficace (> 99 %)	>99% - >99.999%4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11	96 %11
  Virus	Moyennement efficace (> 80 %)	94-98%5; 77-99%7; 96%10; 68-74%4; 38-74%4,12, 13
  Protozoaires	Très efficace (> 99 %)	>99% - >99.999%,7,10,12
  Turbidité		83%14; 94-98%15; 99%16;98%10
  Fer			> 90 %16
  Couleur	Efficace (> 90 %)	96.3%9

  td>>99% - >99.999%^,7,10,12 </td><td> </td></tr><tr> <td>Turbidité </td><td> </td><td>83%¹⁴; 94-98%¹⁵; 99%¹⁶;98%¹⁰ </td><td> </td></tr><tr> <td>Fer </td><td> </td><td> </td><td>> 90 %¹⁶ </td></tr><tr> <td>Couleur </td><td>Efficace (> 90 %) </td><td>96.3%⁹ </td><td> </td></tr></table>)
• Fonctionnement, entretien et régénération de batteries au plomb  + ( *Une batterie au plomb est constituée par … *Une batterie au plomb est constituée par '''un ensemble d'accumulateurs'''. La tension nominale d'un accumulateur étant d'environ 2.1 V, une batterie de 12 V est constituée de 6 accumulateurs montés en série et reliés par des connexions en plomb soudées. Ces accumulateurs sont logés dans un bac en plastique, fermé par un couvercle scellé. *Chaque '''accumulateur''' est composé d'un '''ensemble de couples d'électrodes positives et négatives''' montés en parallèle. Au milieu de chaque couple est placé un '''séparateur'''. *Des '''séparateurs''' sont généralement des '''feuilles''' rectangulaires, intercalées entre les plaques positives et les plaques négatives, et possèdent des qualités remarquables: **isolant électrique parfait **très grande perméabilité aux ions porteurs de charges électriques **excellente tenue à l'acide sulfurique *Les '''électrodes''' sont composées d'une '''grille''' sur laquelle est déposée une matière active poreuse: du '''plomb (Pb) sur''' '''l'électrode négative''' et du '''dioxyde de plomb''' (PbO2) sur l''''électrode positive'''. La grille collecte le courant et sert aussi de support mécanique de la matière active. *'''L'électrolyte''' est une '''solution diluée d'acide sulfurique''' dans laquelle baigne les électrodes'''.''' Il peut être sous forme liquide, de gel ou absorbée dans des feutres en fibre de verre en fonction du type de batterie. e de verre en fonction du type de batterie. )
• Procédés de transformation de la laine de mouton  + (Une fois que la laine est bien sèche, l’ét … Une fois que la laine est bien sèche, l’étape d’écharpillage peut commencer. #   Ecarter les fibres de laines les unes des autres, sans les séparer complètement. #Retirer les impuretés restantes. A la fin de cette étape, il ne doit plus rester de gros amas de laine et la laine doit être plus volumineuse et aérée. En effet, une trop grande densité de laine rendrait difficile le cardage.té de laine rendrait difficile le cardage.)
• Parabolic solar cooker  + (Use a rolling table, with a rectangular sheet that needs to be fixed with a drill and screws on the stand to place the tube that will support the parabolic dish later.)
• Recycling shower  + ( * Using the hole saws, install the plug i … * Using the hole saws, install the plug in the bottom of the tank and the overflow system at the maximum height of the tank. * Install the wall passageway on the lowest level of the tank * Perform a leak test * Connect the outlet of the plug/overfill to the sewer system * Remove the drain from the shower tray * Install the reserve under the shower tray by aligning the hole in the shower tray with the drain in the reserve. (it is interesting to leave the reserve accessible from one side for maintenance) * In order to be able to open or close the plug from the shower tray, adapt a rod, accessible by hand from the hole in the tray "Note: The tank is to be installed under the shower tray. According to the availability of each one: * Either, take down the actual shower tray, raise him with a structure and install the tank behind (This option can need works more or less important) * Or, use the actual shower tray to support the tank and install a second tray (From second-hand if possible) above, all thanks to a supporting structure above, all thanks to a supporting structure )
• Electrically-assisted bicycle  + (Video source : <u>https://www.youtub … Video source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nikYUAnj7F0 Dismantling the hoverboard will depend on the brand and type of hoverboard. The instructions and images that follow are general but there may be details that vary. First of all, you need to remove the plastic shell that encloses all the electronic components. '''Note:''' Be careful with any wires connected to the plastic shells, such as the charging wire. See image 1 a basic diagram of the inside of a hoverboard. Unplug the cables and mark where they are connected, using marked tape if possible. In particular, keep the charging cable to one side and mark where it is connected on the motherboard. Carefully remove the battery after disconnecting it from the motherboard and removing the wires from the central cylindrical area. Keep the battery (1) (see image 3) as it will be used to power the bike's electric assistance motor. '''Caution! ''' The battery is the most dangerous electronic component of the hoverboard. Any risk of impact, particularly with sharp objects, must be avoided. If the battery is damaged (tears, holes, etc.) or appears swollen, it must not be used, as there is a risk of explosion or flame. The motherboard is an important element to keep to enable the battery to be recharged. You need to locate the "Charging socket" (2) on the charging cable you put aside earlier. Next, remove the "Sensor" boards (see image 2) to gain access to the motor mountings. At least one of the blocks of 4 screws needs to be unscrewed with an Allen key to obtain the motorised wheel that will drive the bicycle wheel (see image 4). It is possible to keep the fixing system to make it easier to attach the wheel to the bike.e fixing system to make it easier to attach the wheel to the bike.)
• Weather-stripping curtains  + (''Voici l'étape que je trouve la plus déli … ''Voici l'étape que je trouve la plus délicate car il faut penser à beaucoup de choses et j'avoue avoir dû m'y reprendre à plusieurs fois avant d'obtenir ce que je voulais... Voici donc mes quelques conseils pour réaliser deux rideaux sur une fenêtre :''
  *Mesurez la taille de la fenêtre à couvrir *Définissez désormais les mesures pour chacun des deux rideaux : - POUR LE RIDEAU DE GAUCHE, CÔTE INTÉRIEUR : #Sur '''tous les côtés''' ajoutez à la mesure de la fenêtre '''1 cm''' pour réaliser les '''ourlets''' afin de pincer la couverture de survie et permettre que le tissu ne s'effiloche pas. ''(N'hésitez pas à faire des petites marques au crayon de papier, ça vous aidera pour la couture)''. #Ajoutez '''2 cm''' environ sur les côtés '''gauche''' et '''bas''', c'est pour le '''scratch''' qui viendra faire l'étanchéité avec le mur. ''(Pareil, pensez aux marques !)'' #Pour le '''haut''' il y aura la tringle. Selon la taille de votre tringle (il vaut mieux qu'elle soit ronde d'ailleurs) ajoutez '''entre 6 et 10 cm''' de tissu sur le haut du rideau (cette bande viendra se plier sur elle même pour faire comme une "boucle de passage", il n'y aura donc plus que 3 à 5cm de tissu, attention de prévoir assez large pour ne pas forcer au moment de l'ouverture et de la fermeture du rideau). ''( + marques !)'' #Pour le côté '''droit''', ajoutez '''2 cm''' de tissu supplémentaire pour faire un '''rabat''' qui viendra se scratcher SUR le rideau de droite. ''(+ vous savez quoi)'' #Vérifiez qu'il ne vous manque rien, vous pouvez découper ! ''Ça va ? Vous tenez le coup ?!'' ''J'ai essayé de vous faire un petit dessin, j'espère que ça pourra vous aider !'' - POUR LE RIDEAU DE DROITE, CÔTE INTÉRIEUR : #C'est exactement '''la même chose dans l'autre sens''' et SANS le rabat #En gros il faut prévoir l'espace pour les scratchs en bas et à droite uniquement mais les ourlets et la bande de tissu pour la tringle restent les mêmes. - POUR LES RIDEAUX DE GAUCHE ET DROITE, CÔTE EXTÉRIEUR : #Reportez le tissu découpé pour le côté intérieur #Dessinez ses contours sur le tissu prévu pour l'extérieur #Puis découpez ! - POUR LA COUVERTURE DE SURVIE : # Reportez la mesure de la fenêtre à occulter + les 2 cms de scratch (+ la largeur du rabat pour le rideau de gauche uniquement) # Découpez le rectangle dessiné.che uniquement) # Découpez le rectangle dessiné.)
• Serveur orangepi-raspberry nextcloud en photovoltaïque autonome  + (Voir images)
• Ram pump  + ( #When priming, water flowing into the inl … #When priming, water flowing into the inlet line flows into the weir through the primary valve. #The acceleration of the water causes the primary valve to close suddenly. #The water column is suddenly braked and generates an overpressure in the pump casing (water hammer), which opens the internal valve. #Under the effect of this overpressure, water flows into the balloon (and the discharge duct), compressing the air volume until the pressures are balanced. #The pressure reversal closes the internal valve. #The water trapped under pressure in the balloon empties into the discharge line until the pressures are balanced (determined by the height of the pipe). #The closing of the internal valve has caused the pressure to drop, so the primary valve opens again. A new cycle begins.... Without accident, this process is perpetually renewed as long as it is supplied with water. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsCaMW7L2yI Video explanations] com/watch?v=hsCaMW7L2yI Video explanations] )
• Drain and toilet cleaner  + ('''White vinegar''', otherwise known as sp … '''White vinegar''', otherwise known as spirit vinegar, crystal. It is a 100% natural and biodegradable product with a pH between 3.5 and 5 (acid) with approximately 12% alcohol obtained by macerating an aqueous solution of at least 6% acetic acid (often from beet ethanol). It evaporates naturally without risk (except for a slight and temporary irritation of the throat and eyes if you are in a small space). Cost: around 0.40€/L, prefer to buy in the food vinegar section (avoid the household section as it is often more expensive and flavoured). Properties: [https://planetezerodechet.fr/bienfaits-du-vinaigre-blanc-nettoyant-zero-dechet/ More info and G culture here] * Degreaser, * Deodoriser * Preservative (thanks to the acid pH), * Antiseptic, disinfectant, antiparasitic, antibacterial, antifungal (thanks to the acid pH) * Descaler / anti-scale (the acid reacts with the limestone to make it disappear in an acid-base reaction causing heat and CO2 bubbles), * Corrosive to limescale surfaces (can damage wood and plastic in high doses). '''Sodium bicarbonate''', otherwise known as sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, monosodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, soda, baking soda or natrum bicarbonatum. A fine white powder similar to table salt or talc with a pH of 8-8.5 (base). Made from limestone and salt, bicarbonate is naturally present in the body and is harmless to health. It does not emit fumes or evaporate. Properties: cleans, scours and deodorises. It dissolves grease and proteins responsible for stains. It prevents the proliferation of bacteria and softens hard water.
  Be careful to use the correct type of bicarbonate for each use: for cosmetic use, use only food/cosmetic bicarbonate and for food use, use ONLY food grade bicarbonate