Biofilter+('''1)''' Connect the pump to the hose.
'' … '''1)''' Connect the pump to the hose.
'''2)''' Place it right at the back of the second 60L container.
'''3)''' Pour 15 to 20L of water into the container.
'''Caution: '''In order to retain the cascading effect from the biofilter, the liquid in the container should not exceed the 40L level. To avoid damage to the pump through turning it on without water, do not fill under the 10L level.ut water, do not fill under the 10L level.)
Insulated mattress+(It consists of removing the foam inside the life jackets using scissors or an utility knife.)
Solar air heater+(Detailed plans and CAO have been realised … Detailed plans and CAO have been realised by [https://www.enerlog.fr/ Enerlog]. They are available in open-source here : https://cloud.ecutsa.fr/index.php/s/apRoi395xdQb52T#pdfviewer
Those plans have been used for the first version built during a workshop. They are shared here in order to respond to one of the objective of Enerlog: to support the reappropriation of the knowledge by the citizens by sharing knowledge and promote its transmission.ng knowledge and promote its transmission.)
Worm Compost Bins+(Drill with drill bit to make the hole for the valve tap and fit the stainless ball or butterfly valvetap (1/2” inch or 3/4” inch) with hydraulic fittings.
The tap should be approximately 5-10cm from the bottom of the barrel.)
Pare soleil climatiseur+(Etendre la couverture de survie sur une surface plane, face argentée vers le bas.
Reporter les mesures au marqueur, et tracer les lignes à l'aide de la règle.)
Solar desalinator+(For this model, the chosen floor area is 1 … For this model, the chosen floor area is 110 cm horizontal by 66 cm vertical. The wooden battens used have a section of 44 mm by 22 mm. The thickness of the frame is 44 mm. The frame is assembled with screws. At about 10 centimeters from the bottom of the frame, a cleat is added, as can be seen in the picture. It makes it possible to stiffen the frame, to stretch the sheet and to separate the freshwater and seawater parts (no risk of salt contamination).ter parts (no risk of salt contamination).)
Energy use in households+(In France, buildings account for 45% of th … In France, buildings account for 45% of the total energy consumed, followed by transportation (33%), industry (19%), and agriculture (3%). Two-thirds of the energy consumption in this category comes from housing and one-third from service sector buildings.
Within the home, in 2013, 67% of consumed energy went toward heating the home, 10.4% toward heating water, and 6% toward cooking. The remaining 16.6% was used for lighting, household appliances, office equipment, and hi-fi, all of which is grouped under the term “specific energy”. The 16,000 kWh consumed by each household costs just over €1,700 per year.
In France, residential heating accounts for a larger portion of the total energy consumed (20.1%) than does industry (19%).consumed (20.1%) than does industry (19%).)
Simple wooden bike trolley - hand tools only - back wheel attachment+(Here, we collect materials before adapting … Here, we collect materials before adapting the plan to what we find.
At the local charity store, I found a bunch of single bed slates and a wooden board - 9€
I talked with someone who fixes second-hand bikes and sold me 2 kid front wheels - 5€
For hardware, we used whatever we had at home and headed to the hardware store to complete our set - spent around 13€ore to complete our set - spent around 13€)
Machines de recyclage de plastique - Precious Plastic+(Lancé en 2013 par Dave Hakkens, le projet … Lancé en 2013 par Dave Hakkens, le projet Precious Plastic vise à développer le recyclage des matières plastiques à l’échelle artisanale.
Des réseaux Precious Plastic ont été créés partout sur la planète, regroupant une grande communauté oeuvrant pour régler le problème des déchets plastiques.
L'Univers Precious Plastic regroupe toutes les solutions : les personnes, les machines, les connaissances, les techniques, etc.
Découvrir le [https://preciousplastic.com/universe/how-does-it-work.html site internet] de Precious Plastic.
Regarder une [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76AFNIxYjUE vidéo] introductive.m/watch?v=76AFNIxYjUE vidéo] introductive.)
...To avoid dealing with multiple suppliers, we got the majority of the specialized materials concerning the sink on the site www.mon-camping-car.com We didn't find exactly everything we needed there. The foot pump is 12mm and the tap is 10mm, so we had to use two types of clear tubing and an adapter to get the right dimensions for the tap
'''Directions'''
#Connect the clean water bucket to the foot pump. Attach the 16/12 (1.2 meters) tube to the nozzle of the clean water bucket. Then, connect the 16/12 tube to the foot pump (The nozzle on the right when viewed from the bottom (water intake)).
#Connect the foot pump to the swivel spout tap. Link the 16/12 (20cm) tube from the foot pump to the adapter and then to the 10/12 (40cm) clear tube which goes toward the swivel spout tap.he adapter and then to the 10/12 (40cm) clear tube which goes toward the swivel spout tap.)
Thermosyphon Solar Water Heater+(Our system has no pumping system. The wate … Our system has no pumping system. The water circulation is only done thanks to a thermodynamic phenomenon called '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermosiphon thermosiphon]'''.
The principle of the thermosiphon system is that cold water has a higher density than hot water because it is more compact. It is therefore heavier and sinking. However, all systems tend towards a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. There is a movement called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_heat_transfer thermal convection] to mix hot and cold water.
For this reason, the solar collector is always mounted underneath the water storage tank, so that the cold water from the tank reaches the collector via a downhill water pipe. When the water in the collector heats up, the hot water rises naturally, pushed up by the cold water and returns to the tank. The cycle tank -> water pipe -> collector heats the water until it reaches an equilibrium temperature. The consumer can then use the hot water from the top of the tank.
e the hot water from the top of the tank.
<br/>)
A wood-saving oven+(Place the 10 cm diameter pipe between the hole left in the arch and the roof, so it's tight)
Ash and animal fat soap+(A soap is normally composed of a fatty aci … A soap is normally composed of a fatty acid (here animal fat) and a basic agent (high pH) such as soda or potash (here made from ash). These two compounds create a saponification reaction that creates soap.
The Chemical Process
Saponification is the reaction of a fatty substance with hydroxide ions (provided by an alkali such as potash or soda) to give a carboxylate ion (soap) and glycerol (also called glycerin).
Soaps are therefore mixtures of carboxylate ions and metal cations (sodium or potassium ions). The carboxylate ion is a surface-active agent that lowers the surface tension of water: it is a detergent.
It ensures washing thanks to 4 qualities :
The wetting power: soapy water can penetrate the small interstices of the surface in contact (cloth, skin, table, plate...) more effectively than water ;
Emulsifying power: the carboxylate ions agglutinate around the dirt and penetrate between it and the surface in contact until they isolate the dirt from this surface. They form micelles containing small particles of dirt. Carboxylate ions have a lipophilic end and are therefore particularly effective against fatty substances;
The dispersing power: due to the properties of the carboxylate ions and the structure of the micelles, they repel each other and are therefore dispersed in soapy water;
Foaming power: a film of carboxylate ions is formed on the surface of water with low surface tension. By agitating the soapy water, air bubbles can then be trapped. The foam does not intervene as such in the washing but is an indicator of the surface tension of the liquid and thus of its detergent power.he liquid and thus of its detergent power.)
Tent heating stove+(Take the pipe diameter 20cm and cut it. 20Cm high.
Cut a small opening 5x5cm at the bottom of the pipe.
Cut a piece of metal sheet, same shape of the pipe, you can mark it before cutting. . Weld it at the bottom of your stove, same side of your opening.)
Manual Pump (vertical)+(The aim of this step is to check the equip … The aim of this step is to check the equipment is in order without gluing the components together.
Slot the components together as per the following diagram:
You can even check if it is working or not.
For best results: the areas circled in blue must be as short as possible.cled in blue must be as short as possible.)
Enhanced cooker+(The enhanced cookers are made using
the fo … The enhanced cookers are made using
the following mixture:
- For 1 barrow of clay:
- 3 handfuls of straw
- 1kg of salt (for thermal storage)
- ½ handful of pig hair
- 5L (a half-bucket) of donkey's dung previsouly fermented for 5 days in plastic.
- Add water until obtaining a wet mixture but which is not liquid (like a dough, not too wet, not too dry)d (like a dough, not too wet, not too dry))
Extinguisher+(The low-tech fire extinguisher is based on … The low-tech fire extinguisher is based on the reaction between baking soda and acetic acid vinegar.
Water absorbs heat by evaporating; baking soda decomposes during an endothermic reaction (which absorbs heat) and creates water when exposed to a temperature exceeding 270 ° C; carbon dioxide is a heavy gas that "displaces" oxygen and "starves" the fire.
A hole is drilled in the bottle. When you want to activate the fire extinguisher, pierce the bag containing baking soda. Vinegar, mixed with water, reacts with baking soda to form carbon dioxide, water and sodium acetate. By shaking the bottle, the reaction is accelerated: the carbon dioxide produced pressurizes the bottle, and a CO2-water mixture is ejected through the hole, which is pointed towards the fire. Water, carbon dioxide and soda extinguish the fire, and the foam created by the washing-up liquid prevents it from being re-ignited. liquid prevents it from being re-ignited.)
Light bottle cutter+(The piece of wood used in this tutorial is 22 x 2 x 2 cm.
You can use one a bit larger but you do not need to use a longer one.)
Solar coffee roaster+(The roaster is made of 3 different parts :
*The roaster itself, using a salvage cement mixer
*The solar parabola, which concentrates solar energy into the roaster
*A mechanical part, which makes the roaster turn)
Solar multicooker+(The use of the inner tube for the hinges enables a stable position and the right tension. The cords will help to keep the panels to 90° in relation to the sunlight. They also attach the panels to the base when they are closed.)
Buried Aymarian Greenhouse+(The Wallipini greenhouse is half-buried in … The Wallipini greenhouse is half-buried in the ground and is built like a house with:
* walls made of Adobe (mix of clay and straw),
* a framework made of wood
* a roof made using a plastic tarpaulin (agroplastico).
The Adobe walls store the heat during the day and deliver it inside the greenhouse at night. The inertia of the walls maintains an almost constant temperature inside the greenhouse. As La Paz is close to the equator, the sun is usually at zenith, the greenhouse's orientation does not really matter and the walls do not interfere with sun radiations.
In the Wallipini, the vegetables can be cultivated 7 months per year (the Wallipini is not efficient enough against cold winters).ot efficient enough against cold winters).)
Semi-removable Mass Stove+(There are a number of items that are neede … There are a number of items that are needed to build this stove, which can either be bought from new or salvaged.
* The drums are easy to obtain, apart from the 120 litre ones, which are rare... and it can cost 50€ (excluding taxes) to buy one of this size from new.
* The stove pipes, which form the fire pit, are very easy to salvage and will be considerably more expensive if bought from new.
NB 1: the 2 pipes that are used for the (fixed) ash tray and the (removable) feed pipe must have a male fitting at one of their ends to accommodate the stopper.
NB 2: A rigorous approach must be adopted when producing the exhaust system, using pipes which are compatible with one another. It is important to avoid leaks (condensates as well as smoke) and also the risk of fire .
* Concrete can be made up of sand and fire cement but this will not be as durable as using chamotte concrete/fire cement. Chamotte consists of ground-up fire brick and must contain 25 to 40% alumina. To contact manufacturers of fire bricks, see list in the annex.Grain size of 0 to 10 mm grade is ideal, but 0 to 5 mm can also be used.
AVOID making concrete with ordinary cement or ‘black’ cement (unlike fire cement, it does not contain alumina)
* Vermiculite: mixed with cement acts to insulate the bottom of the container. You can find this in builder's merchants and garden centres mostly under the names of “Vermex” or “Effiperl” (NB the latter also contains perlite and is a French brand)
* Ceramic glass: this is specialist glass which does not expand when exposed to heat and is resistant to thermal shocks of up to 800°C ! You can buy it in the shops (for about €400 to €600 per m²) but you can also salvage it from old inserts, electric hobs, oven doors (inner glass only, otherwise it is likely to have little resistance to heat). Do not use ordinary glass ! To test salvaged glass, stand on a flat surface and put the glass onto a gas camping stove. If it resists the heat, then that is a good sign.
The final thing to do for the ‘crash test’ is pour a glass of cold water over it. If there is no reaction, then it is specialist glass. Do not put it on the grass in case it breaks.
In this image, you will find the average supply costs for the different models. Taking the drum and the smoke exhaust out of the equation, the pipework will be a major part of the budget.pework will be a major part of the budget.)
Tawashi+(Use your pencil and ruler to draw a square 12cmx12cm.
Put 20 nails every 2 cm. With your hammer, firmly plant the nails into the board onto each of the 20 dots.)
Manual pump (vertical)+(Without sticking the pieces together, the purpose of this step is to check the material.
Nest the elements as shown in the following diagram:
You can even test the operation.
To optimize : areas surrounded in blue should be as short as possible.)
Functioning, maintenance and regeneration of lead-acid batteries+('''Equipment''': Choose your battery caref … '''Equipment''': Choose your battery carefully according to the intended use. Never mix new and used batteries. Never mix batteries of different technologies. Correctly and solidly install the wiring of your battery bank to avoid fires. Regularly check the connectors if they are subject to vibrations.
*'''Detection and Prevention of Deep Discharge''': Battery life is directly related to DoD or depth of discharge. It is, therefore, very important to prevent any discharge over 50% !'''
**How to know the level of charge (SoC)?
***Simply measuring the voltage does not suffice as several factors affect the battery voltage.
***A [https://www.victronenergy.fr/battery-monitors battery monitor] must be used. It calculates not only the voltage but also the charge and discharge currents, which allows the state of charge to be calculated in real time.
**How to avoid deep discharges?
***The idea is to control the level of charge (SoC) and to disconnect the consumption loads as soon as they fall below a certain level.
***Use a battery protector/[https://www.victronenergy.fr/battery_protect/battery-protect Battery Protect] or a configurable solar charge regulator, for direct current (DC) equipment.
***Use the dry contact relay (voltage-free relay) of your battery monitor if it is equipped with one.
***Set the low battery voltage threshold on your inverter for alternating current (AC) equipment (read the instructions carefully).
*'''Pay attention to the temperature: ''': This factor has a very important influence on the life of the batteries. It is very important to keep the batteries at “cool” temperatures, around 20°C.
**Technical roome : Always choose the coolest room or location. Never leave batteries exposed to direct sunlight. If the place is still too hot, one should consider cooling ventilation of the room or the battery container.
**Aeration and ventilation : Always keep space between the batteries (about 5 cm), do not put them against each other. If the batteries are inside a battery box or in a cabinet, there must be air circulation.
**Temperature compensation: When the temperature exceeds 30°C or is lower than 10°C for a long time, it is necessary to change the charging voltage.
Battery not in use – Self-discharge: When a battery is not in use, it slowly discharges. This phenomenon depends on the type of battery and the temperature.
o An unused open battery must be recharged every four months at room temperature (between 10-25°C).
o An unused open battery must be kept permanently charged in temperatures below 0°C.
o Sealed batteries can be left for up to 6 to 8 months without recharging at ambient temperature.
o When a system containing batteries (RV, car, etc.) is not used for a long period, disconnect the batteries to avoid leakage currents.
*'''Correct charging voltages''': Never recharge the batteries with a voltage higher than that recommended in the manufacturer's data sheet. Use a charger with at least 3 charge stages (Bulk, Absorption, Float).
*'''Correct charge/discharge current''': '''It is recommended '''never to charge or recharge''' lead batteries at '''more than 0.2C''', i.e. 20% of the capacity of the battery bank (ex: 20A for a battery bank of 100Ah).
When sizing a photovoltaic installation, make sure that the maximum output current is less than 20% of the battery capacity. Let: Imax (A) = Pmax (W) / Ubat (V) < 0.2C
ing a photovoltaic installation, make sure that the maximum output current is less than 20% of the battery capacity. Let: Imax (A) = Pmax (W) / Ubat (V) < 0.2C</div>
</div> <br/> <br/>
<br/>)
Insulated mattress+(Cover the whole mattress with a plastic tarpaulin to avoid water and humidity to penetrate inside. Attach it again using adhesive tape.)
Rainwater harvesting+(The pipe leading rain waters to the tank ( … The pipe leading rain waters to the tank (1) comes horizontally and splits in a T :
* At first, the water preferentially goes into the 50 centimeters long vertical tube, connected to a 50 liter container (2) (You should adapt the volume based on the roof's surface area). This tube is drilled with holes, allowing the water to fall into the container (2). Inside this tube, there is a floating ball that rises while the water level in the container (2) increase. The ball rises until it is over the holes. The vertical tube is then blocked allowing the water to flow through the horizontal part of the T-shaped pipe.
* This horizontal tube will drive the following clean water directly into the tank (1) of drinking water.
The first 50 liters that washed the roof, collected in the container (2) can be used to water the garden.ainer (2) can be used to water the garden.)
Ram pump+(
#When priming, water flowing into the inl …
#When priming, water flowing into the inlet line flows into the weir through the primary valve.
#The acceleration of the water causes the primary valve to close suddenly.
#The water column is suddenly braked and generates an overpressure in the pump casing (water hammer), which opens the internal valve.
#Under the effect of this overpressure, water flows into the balloon (and the discharge duct), compressing the air volume until the pressures are balanced.
#The pressure reversal closes the internal valve.
#The water trapped under pressure in the balloon empties into the discharge line until the pressures are balanced (determined by the height of the pipe).
#The closing of the internal valve has caused the pressure to drop, so the primary valve opens again. A new cycle begins....
Without accident, this process is perpetually renewed as long as it is supplied with water.
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hsCaMW7L2yI Video explanations]
com/watch?v=hsCaMW7L2yI Video explanations]
)
Moteur Stirling+(<nowiki>On list ici quelques vidéos … On list ici quelques vidéos d moteurs stirling "diy" (do it yourself)
plus ou moins bricolés et en langue français.
On voit qca va du moteur fait avec 1 canett dcoca cola (DDM Brico Voyageur https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBxKOkYx2rI) à 1 moteur en bois
avec des seringues en verres pour les pistons(Incroyables Experiences https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s79odgWz6BM), à 1 moteur 125 cm3 usiné avec une puissance estimée d 0,8kW à 8kW,soit 0,6ch à 6ch, au regard d la mesure d 800tr/min et d'un poids du plateau estimé entre 100g et 1kg (French Stirling Fablab https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z24dZ3St_JE d la serie d'épisod https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE1TyIvCXNyjlvWRi10LUsEMXKyRS6Ltx sur la chaine https://www.youtube.com/@FrenchStirlingFablab).
Vous y trouverez nettement plus d ressources pour essayer d fabriquer
votr propr moteur stirling qdans l texte ci-dessous.
En bonus, pour les enseignants, 1 exempl d jouet d typ tracteur et gru fabriqué en meccano ici :
Moteur Stirling+(<nowiki>On list ici quelques vidéos … On list ici quelques vidéos d moteurs stirling "diy" (do it yourself)
plus ou moins bricolés et en langue français.
On voit qca va du moteur fait avec 1 canett dcoca cola (DDM Brico Voyageur https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBxKOkYx2rI) à 1 moteur en bois
avec des seringues en verres pour les pistons(Incroyables Experiences https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s79odgWz6BM), à 1 moteur 125 cm3 usiné avec une puissance estimée d 0,8kW à 8kW,soit 0,6ch à 6ch, au regard d la mesure d 800tr/min et d'un poids du plateau estimé entre 100g et 1kg (French Stirling Fablab https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z24dZ3St_JE d la serie d'épisod https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE1TyIvCXNyjlvWRi10LUsEMXKyRS6Ltx sur la chaine https://www.youtube.com/@FrenchStirlingFablab).
Vous y trouverez nettement plus d ressources pour essayer d fabriquer
votr propr moteur stirling qdans l texte ci-dessous.
En bonus, pour les enseignants, 1 exempl d jouet d typ tracteur et gru fabriqué en meccano ici :
one axis Oz perpendicular to the module plane (vertical when the module is flat) and one axis Ox paralelle to the module plane (horizontal when the module is flat)
Caractéristics of the module:
mass: m=21,2 kg
Length: L=1,8m
Width: 1m
Wikipedia theory tells us intertia moment along Oz axis is :
Jdelta=1/12*m*L
Jdelta=1/12*1,8*21,2=3,18Nm
Nb: we suppose the module is a bar because here the rotation axis is the axis paralell to the plane of the rectangle formed by the module and not the perpendicular axis
We now experimentally verify:
Center the module on the plate lifter and put it horizontally
verify there is no wind
check the level on which the mast of the plate lifter is put
fix a horizontal lanmark at the bottom of the module
set a 500g mass at the extremity of the module
measure the distance between the position at equilibrium and the position with the mass
We have:
Jdelta=d*F
with d distance in meter to the axis of rotation
F force applied to the solid (here mg with m solid mass in kg and g gravitational constant)
We then have
Jdelta=0,9*0,5*9,8=4,41Nm
We measure the rotation: in our case, the distance of rotation at the extremity of the module varies between 3 and 10cm. The important variations
are due to frictions on the axis that can force or slide more freely
The order of magnitude of the inertia momen is verified
For the moment of inertia along axis Ox, it is more difficult to verify experimentally, because the axise of the plate lifter doesnt allow
to have a position at equilibrium with the module mass (which will finish on the stop under its own weight)
Therefore, we will accept the theory:
The theory says
Jdelta=1/12*m(b²+c²) with m mass of the module, b lenght of the short side of the module and c length of the long side of the module
Jdelta=1/12*21,2*(1,8²+1²)=7,49NM
This theoretical result is strongly lower than the weigth of the module, so we will size based on the necessary force to lift the weigth of the module (the axis being submitted to the weight):
F=mg=21,2*9,8
In order of magnitude 200Nm (1m of lever arm in order of magnitude)
We have now the caracteristics to size the engines of our module along two rotation axis
But the trackers have a consequent wind exposure
If we want to take into account the resistance to the wind, we must measure the force applied to the module according to wind speed:
Fp=1/2*ρ*v²*S*Cp
With ρ air density equal to 1,2 kg/m3 in order of magnitude for standard temperature and pressure conditions
v wind speed in m/s
S object surface in m²
Cp pressure coefficient without dimension égal to 2 for a rectangular metal plate
We have:
Fp=1/2*1,2*1,8*2*v²=2,16*v²
Chatgpt can give us the abacus of wind speeds in km/h and their conversions in m/2 and the generic name in meteorology
Calm: Less than 1 km/h (Less than 0.3 m/s)
Very light breeze: 1-5 km/h (0.3-1.5 m/s)
Light breeze: 6-11 km/h (1.6-3.0 m/s)
Gentle breeze: 12-19 km/h (3.4-5.4 m/s)
Moderate breeze: 20-28 km/h (5.5-7.9 m/s)
Fresh breeze: 29-38 km/h (8.0-10.7 m/s)
Strong breeze: 39-49 km/h (10.8-13.8 m/s)
Moderate wind: 50-61 km/h (13.9-16.9 m/s)
Near gale: 62-74 km/h (17.2-20.6 m/s)
Gale: 75-88 km/h (20.8-24.4 m/s)
Strong gale: 89-102 km/h (24.7-28.3 m/s)
Storm: 103-117 km/h (28.6-32.5 m/s)
Hurricane: At least 118 km/h (At least 32.8 m/s)
So we have a Force Fp that can vary from
An order of magnitude of 20N for a ligth breeze
to
An order of magnitude of 2000N for a storm
(NB: the gravity force of 1kg is approximately 10N so the force of 2000N corresponds in order of magnitude to the gravity force of 200kg).
The inertia moments on the axis are of the same order of magnitude (20Nm and 2000Nm) because the dimensions of the module are an order of magnitude of 1 m
If you want to build a tracker that can resist to storm conditions, it is advised to size the tracker consequently
On the one hand with sufficient ties in the ground, and on the other hand with an adapted frame -see caravan tips at the end of this stage-, and deactivate
when there are stronger winds.)
Wind resistance sizing is one of the reasons trackers are expensive et less generalized than standard photovoltaic installations
The step motors and servomotors that have an adequate torke to resist to important winds are expensive, et that can be understandable for motors designed for step precision
(For example here: https://www.distrelec.fr/fr/automatisation/moteurs-et-entrainements/moteurs-pas-pas-et-servocommandes/c/cat-L3D_525513 )
For hydraulic cylinders, the driving force is generally in orders of magnitude fitting to resist to storms.
For our low-tech tutorial, we know that core drilling machines have torque in an order of magnitude fitting to resist to storms (1W corresponds to 1 N multiplying 1 meter per second, so a core drilling machine of 2000W should have an adequate torque of more or less 2000Nm).
After verification on the technical caracteristics of drills, impact screwdriver, and after a manual verification of resistances (brake,clutch) when the engine is not powered, this type of engine doesnt fit.
To size a resistance to winds between the storm and hurricane we will proceed differently:
We find on aliexpress a affordable prices (70€) step motors or endless screw motors with torque in an order of magnitude of 20Nm(200kgcm). We will use thi engine with two reductors 1:10 to get a resisting torque of 2000Nm.
Recall: the torque expressed in Nm is a rotation force produced by the motor that can be computed with the same principle of the inertia moment: the force in newton x the distance to the rotation axis
Belt or chain transmission permit to reduce this torque, and that can be calculated very easily
C1=(R1/R2)*C2
With C1 torque on pulley 1
R1 pulley 1 radius
C2 torque on pulley 2
R2 pulley 2 radius
The radius is directly proportional to the number of teeth of a gear wheel (a bike cog or a motorcycle cog for example), we can easily calculate the transmission reduction by dividing the number of teeth of the big cog by the number of teeth of the little cog (verify they have the same teeth standards)
Therefore a transmission 80 teeth/10 teeth (80T/10T) will produce a reduction of 1:8, like here on amazon for an electric bike ("Keenso Kit Chaîne et Pignon 80T 25H 34mm 3 Trous Pignon 10T H Trou Chaîne Pignon 146 Maillons Chaîne") for 30€.
We will notice that a standard bike transmission have a maximum transmission reduction of 50 teeth/11 teeth so a reduction of 1:5, which is not enough for efficient reduction witouth multiplying pulleys
It is difficult to find transmissions with reduction of 1:10, but we find some on aliexpress and we will easily adapt a bicycle drive on which we will weld cogs, which will allow us a reduction of 1:100 with only one axis added in addition to the principal axis and the engine axis
So we will use an engine step motor or an endless screw engine (resistance unpowered test at reception) commanded by a raspberry pi (but the plate lifter has wheels, so we will take the precaution to put away the tracker when there's a storm ;))
Carvan tips: to size the width of the metal frame, modern norms dont seem to be really made on scientific basis but on commercial basis. We will therefore measure the width of old material (made in the 70s). For example, the frame of this old caravan accredited on its registration document for a 750kg weigth has a metal frame of 5mm width. On can then make a rule of 3 to verify the width of our frame fits.
This is rustic style (strenght of material calculs is rigorous and complex), but it allows to have a firest approximation "a visto de nas" as we say in gascon
tor or an endless screw engine (resistance unpowered test at reception) commanded by a raspberry pi (but the plate lifter has wheels, so we will take the precaution to put away the tracker when there's a storm ;))<br /><br />Carvan tips: to size the width of the metal frame, modern norms dont seem to be really made on scientific basis but on commercial basis. We will therefore measure the width of old material (made in the 70s). For example, the frame of this old caravan accredited on its registration document for a 750kg weigth has a metal frame of 5mm width. On can then make a rule of 3 to verify the width of our frame fits.<br /><br />This is rustic style (strenght of material calculs is rigorous and complex), but it allows to have a firest approximation "a visto de nas" as we say in gascon<br/><br /><br/></nowiki>)
The how to of how to's+(''' 1 - Tools'''
A camera, a microphone, … ''' 1 - Tools'''
A camera, a microphone, SD cards, batteries, a tripod. Check before use the state of your tools : SD card with sufficient disk space, battery charged, etc.
''' 2 - Location of the movie'''
Choose where does the action takes place, in order to have a good sound quality and good luminosity:
- Indoor, beware of the lack of light and artificial lights, that will impact your video quality.
Think of fridges, clocks as well, that could create parasite sounds. These will be disappointing for the spectator watching your video.
- Outdoor, beware of backlighting and the lack of light. Concerning the sound, the wind is fatal. Protect your microphone and its exposure !
"In both cases:"
- Be careful that no big light pits are in your field of view.
- Avoid too big spaces, the backplane should rather be short.
- Filming during the day is highly recommended. At night, you'll get granulas on your images.
''' 3 - Positionning of the camera'''
In order to know where to place the camera, ask the actor what he's going to do at each step. It is therefore easy to place the camera without being annoyed with his hands. On the workbench should only be present the material used at the precise step. This permits not to be visually polluted.
''' 4 - Scenes'''
"Dissect steps" :
Film one scene per step, if possible.
- Vary short and large scenes to air the video.
- For explicative scenes (explanation of a step, of the context), prefer large scenes.
- For active scenes (filming the action), prefer short scenes.
- It is highly recommended to film two frames per action.
- Head to foot framings are not recommended, prefer middle range frames or short frames.
- When someone is speaking, do not "cut his head off" during framing. Let an empty space above him.
- Avoid to place the person right in the center of the frame. Putting him on the side will bring dynamism to your scene.
- Filming static scenes is highly recommended to avoir any shaking.
- Put the camera on a tripod or on something static.
''' 5 - Focus'''
For the focus, check whether the camera is on automatic or manual mode.
- If it is on automatic, well check that the camera is focusing on the action and not on the person head.
- If it is on manual, set the focus on the action before starting to film.
""Example"": "Here, I'm going to melt the white wire on the + pole...". We need here a close plane, we focus on the object to melt, and we check that our hands are not between the object and the camera when we film.
""Be careful"" : For tutos realized with smartphones, the difficulty is to realize static scenes. Put the phone on a stable, static place during the whole sequence.
''' 6 - Filming in order to edit the video'''
- Don't tell yourself that mistakes can be rectified at video editing.
- Avoid to film in black and white or vertically.
- Launching the video recordings, let a dead time before action starts or discussion begins in order to facilitate video editing.
- Make simple rushes for get an easy video edition.
''' 7 - Content'''
The video content will tighly be linked to the written step by step.
"Context video : (2 minutes)"
- Present the low-tech and its economical, environmental, social or other interests.
- Present an issue solved by the low-tech (problematic and solution)
- Do not hesitate to start from a larger context to a local one, or even personal one.
- It is important to choose with the speaker, what is going to be said. Le scene will be explicative, so prefer a large frame scene.
- Add cut-scenes (action) for this part don't be only a monolog in front of the camera. Think as well to make action scenes "on the field", that will be in concordance with the context.
"Fabrication video : (5-10 minutes)"
Ask yourself which kind of video is preferable to realize. Notably when speaking of explanations : will they be voice-overed, lived, or subtitled ?
- Beware of hands between the camera and the action.
- Always keep in mind that everyone has to understand the action. For this, it can be interesting to explain : "I'm doing this action for this reason, with this material that I got at this place ..."
- Do not forget to mention safety intructions.
"Dissect the fabrication in several key-steps:"
- The functioning: present the functioning principle of the low-tech
- The material : materials and tools necessary for the fabrication
- The fabrication : dissect every step, one scene for one action, and explain them precisely, speaking loud and articulating.
- The use : scenes on its situation.
- Advices : It is possible to finish the video giving some advices.e to finish the video giving some advices.)
Linograbado+('''Consigue la tela que quieres personalizar'''.
<u></u>
<u></u>
<u></u>
<u></u>)
Cuiseur multi-combustible+(La structure porteuse (le fût) est encore … La structure porteuse (le fût) est encore la même, la réserve à combustible change et une jupe se rajoute
Vous aurez besoin d'un tuyau de poêle (15x65cm), d'un fût supplémentaire et d'une grille : cette dernière, positionnée au fond de la réserve, est soumise à des températures particulièrement élevée. Aussi, nous vous conseillons d'en acheter une prévue pour les barbecues (lien ci-dessous)
Découpez le tuyau à l'identique de la photo ci-jointe : le fond de la réserve doit être à 5cm du fond du fût. La jupe a une ouverture de 10x10cm pour enfourner le combustible et laisser sortir les gaz de combustion
Concernant les bûchettes, nous privilégions une forme compacte plutôt que du petit bois pour minimiser les recharges. Prenez en compte que dans cette version, des braises tombent au fond du bidon, donc chauffent le sol ! au fond du bidon, donc chauffent le sol !)
Water - Biosand Filter+(Ce manuel est gratuit et open-source. Il peut être téléchargé à l'adresse suivante: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5afb5f6225bf020305339c10/t/5bf67b714fa51a471a435d36/1542880476379/ohorizons_LeMouleEnBois_Manuel_Francais.pdf)
Water - Biosand Filter+(This manual is free and open-source. It can be downloaded at the following address: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5afb5f6225bf020305339c10/t/5bf67b714fa51a471a435d36/1542880476379/ohorizons_LeMouleEnBois_Manuel_Francais.pdf)
Water - Biosand Filter+(Ce manuel est gratuit et open-source. Il peut être téléchargé à l'adresse suivante: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5afb5f6225bf020305339c10/t/5bf67b714fa51a471a435d36/1542880476379/ohorizons_LeMouleEnBois_Manuel_Francais.pdf)
Cultivation of oyster mushrooms+(
*Open the sterilized bottles to inoculate …
*Open the sterilized bottles to inoculate them with your mother spawn, rich in mycelium, delicate passage because it is necessary to be fast enough to limit the risks of contamination during the opening of the bottles. It is important to work in a sterile environment during this operation (clean hands, clean clothes, etc...).
*Using tweezers previously sterilized in rubbing alcohol, place the ends of cardboard boxes covered with mycelium on the substrate of your bottles.
*Close the bottles immediately and put them in your incubator at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light.
*Using tweezers previously sterilized in alcohol at 70°C, place the ends of cardboard boxes covered with mycelium on the substrate of your bottles.
*Close the bottles immediately and put them in your incubator at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light.
at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light.
)
Linogravure+('''Récupérer le tissu que vous voulez cust … '''Récupérer le tissu que vous voulez customisez.'''
'''_____________________________________________________________________________________'''
'''Collect the fabric you want to customize.'''
'''_____________________________________________________________________________________'''
''' اجمعوا القماش''' اجمعوا القماش''')
Linogravure+('''Récupérer le tissu que vous voulez cust … '''Récupérer le tissu que vous voulez customisez.'''
'''_____________________________________________________________________________________'''
'''Collect the fabric you want to customize.'''
'''_____________________________________________________________________________________'''
''' اجمعوا القماش''' اجمعوا القماش''')
Solar Generator Trailer- Electrical System+('''The cheapest and cleanest energy is tha … '''The cheapest and cleanest energy is that which we do not produce/consume !'''
In line with this principle, this approach[https://negawatt.org/sobriete-efficacite négaWatt] proposes to rethink our vision of energy by applying a three step approach: [https://negawatt.org/sobriete-efficacite Sobriety, Efficiency, then renewable energy].
Before sizing a photovoltaic electrical installation, it is necessary to consider several questions:
*What are my needs?
*Which are essential and incompressible?
*Is electricity the most efficient way to meet all these needs?
Detail on these questions applied to the case of our Festival is available in the "Files" tab located above.
To materialize the electricity consumption of everyday equipment and possibly be able to eventually prioritize, the open-source game [http://la-revolt.org/ REVOLT] translates these consumptions in pedaling time.lates these consumptions in pedaling time.)
Wind turbine+('''Wind turbine'''
1 - Preparing the moto … '''Wind turbine'''
1 - Preparing the motor
2 - Motor axis
3 - Preparing the rotor blades
4 - Aileron and base for rotor blades
5 - Assembly
'''Electric circuit'''
1 - Rectifiers
2 - Capacitors
3 - tension stabilizer
4 - Connecting the USB port
Motor protection Connecting the USB port
Motor protection)
Drain and toilet cleaner+('''White vinegar''', otherwise known as sp … '''White vinegar''', otherwise known as spirit vinegar, crystal. It is a 100% natural and biodegradable product with a pH between 3.5 and 5 (acid) with approximately 12% alcohol obtained by macerating an aqueous solution of at least 6% acetic acid (often from beet ethanol). It evaporates naturally without risk (except for a slight and temporary irritation of the throat and eyes if you are in a small space).
Cost: around 0.40€/L, prefer to buy in the food vinegar section (avoid the household section as it is often more expensive and flavoured).
Properties: [https://planetezerodechet.fr/bienfaits-du-vinaigre-blanc-nettoyant-zero-dechet/ More info and G culture here]
* Degreaser,
* Deodoriser
* Preservative (thanks to the acid pH),
* Antiseptic, disinfectant, antiparasitic, antibacterial, antifungal (thanks to the acid pH)
* Descaler / anti-scale (the acid reacts with the limestone to make it disappear in an acid-base reaction causing heat and CO2 bubbles),
* Corrosive to limescale surfaces (can damage wood and plastic in high doses).
'''Sodium bicarbonate''', otherwise known as sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, monosodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, soda, baking soda or natrum bicarbonatum. A fine white powder similar to table salt or talc with a pH of 8-8.5 (base). Made from limestone and salt, bicarbonate is naturally present in the body and is harmless to health. It does not emit fumes or evaporate.
Properties: cleans, scours and deodorises. It dissolves grease and proteins responsible for stains. It prevents the proliferation of bacteria and softens hard water.
Be careful to use the correct type of bicarbonate for each use: for cosmetic use, use only food/cosmetic bicarbonate and for food use, use ONLY food grade bicarbonate
.
'''Citric acid''': white powder similar to salt or liquid (diluted), 100% natural and biodegradable. It is made from molasses (sugar cane fermentation) and a microscopic fungus. Properties: anti-scale, powerful descaler, cleans and dissolves white deposits. It's also a fantastic antioxidant. operties</u>: anti-scale, powerful descaler, cleans and dissolves white deposits. It's also a fantastic antioxidant. <Price: ~ €2/kg or ~€6/L)
المياه - مرشح الرمال الحيوية+('''الأجزاء المختلفة من FBS''' (انظر الصورة … '''الأجزاء المختلفة من FBS''' (انظر الصورة 1) :
يحتوي فلتر الرمال الحيوية على خمس مناطق متميزة:
#منطقة الخزان
#المياه في منطقة السكون
#المنطقة البيولوجية
#المنطقة غير البيولوجية
#منطقة الحصى
'''ماذا يحدث لمسببات الأمراض والشوائب في المرشح؟''' (انظر الصورة 2)
يتم التخلص من مسببات الأمراض والمواد الصلبة العالقة من خلال مجموعة من العمليات الفيزيائية والبيولوجية التي تحدث في الطبقة البيولوجية وداخل الطبقة الرملية. وتشمل هذه العمليات الحبس الميكانيكي والافتراس والامتزاز والموت الطبيعي.
*'''الحبس الميكانيكي.''' . يتم احتجاز المواد العالقة ومسببات الأمراض فيزيائياً في الفراغات بين حبيبات الرمل.
*'''الافتراس.'''يتم استهلاك مسببات الأمراض من قبل الكائنات الحية الدقيقة الأخرى في النظام البيولوجي
*'''الامتزاز.''' ترتبط مسببات الأمراض ببعضها البعض وبالمواد العالقة في الماء وبحبيبات الرمل
*'''الموت الطبيعي.''' تكمل الكائنات الممرضة دورة حياتها أو تموت بسبب عدم وجود ما يكفي من الغذاء أو الأكسجين لبقائها على قيد الحياة.
''' كيفية العمل FBS '''
'''أثناء الترشيح (جريان الماء)'''
(انظر الصورة 3)
عندما يتم سكب الماء في الفلتر، يرتفع مستوى الماء (المعروف أيضًا باسم الرأس الهيدروليكي) ويدفع الماء عبر الناشر والفلتر. ينخفض مستوى الماء في الخزان مع تدفق الماء بثبات عبر الرمال. عندما يمتلئ الخزان، يجب أن يكون معدل التدفق 400 مل في الدقيقة. سوف ينخفض معدل التدفق كلما فرغ الخزان لأن الضغط يقل لدفع الماء عبر الفلتر. يحتوي الماء الذي يصب في الفلتر على الأكسجين المذاب والمواد المغذية والملوثات. تنحصر الجسيمات العالقة ومسببات الأمراض الكبيرة في الطبقة العليا من الرمل وتسد المسام بين حبيبات الرمل جزئياً. يؤدي هذا الانسداد إلى تباطؤ معدل تدفق الفلتر بمرور الوقت. قد يلجأ المستخدمون من حين لآخر إلى إجراء صيانة ”التقليب والتخلص“ لاستعادة معدل تدفق الفلتر.
'''فترة الراحة (عدم تدفق المياه)''' (انظر الصورة 4)
سيتوقف الماء عن التدفق عندما يصل الماء في الخزان إلى نفس مستوى نهاية أنبوب المخرج. (هذا صحيح بالنسبة للمرشحات ذات أنبوب مخرج بقطر 6 مم. انظر الصفحة السابقة). ينتشر جزء من الأكسجين الموجود في الهواء من خلال ماء السكون إلى الطبقة البيولوجية خلال فترة السكون. تمنح فترة الراحة الكائنات الحية الدقيقة في الطبقة البيولوجية الوقت الكافي لاستهلاك مسببات الأمراض والمواد المغذية الموجودة في الماء. تموت مسببات الأمراض في المنطقة غير البيولوجية (أسفل الطبقة البيولوجية) بسبب نقص المغذيات والأكسجين خلال فترة الراحة. يجب أن تستمر فترة الراحة ساعة واحدة على الأقل.
'''ما الذي يجعل FBS مميزة للغاية؟ الطبقة البيولوجية!''' (انظر الصورة 5)
تعيش الميكروبات الصغيرة في الطبقة العلوية من الرمال في طبقة الرمل العلوية. وتُعرف هذه الطبقة باسم الطبقة البيولوجية. الطبقة البيولوجية مهمة جداً لجعل المياه صالحة للشرب. ويستغرق تكوينها حوالي 30 يوماً.
* اليوم الأول: تعيش العديد من الميكروبات في الماء. إنها غير مرئية للعين المجردة، لكنها موجودة! عندما يتم سكب الماء في الفلتر، تبدأ الميكروبات بالعيش في الطبقة العليا من الرمل.
* اليوم 15: كلما استخدمت المرشح، تبدأ المزيد والمزيد من الميكروبات بالعيش في الرمال. تنمو الطبقة البيولوجية. تصبح الميكروبات مرتاحة وتبدأ في البحث عن الطعام.
* اليوم 30: بعد بضعة أسابيع، تبدأ الميكروبات في أكل بعضها البعض. والآن، في كل مرة تضيف فيها الماء، ستأكل الميكروبات الموجودة في الرمال الميكروبات الجديدة في الماء، وخاصة مسببات الأمراض.
يكروبات الجديدة في الماء، وخاصة مسببات الأمراض.
<br/>)
Dry Toilets For Family+(
* Cut a wood rectangle of 4,8*14,6 in and 1,2 thick
* Sand and deburr if required
Notes : This pillar helps to get back when a user sit.
)
Bokashi “Kitchen compost”+(
* Drill numerous holes at the bottom of the compost bucket with the 3mm bit.
)
Haybox or fireless cooker made of a wool blanket+(
* Fold the blanket into thirds and check …
* Fold the blanket into thirds and check that this is enough to enclose your stewpot.
* Cut the blanket into three squares of equal size
* With the rest, cut two squares the width of the stewpot
* Sew these two small pieces in top of each other at the centre of one of the larger squares to make a double base for the stewpot
* Overlay the three large squares on top of each other
* Sew them together by hand around the edges
Sew them together by hand around the edges
)
Bio-sand filter for drinking water+(
* Grind slightly the inside of the PVC pl …
* Grind slightly the inside of the PVC plug (using sandpaper) and the outside of one end of the PVC pipe. Stick them together using PVC glue.
* Drill a hole of the bends diameter in the flexible pipe, 75cm from the bottom of the PVC. Connection between pipe and bend will have to be perfectly sealed.
* Drill many holes in the cover (it has to be a plastic cap).
'''Remark''' : It it recommended that the cover is perfectly adapted to the tube and that is can also be used as "sieve", so that added water would fall slowly on the sand without disturbing the biological layer.
nd without disturbing the biological layer.
)
Spirulina-growing pond+(For ergonomics, it is necessary to adjust … For ergonomics, it is necessary to adjust the height of the basin to the worker's size. The basin is 30 centimeters high. In our case the bottom of the basin is one meter above the ground. When calculating the height of the legs, the thickness of the low and high frames must also be taken into account.
* Make 4 legs with half-rafters,
* Place the corner legs aligned with the corners of the bottom frame,
* Install four central legs, of a single half-rafter, facing each stiffener of the low frame,
* Place a bracket about 30 cm between each center leg and its bottom frame stiffener, four in total.its bottom frame stiffener, four in total.)
Pasteurisation of Fruit and Vegetables+(
* Peel and wash the fruit and vegetables …
* Peel and wash the fruit and vegetables to be pasteurised thoroughly
* Whether from a recipe of your choice (like ratatouille, compote, puréed fruit or veg, fruit in syrup etc...) or cut into pieces in water, place the fruit or veg in a saucepan over heat.
* Heat until brought to a simmer
over heat.
* Heat until brought to a simmer
)
Spirulina farming+(
* Screw a white plastic cap at the end of a ruler or a plastic or wooden rod of about 20 centimeters,
* Scale the stem from 0 to about ten centimeters, with the 0 at the level of the cap.
)
Recycling shower+(
* Using the hole saws, install the plug i …
* Using the hole saws, install the plug in the bottom of the tank and the overflow system at the maximum height of the tank.
* Install the wall passageway on the lowest level of the tank
* Perform a leak test
* Connect the outlet of the plug/overfill to the sewer system
* Remove the drain from the shower tray
* Install the reserve under the shower tray by aligning the hole in the shower tray with the drain in the reserve. (it is interesting to leave the reserve accessible from one side for maintenance)
* In order to be able to open or close the plug from the shower tray, adapt a rod, accessible by hand from the hole in the tray
"Note:
The tank is to be installed under the shower tray. According to the availability of each one:
* Either, take down the actual shower tray, raise him with a structure and install the tank behind (This option can need works more or less important)
* Or, use the actual shower tray to support the tank and install a second tray (From second-hand if possible) above, all thanks to a supporting structure
above, all thanks to a supporting structure
)
Ceramic water filter+(
*'''Clay :'''
Clay is the base material …
*'''Clay :'''
Clay is the base material for the water filter device. A clay pot allows for extremely slow movement of water through the natural pores that exist between the fired clay tablets. The size of these pores has been measured (using an electron microscope) and found to be between 0.6 and 3.0 microns (μm).
They are able to eliminate most bacteria, protozoa and helminths (Lantagne, 2001a), as well as dirt or sediment and organic matter.
The clay used to make classical pottery may be suitable for the production of water filters. However, hydraulic conductivity and pore size can vary widely depending on the type of clay, potentially to the point of not being suitable for flow rates and / or microbiological removal (Oyanedel-Craver and Smith, 2008, in Lantagne et al, 2010, [1]). A high content of sand or silt in the clay can reduce cross-linking of the clay and weaken the structure of the filter. On the other hand, an overly refined clay (smaller particles) has a greater water holding capacity and is therefore more prone to shrinkage and cracking during firing.
As the characteristics of clay are a critical factor in the success or failure of ceramic water filter production, it is recommended that you carefully study the sources and potential types of clay before committing significant resources. Potters for Peace has produced a document providing details of the clay test, listed in the "Reference Note" section [18]
*'''Combustible material :'''
"Combustible" organic materials, such as sawdust or ground rice husks, are added to the clay mixture. When exposed to the high temperatures of the kiln, the "combustible material" burns, leaving behind cavities in the fired clay. Water moves more easily through cavities than through pores in clay. Therefore, the presence of the cavities decreases the distance that water must travel through the clay substrate, and therefore increases the overall flow rate of the filter.
It is important to carry out tests on your materials. The ratio of clay to combustible material is important for establishing the flow rate and therefore the efficacy of the filters.
*'''Colloidal silver''' :
Colloidal silver is a solution made of suspended nanoparticles of silver and silver ions. It has been used as a natural disinfectant in medicine for many years. Although the exact mechanisms of bacterial destruction are not yet fully understood, it appears that colloidal silver breaks down the cell walls of bacteria and then binds to their proteins, thus disrupting their function [[https://www.hwts.info/document/8bda3e01/investigation-of-the-potters-for-peace-colloidal-silver-impregnated-ceramic-filter-report-1-intrinsi 2]] [[https://www.hwts.info/research/1245c13a/protozoa-and-virus-disinfection-by-silver-and-copper-embedded-ceramic-tablets-for-water-purification 3]]. Today it is mainly produced by electrolysis.
The silver applied to the inside and outside of the filter is absorbed into the pores of the clay. The silver ions are reduced to elemental silver and form colloids inside the walls of the filter. Silver acts as a biocide against bacteria when there is sufficient contact time (= not too large pores).
cient contact time (= not too large pores).
)
Homemade toothpaste+(
*'''Coconut oil:''' Used here for its moi …
*'''Coconut oil:''' Used here for its moisturising and antibacterial properties.
Use sparingly! This product comes from far away (France) and therefore has a significant carbon footprint. What's more, coconuts are often harvested by monkeys, who are then held captive and mistreated. (See linked article)
*'''Sodium bicarbonate''' food grade: Used here for its whitening, abrasive action. It can be used for a multitude of purposes (cleaning product, deodorant, heartburn remover, teeth whitening...). Made from limestone and salt. May cause irritation in some people. Can be dissolved or replaced with white clay in this case. Expect to pay ~3-4 euros/kg
*'''Essential oils''' (Tea Tree, lemon, peppermint, etc.) for their antibacterial and refreshing properties. However, use them sparingly, as their manufacture [https://www.jedeviensecolo.fr/huiles-essentielles-le-faux-ami-ecolo/ consumes a lot of natural resources].
*'''White Kaolin clay :''' widely used in oral care products, particularly for its abrasive properties, which help to eliminate bacteria. It will clean teeth while providing a whitening action. White kaolin clay is renowned for its purifying properties in mouth care products. It reduces inflammation and soothes sensitive gums. Approximately 10 euros/kg
s in mouth care products. It reduces inflammation and soothes sensitive gums. Approximately 10 euros/kg
)
Filtro de agua cerámico+(
*'''L'argile :'''
L'argile constitue le …
*'''L'argile :'''
L'argile constitue le matériau de base de l'élément filtrant de l'eau. Un pot d'argile permet un mouvement extrêmement lent de l'eau à travers les pores naturels qui existent entre les plaquettes d'argile cuite. La taille de ces pores a été mesurée (au microscope électronique) entre 0,6 et 3,0 microns (μm).
Ils sont capables d'éliminer la plupart des bactéries, protozoaires et helminthes (Lantagne, 2001a), ainsi que la saleté ou les sédiments et la matière organique.
L'argile utilisé pour faire de la poterie classique peut convenir à la production de filtres à eau. Toutefois, la conductivité hydraulique et la taille des pores peuvent varier considérablement selon le type d'argile, potentiellement au point de ne pas convenir en ce qui concerne les débits et/ou l'élimination microbiologique (Oyanedel-Craver et Smith, 2008, in Lantagne et al, 2010, [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20162486/ 1]]). Une forte teneur en sable ou en limon dans l'argile peut réduire les réticulations de l'argile et affaiblir la structure du filtre . D'autre part, une argile trop raffinée (particules plus petites) a une plus grande capacité de rétention d'eau et est donc plus sujette au rétrécissement et à la fissuration lors de la cuisson.
Comme les caractéristiques de l'argile sont un facteur critique dans le succès ou l'échec de la production de filtres à eau en céramique, il est recommandé d'étudier minutieusement les sources et les types d'argile potentiels avant d'engager des ressources importantes.
Retrouvez le document de Potters for Peace détaillant le protocole de test de l'argile dans la partie "Note de Références" [18]
*'''Le matériau combustible :'''
Des matières organiques " combustibles ", telles que de la '''sciure de bois''' ou des '''balles de riz moulues''', sont ajoutées au mélange d'argile. Lorsqu'il est exposé aux températures élevées du four, le "matériau combustible" brûle, laissant derrière lui des cavités dans l'argile cuite. L'eau se déplace plus facilement dans les cavités que dans les pores de l'argile. Par conséquent, la présence des cavités diminue la distance que l'eau doit parcourir à travers le substrat d'argile, et augmente donc le débit global du filtre.
Il est important d'effectuer des tests avec vos matériaux. Le rapport entre l'argile et le matériau combustible est important pour établir le débit et donc l'efficacité des filtres.
*'''L'argent colloïdal''' :
L'argent colloïdal est une solution de nanoparticules d'argent en suspension et d'ions argent. Il est utilisé comme désinfectant naturel dans la médecine depuis de nombreuses années. Bien que les mécanismes exactes de destruction des bactéries ne soit pas encore tout à fait compris, il semble que l'argent colloïdal cause une rupture des parois cellulaires des bactéries puis se lie à leur protéines troublant ainsi leur fonctionnement [[https://www.hwts.info/document/8bda3e01/investigation-of-the-potters-for-peace-colloidal-silver-impregnated-ceramic-filter-report-1-intrinsi 2]] [[https://www.hwts.info/research/1245c13a/protozoa-and-virus-disinfection-by-silver-and-copper-embedded-ceramic-tablets-for-water-purification 3]]. Aujourd'hui il est principalement produit par électrolyse.
L'argent appliqué à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du filtre est absorbé dans les pores de l'argile. Les ions d'argent sont réduits en argent élémentaire et forment des colloïdes à l'intérieur des parois du filtre. L'argent agit comme un biocide contre les bactéries lorsqu'il y a un temps de contact suffisant (=pores pas trop grand).
parois du filtre. L'argent agit comme un biocide contre les bactéries lorsqu'il y a un temps de contact suffisant (=pores pas trop grand).
)
Filtre à eau céramique+(Toutes les valeurs d'efficacité en laborat … Toutes les valeurs d'efficacité en laboratoire et sur le terrain ont été établies par des essais indépendants. détaillés dans les liens dans la partie "Notes et Références"
Filtre à eau céramique+(Toutes les valeurs d'efficacité en laborat … Toutes les valeurs d'efficacité en laboratoire et sur le terrain ont été établies par des essais indépendants. détaillés dans les liens dans la partie "Notes et Références"
فلتر مياه سيراميك+(
*'''الطين:'''
الطين هو المادة الأساسية ل …
*'''الطين:'''
الطين هو المادة الأساسية لعنصر تصفية المياه. يسمح الإناء الفخاري بحركة بطيئة للغاية للماء من خلال المسام الطبيعية الموجودة بين الصفائح الفخارية المحروقة. وقد تم قياس حجم هذه المسام (باستخدام المجهر الإلكتروني) ليتراوح بين 0.6 و3.0 ميكرون (ميكرومتر).
فهي قادرة على القضاء على معظم البكتيريا والأوليات والديدان الطفيلية (لانتان، 2001 )، وكذلك الأوساخ والرواسب والمواد العضوية.
قد يكون الطين المستخدم في صناعة الفخار التقليدي مناسباً لإنتاج مرشحات المياه. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن تتفاوت الموصلية الهيدروليكية وحجم المسام تفاوتاً كبيراً بين أنواع الطين، وربما إلى درجة عدم ملاءمتها لمعدلات التدفق و/أو الإزالة الميكروبيولوجية (Oyanedel-Craver and Smith، 2008، في لانتان وآخرون، 2010، [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20162486/ 1]]]. يمكن للمحتوى العالي من الرمل أو الطمي في الطين أن يقلل من الارتباط المتقاطع للطين ويضعف بنية المرشح. ومن ناحية أخرى، فإن الطين المكرر جدًا (الجسيمات الأصغر) لديه قدرة أكبر على الاحتفاظ بالماء وبالتالي يكون أكثر عرضة للانكماش والتشقق أثناء الحرق.
{{بما أن خصائص الطين هي عامل حاسم في نجاح أو فشل إنتاج مرشحات المياه الخزفية فمن المستحسن التحقق بعناية من مصادر وأنواع الطين المحتملة قبل تخصيص موارد كبيرة.
يمكنك العثور على وثيقة الخزافون من أجل السلام التي تشرح بالتفصيل بروتوكول اختبار الطين في قسم المراجع [18]}}}.
*''''المواد القابلة للاحتراق: ''''
تُضاف المواد العضوية "القابلة للاحتراق"، مثل "نشارة الخشب" أو "قشور الأرز المطحون" إلى خليط الطين. عند تعريضها لدرجات الحرارة العالية للفرن تحترق "المواد القابلة للاحتراق"، تاركة وراءها تجاويف في الطين المحروق. يتحرك الماء بسهولة أكبر عبر التجاويف أكثر من مسام الطين. وبالتالي، فإن وجود التجاويف يقلل من المسافة التي يجب أن يقطعها الماء عبر الركيزة الطينية، وبالتالي يزيد من معدل التدفق الكلي للمرشح.
[[:Modèle:من المهم اختبار المواد الخاصة بك. فالنسبة بين الطين والمواد القابلة للاحتراق مهمة في تحديد معدل التدفق وبالتالي كفاءة المرشحات]]}.
*''''الفضة الغروية''':
الفضة الغروية هي محلول من جسيمات الفضة النانوية المعلقة وأيونات الفضة. وقد تم استخدامه كمطهر طبيعي في الطب لسنوات عديدة. على الرغم من أن الآليات الدقيقة التي يتم من خلالها تدمير البكتيريا ليست مفهومة تمامًا حتى الآن، يبدو أن الفضة الغروية تسبب تمزقًا في جدران خلايا البكتيريا ثم ترتبط ببروتيناتها، مما يعطل وظيفتها [[https://www.hwts.info/document/8bda3e01/investigation-of-the-potters-for-peace-colloidal-silver-impregnated-ceramic-filter-report-1-intrinsi 2]]. [[https://www.hwts.info/research/1245c13a/protozoa-and-virus-disinfection-by-silver-and-copper-embedded-ceramic-tablets-for-water-purification 3]]. ويتم إنتاجه اليوم بشكل أساسي عن طريق التحليل الكهربائي.
يتم امتصاص الفضة المطبقة على داخل المرشح وخارجه في مسام الطين. تختزل أيونات الفضة إلى عنصر الفضة وتشكل غرويات داخل جدران المرشح. تعمل الفضة كمبيد حيوي ضد البكتيريا عندما يكون هناك وقت تلامس كافٍ (= المسام ليست كبيرة جدًا).
)
*'''胶态银：''' :
胶态银是一种银纳米微粒悬浮液或银离子溶液。多年来，胶态银在医学上被用作天然消毒剂。虽然胶态银杀灭细菌的原理还没有彻底明了，但是，胶态银似乎可以破坏细菌细胞壁，起到干扰细菌蛋白质及蛋白质功能的作用。现在主要通过电解制作胶态银。涂抹于滤水器内外部的银会由黏土孔洞吸收。银离子分解成粒子，在滤水器内壁形成胶质。在黏土孔洞不是太大，银和水有时间充分接触的情况下，银可以起到类似杀虫剂的作用，杀灭细菌
L'argent appliqué à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du filtre est absorbé dans les pores de l'argile. Les ions d'argent sont réduits en argent élémentaire et forment des colloïdes à l'intérieur des parois du filtre. L'argent agit comme un biocide contre les bactéries lorsqu'il y a un temps de contact suffisant (=pores pas trop grand).
parois du filtre. L'argent agit comme un biocide contre les bactéries lorsqu'il y a un temps de contact suffisant (=pores pas trop grand).
)
Farming of edible crickets+(
*Place the egg cartons in the box, leavin …
*Place the egg cartons in the box, leaving a space between each carton.
*Make a drinking trough, such as a chicken trough, with a glass of plastic water in a cup lined with a wire mesh to leave a space between the cup and the glass ( there must not be too much water at the risk of drowning the crickets).
*Place a tray on the egg cartons large enough to hold the trough and feed for the crickets.
hold the trough and feed for the crickets.
)
Thermal curtain - prototype 2+(
*Clean the remaining milk cartons thoroughly.
*Flatten the bricks so that there are no creases.
*Cut the brick as shown in the photo.
*Remove the outer layer of the brick so that a little cardboard remains (be careful not to tear the brick).
)
Homemade deodorant+(
*Food-grade '''sodium bicarbonate''' : Us …
*Food-grade '''sodium bicarbonate''' : Used here for its deodorising action, it can be used for a multitude of purposes (cleaning product, deodoriser, heartburn remover, teeth whitener, etc.). Made from limestone and salt. May cause irritation in some people. Can be replaced with white clay in this case. Cost ~3-4 euros/kg
*'''Cider vinegar or white vinegar''' : used as a deodorant. Has the ability to remove existing odours and reduce the strength of odour-producing bacteria.
*'''Corn starch''' or '''arrow-root''' (= maranta rhizome starch): these are two natural absorbents. They are also used to bind the product.
*'''Coconut oil:''' Used here for its moisturising and antibacterial properties.
Use with parsimony! This product comes from far away (France) and therefore has a significant carbon footprint. What's more, coconuts are often harvested by monkeys, who are then held captive and mistreated. (See linked article)
* '''Tea Tree essential oil''': used for its antibacterial properties and strong odour to delay and then mask the "bad smells" of perspiration.
*'''Palmarosa essential oil''': Recommended for its antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Use sparingly! The production of essential oils requires an enormous amount of natural resources. What's more, they are not suitable for everyone and can be allergenic. Test a small amount on the wrist before use, then wait 2 days. Not recommended for pregnant women or children. Don't hesitate to consult this guide: https://lestrappeus.es/huiles-essentielles-bebe-et-famille-friendly/
*'''Beeswax''': Used for both its hydrophobic [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobe] and antibacterial properties, its high melting point (63°C) means that the deodorant remains solid in all circumstances.
g/wiki/Hydrophobe] and antibacterial properties, its high melting point (63°C) means that the deodorant remains solid in all circumstances.
)
Multifunctional Crankset+(
*Salvage the hub of the front wheel (whic …
*Salvage the hub of the front wheel (which is not used) and remove all spokes.
*Attach a pulley on either side of the hub. Transmission pulley 1 will be driven by a belt connected to the bike wheel, and transmission pulley 2 will power the desired tool with a second belt.
*Secure the hub on a block of wood with the eye straps. This block of wood will later be attached to the table.
f wood will later be attached to the table.
)
Brick wallet+(- Rinse the inside thoroughly with water
- Dry the brick with a cloth
- Dry the inside of the brick)
Kombucha fabric+(This step lasts about 5 minutes. It is ver … This step lasts about 5 minutes. It is very important the liquid is below 30°Celcius, before adding the other ingredients: - to prevent odor vinegar emission - not to kill the starter and SCOBY
* Pour the vinegar + add mix previously made + the Starter Mix
* Add your SCOBY
* Cover the tray and protect it from light* Cover the tray and protect it from light)
Autonomous solar watermaker+(1 Solar concentrator
1.1 Frame
1.2 M … 1 Solar concentrator
1.1 Frame
1.2 Main reflector
1.2.1 Support for main reflector
1.2.2 Mirrors
1.3 Secondary reflector
1.3.1 Support for secondary reflector
1.3.2 Secondary reflector and copper pipe
2 Watermaker
2.1 Evaporation tank
2.1.1 Frame
2.1.2 Stages
2.1.3 Copper pipe
2.2 Condensation tank
2.2.1 Frame
2.2.2 Copper pipes
2.2.2.1 Copper condensing coil
2.2.2.2 Copper water inlet pipe
2.2.2.3 Copper water outlet pipe
2.2.3 Cover
3 Total circuit
3.1 Circuit closing pipes4
3.2 Pump
3.1 Circuit closing pipes4
3.2 Pump)
The Norwegian Kettle (Hay Box)+('''Note''': The small box must be at least … '''Note''': The small box must be at least 1 cm higher than the cooking pot and at least 4 cm wider or longer
1) Using either a wood saw or a jig saw cut the wooden planks using the measurements taken previously
2) Assemble the wooden planks using nails and a hammer
'''Planks for the small box'''
- 2 planks (1 cm taller than the cooking pot) x (4 cm longer than the cooking pot)
-2 planks (1 cm taller than the cooking pot) x (4 cm wider than the cooking pot)
- 1 or several planks (4 cm wider than the pot) x (4cm longer than the pot) than the pot) x (4cm longer than the pot))
Wtl+(1.Demander votre fille/ fils ou petite fil … 1.Demander votre fille/ fils ou petite fils/fille de comprendre votre dernier facture d'eau (souvent dispo en ligne).
2. Faites les calculs de combien litres consomme par personnes au foyer par jour.
3. Attribuer plus au moins à chaque point d'eau (salle de bain , toilette, cuisine , jardin, piscine etc) la consommation. voir tuto The water Family en ligne.
4. Finalement relevé la compteur d'eau '''n'oublier pas a la dater.'''teur d'eau '''n'oublier pas a la dater.''')
You can dispense with this step by choosing a smaller pot for the upper part of the oya
Goal: that the upper parts of the pots fit together well enough two by two to then allow a solid, watertight seal.
Even when manufactured industrially, clay pots are not always perfectly round, and their dimensions can vary.
If the 2 pots do not fit together sufficiently:
#look for a better fit by turning the top one on its axis
#plane the rim of the pot using a wood file, a sander or an angle grinder
Once fitted, mark the chosen position.
im of the pot using a wood file, a sander or an angle grinder
Once fitted, mark the chosen position.
<br/>)
Lacto-Fermented Preserves+(<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
* Peel and wash the vegetables carefully
* Depending on preference, grate or cut them into dice or strips.
* Leave those vegetables which are usually left whole as they are, following washing (e.g green beans).
</div>)
'''_____________________________________________________________________________________'''
'''Collect the fabric you want to customize.'''
'''_____________________________________________________________________________________'''
''' اجمعوا القماش''' اجمعوا القماش''')
'''_____________________________________________________________________________________'''
'''Collect the fabric you want to customize.'''
'''_____________________________________________________________________________________'''
''' اجمعوا القماش''' اجمعوا القماش''')
Collective laundry practice+(<u>The individual reflection:</u& … The individual reflection:
Take a pen and a paper, and try to answer to these questions. The goal is to define the habits and needs of each laundry practice.
''1. How often do you do the laundry?''
''2. Do you sort your clothes?''
''3. If yes, how?''
''4. Which machine programs do you use?''
''5. What do you like about your practice?''
''6. What would you change in your practice? ''our practice?''
''6. What would you change in your practice? '')
Fermented drinks - Homemade sodas+(For 1 l of ginger ale :
*1 l of non chlor … For 1 l of ginger ale :
*1 l of non chlorinated water
*50 gr of sugar
*50 gr of fresh peeled and thinly chopped ginger
*5 cl of lemon juice
*5 cl of ginger bug (filtered liquid only)
This dosage of ginger is indicative and results in a slightly spicy beverage. The lemon juice only adds flavour and takes no part in the fermentation process.
#Fill a pot with water, ginger and lemon juice and sugar. Bring to boil until the sugar is dissolved.
#Remove from heat and decant in a 1.5 l jar. Let cool at room temperature.
#Add the ginger bug (don't forget to put back as much water as you took in the ginger bug, with a pinch of sugar).
#Close hermetically and let ferment for 2-5 depending on the room temperature.
#Filter and put in a bottle (a glass bottle with joint and metal lid or a plastic soda bottle).
#Use within 2-3 days if kept at room temperature or under 2 weeks if kept in the fridge.re or under 2 weeks if kept in the fridge.)
Domestic biodigestor+(The entry of the system will be the biodig … The entry of the system will be the biodigestor mouth. The installation will first be done to verify dimensions of the system, and then will be dissasembled and definitively glued.
* Put a PVC pipe in one of the digestor openings, without putting it too much inside (this would reduce matter circulation).
* Create a 90° angle using two 45° bends. On small diameter tubes, it is better to have smooth angles, as a direct 90° angle would get stuck more easily.
* Build the "mouth" with large diameter pipes. The larger the mouth is, the easier it will be to feed the digestor. A first fermentation process happens in the mouth. An unscrewable lid closes the mouth.
* Link the mouth to the digestor, placing it higher than the digestor, so that matter can circulate in the system with gravity. can circulate in the system with gravity.)
Solar water heater+(Refrigerators are numerous in waste collec … Refrigerators are numerous in waste collection centres, it is necessary to identify those which have the adequate grids (see Preface - Grid) and of the largest possible dimension.
Pinching the pipes at the outlet of the compressor will limit the exhaust of refrigerant gases.
Cut the pipes as close as possible to the compressor to ensure maximum length with the grid.
Unscrew the grid.
Wash the grid with soapy water.
Blow a blower into the pipes to remove impurities.
Seal the pipes with tape to prevent impurities from getting into them, as they may have a small diameter and become obstructed.ve a small diameter and become obstructed.)
Pare-soleil pour fenêtres, velux, baies vitrées...+(Cette étape n'est pas détaillée car elle e … Cette étape n'est pas détaillée car elle est simple si on sait coudre, ce qui est un prérequis.
Pour qu'elles puissent être accrochées, les voiles devront avoir des boutonnières ou de petits élastiques :
- pour les fenêtres battantes et les velux, de petits élastiques sont la solution la plus pratique, mais des boutonnières pourraient convenir
- pour les baies vitrées, il faut impérativement des boutonnièress, il faut impérativement des boutonnières)
Machine à laver à pédales+(En fonction des points de fixation que vou … En fonction des points de fixation que vous avez sur votre tambour. Dans notre cas nous avons pu fixer une pièce métalique qui a fait office de pied (récupérée sur la machine d'origine).
Il manquait d'un côté des points de fixation. J'ai donc mis une pièce en bois vissée directement dans le plastic.n bois vissée directement dans le plastic.)
Machine à laver à pédales+(En fonction des points de fixation que vou … En fonction des points de fixation que vous avez sur votre tambour. Dans notre cas nous avons pu fixer une pièce métalique qui a fait office de pied (récupérée sur la machine d'origine).
Il manquait d'un côté des points de fixation. J'ai donc mis une pièce en bois vissée directement dans le plastic.n bois vissée directement dans le plastic.)
Pare soleil climatiseur+(Etendre la couverture de survie sur une surface plane, face argentée vers le bas.
Reporter les mesures au marqueur, et tracer les lignes à l'aide de la règle.)
Ivy liquid detergent+(Collect around 50 leaves for 1L of water
… Collect around 50 leaves for 1L of water
*Where to find ivy
Ivy is a shade plant that generally grows on tree trunks but also on the north faces of buildings and low walls.
*Recognise ivy
Ivy leaves are alternate, with a fairly sturdy limb, dark green or slightly whitish around the edges. Young leaves are star-shaped, while adult leaves have two different shapes depending on their function:
- stem leaves are palmatinervate with 5 more or less deep lobes (sometimes 3)
- those of floriferous stems (with access to light) are oval, with a sharp apexith access to light) are oval, with a sharp apex)
Face mask for coronavirus - Quick version+(Cut out 1 or 2 or 3 rectangles (depending … Cut out 1 or 2 or 3 rectangles (depending on the fabric combination chosen) measuring 20x28 cm.
Layer them inside out.
Stop the edge threads with the serger, or if you don't have one, with a simple sewing machine, using the zig-zag stitch. Depending on fabric elasticity, adapt zig-zag stitch sizes. First test it on a scrap of fabric.sizes. First test it on a scrap of fabric.)
Télécharger tous les fichiers csv des années et mois à partir desquels vous souhaitez que les calculs soient effectués, placer les dans un repertoire de votre choix et dezipper les (format archive gz). Placer également dans ce répertoire le fichier processing.py contenant le code partagé dans ce tutoriel.
Exemple en ligne de commande linux debian pour télécharger et dézipper tous les csv de l'année 2020 dans un repertoire ~/synop:
(Dans la suite du tutoriel on utilise toutes les données des années 2010 à 2020)
Pour utiliser python sous un autre os que linux, débrouillez vous avec vos daubes propriétaires intrusives.
Sous linux, python est généralement installé et pour utiliser le code partagé dans ce tuto, il suffira de copier coller le code dans un fichier processing.py puis entrer
python processing.py
Cependant, il faut installer la librairie pandas qui est très largement utilisé dans le monde de la finance et dans le monde scientifique, notamment pour sa gestion efficace des séries temporelles et sa capacité de vectorisation des données.
Pour cela voici les commandes à entrer dans linux debian avant de lancer le script processing.py pour être tranquille:
Penser ensuite à activer l'environnement virtuel dans lequel est installé pandas chaque fois que vous utilisez le script (apres un reboot ou si vous fermez et reouvrez votre terminal) en lançant la commande:
cd ~ && source venv/bin/activate
Nous sommes en 2024 et si vous êtes cibles d'entraves anti éco-terroristes de psychopathes comme moi, et en bon scientifique qui se respecte vous inspectez vos instruments de mesures avant de les utiliser, vous pouvez inspectez le code source de pandas qui est évidemment logiciel libre ici : https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas , ou vous pouvez faire l'hypothèse discutable qu'on peut avoir confiance dans un logiciel aussi massivement utilisé dans le monde de la finance et de la science.
Python reposant sur des librairies C pour un certains nombres d'opérations de base, le hack, y compris le hack scientifique, n'est jamais impossible mais on laissera de coté ces considérations pro-lowtech qui n'entrent pas dans le champ de réflexion de ce tutoriel.uments de mesures avant de les utiliser, vous pouvez <br />inspectez le code source de pandas qui est évidemment logiciel libre ici : <br />https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas , ou vous pouvez faire l'hypothèse <br />discutable qu'on peut avoir confiance dans un logiciel aussi massivement <br />utilisé dans le monde de la finance et de la science.<br /><br />Python reposant sur des librairies C pour un certains nombres d'opérations <br />de base, le hack, y compris le hack scientifique, n'est jamais impossible <br />mais on laissera de coté ces considérations pro-lowtech qui n'entrent pas <br />dans le champ de réflexion de ce tutoriel.)
Plastic bottle cutter+(Drill two holes in the board. In these two … Drill two holes in the board. In these two holes are bolted bolts, around which are inserted washers. A cutter blade is disposed between the washers.
With this device, we can cut plastic bottles to transform them into yarn of adjustable thickness (the thickness of the yarn is modified with the height of the cutter blade).
On the system used here, the dimensions are slightly different. The manufacturing remains exactly the same, but the dimensions given in this tutorial are optimized compared to those shown in the photos.zed compared to those shown in the photos.)
Worm Compost Bins+(Drill with drill bit to make the hole for the valve tap and fit the stainless ball or butterfly valvetap (1/2” inch or 3/4” inch) with hydraulic fittings.
The tap should be approximately 5-10cm from the bottom of the barrel.)
Made-to-measure mosquito net+(First of all, you need to '''measure the s … First of all, you need to '''measure the size of your window'''. You need to measure the '''empty space''', i.e. the '''smallest opening''', where you can put your hand.
To do this, use a tape measure to measure the '''height/length''' and '''width''' of the window, as shown in the diagram.
Measuring your window is the essential step in the tutorial, without it you won't be able to make a mosquito net
the tutorial, without it you won't be able to make a mosquito net</div>
</div><br/>)
Offgrid photovoltaic installation sizing+(Firstly we need to estimate your electric … Firstly we need to estimate your electric consumption
To do that, we need to take into account the correct temporal scales:
mean consumption on the one hand, but also daily variations (consumtion variations
according to day time) and seasonal variations (consumption in winter and in summer for example).
This exercise is not only interesting for sizing adequately the production,
but also to think how to reduce your consumption. For example, it is absurd to heat up
with electric heater if your main source of energy is photovoltaic.
Another example is the water heater that consumes consequent quantities of energy
which are relatively linear to the number of hot showers you take
and that can question the relevant source of energy to heat up your water or the number of showers
adequate for a non fossil production (we can usefully wonder
how to switch to a thermic solar source of energy and /or heat up with wood or biogaz)
NB: for a shower of 10min at 40°C, you approximately need 3kWh, so approximately the biomethane generated daily by 100 hen's poo
(order of magnitude)
To measure your consumption, you can use your electric meter.
Thus, you can measure your daily consumption but alos the horary consumption
of every electrical device (the simpler is to remove the electric fuse of all devices
you dont want to measure) of all devices
you dont want to measure))
Water tank+(Firstly, you need to cut the pallets so th … Firstly, you need to cut the pallets so that only the right size pieces remain.
We decided to keep the same length and width of 3 slats, as on the 1st
We decided to cut out 3 pallets like these, and fix the last side with their offcuts, as shown in the last photo.their offcuts, as shown in the last photo.)
Plastic pyrolyzer+(For this test, plastic waste is mostly polypropylene.)
Preservation module+(Fruits and vegetables are all differents. … Fruits and vegetables are all differents. That's why they need different environments, mainly based on ambient temperature, light and relative humidity.
ADVICE
There are sometimes several ways to preserve fruits and vegetables. The best way to choose is to try !tables. The best way to choose is to try !)
Thrifty and stand-alone water point+(Gather 3 transversal battens from the wooden box (1 short / 2 long) et use them to make a T-shaped lever (around 25cm - 10 inch long). Attach those 3 pieces with some glue.)
Warmer+(Here are the quantities for one warmer ! T … Here are the quantities for one warmer ! The mass of vinegar depends on its concentration.
===Quantity for one warmer===
35g baking soda
Concentration of vinegar [%] [g
Mass of vinegar [g]
Approximate volume of vinegar [mL
6
415
415
8
315
315
10
250
250
12
210
210
14
180
180
16
155
155
These values are approximate. You can find out how to calculate them in the theoretical sections.
NB: The density of vinegar is very close to that of water, 1kg for 1L.;</tr><tr>
<td>14
</td><td>180
</td><td>180
</td></tr><tr>
<td>16
</td><td>155
</td><td>155
</td></tr></table>
These values are approximate. You can find out how to calculate them in the theoretical sections.
</div>
NB: The density of vinegar is very close to that of water, 1kg for 1L.)
Passive speaker+(In order to carry out these tests in the b … In order to carry out these tests in the best possible conditions, you need to go to a place that is as quiet as possible (this helps to avoid unwanted noise). The microphone and loudspeaker to be tested should then be placed on a stable surface with a constant distance between them.
We then play white noise from the loudspeaker, which will be recorded on audacity. The analysis -> plot spectrum option will show the distortions in the sound and allow you to compare the different speakers. allow you to compare the different speakers.)
Offgrid rain water harvesting sizing+(In this tutorial, we use meteorological sy … In this tutorial, we use meteorological synop data available here:
http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/ with description here:
Download all csv files with months and years with which you want to make the computing, put them in a directory of your choice and unzip them (archive format is gz). Also put in this directory the file processing.py containing the code shared in this tutorial.
Example in debian linux command line to download and unzip all csv of year 2020 in a directory ~/synop:
(In the tutorial we use all data from 2010 to 2020)
To use python under another operating system, please get by with your proprietary and intrusive crap.
Under linux, python is usually installed and to use the code shared here, you'll just have to copy and paste the code in a text file called processing.py and then enter
python processing.py
However, you will have to install pandas library which is massively used in finance and science industries, in particular for its efficient timeseries handling and vectorisation capacities.
To do so, here are the commands to enter in a linux debian system before running processing.py to be ok:
Mind to activate virtual environment where pandas is installed each time you use the script (after a reboot or if you close and open again the terminal) with this command:
cd ~ && source venv/bin/activate
We are in 2024 and if you are being targetted and shackled as ecoterrorists like me, you will want to inspect your measurements instruments before use, so you can inspect the source code of pandas, which is of course free software, here: https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas Or you can arguably suppose you can trust a software so massively used in finance and science industries.
Python relies on C libraries for some basics operations, and hack, including scientific hack, is never impossible, but we will let these pro-lowtech considerations aside that are out-of-scope of the perspectives of this tutorial.being targetted and shackled as ecoterrorists like me, you will want to inspect your measurements instruments before use, so you can inspect the source code of pandas, which is of course free software, here: <br />https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas <br />Or you can arguably suppose you can trust a software so massively used in finance and science industries.<br /><br />Python relies on C libraries for some basics operations, and hack, including scientific hack, is never impossible, but we will let these pro-lowtech considerations aside that are out-of-scope of the perspectives of this tutorial.)
Micro gasifier stove+(1 - On the bottom of the box (2), mark the … 1 - On the bottom of the box (2), mark the location of about fifteen holes distributed over the entire surface.
In the upper part of the box (2), mark the location of about ten holes, evenly distributed around the can.
2 - Then drill at the marked locations with a 7 mm drill bit (or with the hammer and nail).m drill bit (or with the hammer and nail).)
Serre à structure PVC+(
* Placer la bâche sur la structure sans l …
* Placer la bâche sur la structure sans l’abîmer.
* Vérifier que la bâche est assez longue pour tapisser toute la tranchée
* Reboucher la tranchée avec la terre d'origine pour fixer et tendre la bâche (le poids de terre doit être suffisant pour maintenir l'ensemble de la bâche.
* Faire cette opération lorsque le soleil tape et qu'il fait chaud (la bâche sera plus souple et lorsque il fera plus froid la bâche se tendra.
* Rabattre la bâche aux extrémités pour la fixer (pincée) aux chevrons en bois avec une lattes et des vis à bois.
* Reboucher également les tranchées situées aux extrémités.
ement les tranchées situées aux extrémités.
)
Desert fridge - light version+(Making (or finding) a cylindrical bag allowing the introduction of the container surrounded by 5 centimetres of sand under it and around it. Providing a slide and enough fabric height to be able to close the bag around the container.)
Accès à l'Eau Forage et Pompe+(Pour chaque méthode de forage manuel, un t … Pour chaque méthode de forage manuel, un tutoriel explique comment confectioner les outils.
[https://smartcentregroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Mzuzu-drilling-2.-How-to-make.-Vrs.-20210602.pdf Tutoriel de fabrication de l'outillage de forage Mzuzu]
[https://smartcentregroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Making-a-SHIPO-Drill-set-20190426.pdf Tutoriel de fabrication de l'outillage de forage SHIPO]abrication de l'outillage de forage SHIPO])
Bio-Coal+(Provide us with you remarks, ideas, experiences [http://lowtechlab.wikifab.org/index.php/Discussion:Bio_Charbon '''here'''] to help us improve this lowtech!)
Low-tech Computer+(We recommend using the Low-tech computer t … We recommend using the Low-tech computer to be able to consult Wikipedia offline.
To do this, we will use the '''Kiwix''' software. This free software allows you to have the entire Wikipedia encyclopedia ('''and many other contents''') in hand wherever you are! On a boat in the middle of nowhere or even in prison, it allows access to all of human knowledge. You do not need internet access, everything is saved on your computer, your USB key or DVD.
For this you will need:
*Kiwix (the software)
*The ZIM file with the Wikipedia content in the specific language that the user wants (for ex. French).
We will present two slightly different installation options:
*Option 1: Use Kiwix as a Reader
The KIWIX Reader allows you to '''consult offline, without an internet connection, content packages''' (Wikipedia, TEDx, ...) in ZIM format. It is available for all major operating systems (Windows, Mac, GNU/Linux, Android). It comes as a standalone application or browser plugin. Install it and consult Wikipedia content directly on your Low-tech computer.
*Option 2: Use Kiwix as a Hotspot
KIWIX hotspot allows you to '''convert a low-cost mini-computer like the Raspberry Pi into a relay to distribute free content, without an internet connection, via a local network'''. This solution is especially useful for schools, libraries, communities, humanitarian organizations, etc. End users only need a device capable of detecting the network with the browser, they do not need to download and install anything on their device. KIWIX Hotspot works on Windows, macOS and Linux.eir device. KIWIX Hotspot works on Windows, macOS and Linux.)
Desert fridge+(The Zeer Pot is:
2 terracotta (or clay) p … The Zeer Pot is:
2 terracotta (or clay) pottery interwoven with a layer of moist sand of about 4 cm between the two.
The inner jar contains food to keep cool.
The sand allows the refrigeration of the system.
The outer pot contains it all.
The water contained in the sand needs energy to be transformed into steam, this is the principle of evaporation.
In this case, the heat contained in the internal pot will supply this energy and allow the water to evaporate.
This thermal reaction lowers the internal pot temperature and keeps the food cool.l pot temperature and keeps the food cool.)
Black Soldier Fly breeding+(The breeding environment can be made with … The breeding environment can be made with various materials. For the prototype of the boat for example, we built a wooden box in which we put a plastic bin containing the waste and larvae (See photo). For example, you can use a plastic drum cut on top, or a simple plastic box.
'''For the construction:'''
'''1. Preparation of the boards'''
*Using an electric or hand saw, cut the 6 boards to the right lengths
*Sand the boards
*Apply an undercoat on all sides of the boards and allow to dry
*Apply a coat of wood paint and let it dry
*Apply a coat of varnish (optional) and let it dry
'''2. Assembly of the box'''
*Using the angles and screws, assemble the boards on the bottom of the box
*Using angles and screws, connect the different sides of the box
*Cut out cleats to strengthen the inside of the box and attach the lid to it.
*Using screws, fix the cleats on the upper part of the walls
*Prepare the cover by installing hinges.
*Install the cover on the box and fix the hinges
'''3. Preparation of the waste box'''
If the sides of your waste bin are not very high, it may be useful to put an additional barrier against larvae escape
*Pass an old used inner tube all around your tray and leave a part coming out towards the inside
*Staple the inner tube to the tray
*Place the tray at the bottom of the box and stick it against one side
'''4. Preparation of the slope'''
*Cut the board in the shape of a trapezoid so that it forms a ramp when placed on the waste and joins the edge of the box at an angle of less than 45 degrees
*Cut cleats to fit the external shapes of the ramp
*Secure them with screws on the ramp
'''5. Installation of the ramp '''
To facilitate maintenance, we put the ramp on a hinge to be able to lift it up and easily remove the bin from the waste
*Install a hinge on the lower part of the ramp
*Attach the hinge to the box
'''6. Cutting of the holes on the box'''
In order to allow the entry of flies and the exit of larvae, holes must be drilled on the sides of the box.
For larvaes:
*Measure the location where the ramp arrives and count 2cm high for the opening
*Using a drill, make holes at the 4 ends of your opening
*Using a saw, connect these holes to create an opening
For the flies
*On the sides of the box, drill with a hole saw about ten openings of 5cm in diameter
'''7. Placing of the larvae collection box'''
*Using screws, fix the plastic box under the larvae exit slot
Make sure that the ramp is firmly fixed against the wall so that the larvae cannot fall back into the tank. If necessary, staple a bracket from the ramp to the collection box
'''8. Laying supports (if no separate aviary)'''
*Cut out pieces of cardboard boxes that are 10cm by 5cm thick.
*Assemble 4 pieces with string
*Attach two screws to the cleats at both ends of the box
*Hang a string on these screws
*Hang the egg-laying supports on the string so that they are as close as possible to the waste
'''The general recommendations for the design of the living environment are :'''
- Size your waste bin according to your weekly volume. Indeed, it is not necessary to have a too thick layer of substrate so it is better to be able to spread out your waste rather than stack it.
- Drill holes so that female flies can come and lay eggs inside.
- Place the egg-laying supports above the waste, as close as possible. These can be made of honeycomb cardboard or wooden planks separated by a pin (a gap must be left in which the flies will lay their eggs). During hatching, the larvae will fall directly into the waste.
- Have a well sealed waste box to prevent larvae from escaping in case of lack of food.
- Put a ramp for the exit of the larvae. It can be inclined up to 45 degrees but prefer a softer slope. As larvae tend to follow the edges of the box to find the exit, it may be good if the ramp is the full width of the box.
- Avoid the ventilation holes on top to protect the substrate as much as possible from rain.
Do not bring water into contact with eggs, they would burst!
On the pictures, you can see the plans of the system we had validated and that works on the boat. The fly inlet/outlet holes on the top have been plugged and the aviary attached to the cover has been changed to a separate aviary, see below. works on the boat. The fly inlet/outlet holes on the top have been plugged and the aviary attached to the cover has been changed to a separate aviary, see below.)
Garde-Manger: Pantry Storage+(The first step in using a food-storage sys … The first step in using a food-storage system, such as the one proposed here, is for the user to question the ways in which they buy and consume.
Given that food storage modules that we're going to propose below are mainly designed for raw and fresh foods, it would be complicated for the user feeding themselves with ready-made meals to benefit from the technical suggestions provided, for example.
The "Zero Waste" approach, originating from Franco-American Béa Johnson, is an excellent method to put into practice. It enables, at the same time, a significant reduction of waste produced globally (packaging, plastic, etc).
[https://www.zerowastefrance.org/ Zero Waste France] is a very good resource for complementary information on helping consumers take action.ormation on helping consumers take action.)
Coco soap+(The first step is to extract the coconut o … The first step is to extract the coconut oil from ripe coconut (brown nuts). Here is the procedure:
* Open the coconut
* Scrape the pulp with a scraper if you do not have a mixer-blender. If you own a blender you can detach the pulp from the shell roughly and mix everything.
* Put the resulting coconut crumbs in a container, cover with hot water and mix well. If you use a blender you can directly cover with hot water and mix.
* Place a clean towel over a second container and filter the resulting coconut milk. press the cloth tightly to obtain as much filtrate as possible.
* Place the coconut milk obtained in a plastic bottle and allow to settle until two distinct phases are obtained. We find the coconut cream above and the water below. Drill a small hole in the bottom of the bottle to let the water escape and plug the hole to keep the cream.
* Pour the cream into a pan and cook over medium heat, stirring. Burnished cream and translucent oil is extracted. This step can take several tens of minutes.
* Filter the extracted coconut oil.nutes.
* Filter the extracted coconut oil.)
Orangepi-raspberry pi nextcloud server (photovoltaics powered)+(The links to the photovoltaics material ar … The links to the photovoltaics material are in the autonomie.ods file (readable with libreoffice) attached to this tutorial.
- raspberry pi :
42€ on leboncoin
-Orange pi :
single board computer: Orange pi 5
single board computer with 4,8,16 or 32 Go of ram
2,4Ghz ARM Cortex-A55 CPU
This card is compatible with nvme pcie 2.0 hard drives (2242 or 2230, pcie is retrocompatible ie 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 work with lower speed on orange pi 5)
Same principle as here but a bit more powerful and we can plug a hard drive (useful for nextcloud which is made to host files) and it starts automatically on a usb stick
Price: 143€ brand new on aliexpress in version 16 Go on the 2nd of august 2023
Second hand on leboncoin: we find more easily raspberry pi at around 100€.
It is necessary to buy a small box at 10€ (or make one) to avoid a naked single board computer
-hard drive
Here we use a kingston usb stick of 32Go and a nvme samsung 512Go card
We can plug a hard drive of higher capacity in usb, or a nvme card (nvme pcie 2.0 ssd 2242 or 2230) compatible with pcie 3.0 4.0 and above but the speed is reduced
A nvme samsung 2242 card of 500Go is about 50€ on the 2nd of august 2023.
-usb stick : 10€
- rj45 cable: 5€
-Internet box or 4G modem according to your internet connection
-solar pannel: here we use a flexible 120W pannel bougth 115€ brand new but we can find second hand ones at 30€ on leboncoin for an equivalente peak power.
Note: for the theoretical need. See file autonomy.ods
-second hand battery: use the previous lead acid battery of your car when it crashes when it's too hot in summer!
-12V/24V-usb 5V battery converter: 20€ avoid amazon if you can
- pwm regulator 30A: 30€ brand new if you dont buy corporate brand
- DRL (day/night switch 13V): 1,5€ brand new
(key word "Kit de feux de jour à LED pour voiture, contrôleur marche/arrêt automatique DRL" in french)
-electric mc4 cable: 20€
Total second hand price for orangepi: 256,50€
Total brand new price for orangepi: 431,50€
Total second hand price for raspberry: 165€
See autonomie.ods
- for raspberry: 165€
See autonomie.ods
-)
Hydroponics+(In order to gain in autonomy, it is possib … In order to gain in autonomy, it is possible to install a timer system thanks to a programmable electrical socket or an arduino allowing to program the starting of the pump and the bubbler.
* Indeed, for a better development of the plants, it is advisable to proceed to a regular watering alternated with dry breaks. This water stress will strengthen the roots.
For this purpose, we recommend that the pump be switched on for 30 minutes every 2 hours during the day. No watering at night.
* The biofilter needs to be aerated regularly for good growth and survival of bacteria.
'''We recommend lighting the bubbler for 1 minute every 5 minutes, 24 hours a day.'''
'''Arduino control system: '''
[[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]]
[[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]]
<br/>)
Biodiesel+(Before it can be converted, the used oil m … Before it can be converted, the used oil must be filtered first in order to remove any possible food residues (fries, doughnuts...). We recommend you let the oil settle for a few days. An initial filtration must be carried out to get rid of the biggest particles (e.g.: with a double cotton sheet or a sock...). Then pour the oil into a 5µm maximum filter bag (the finer the better) above the clean canister, prepared beforehand.e the clean canister, prepared beforehand.)
Micro-gasifier Cooking Stove+(- Put tin can (2) into the large tin can (1) as shown in the diagram.
- Place tin can (3) on top of the two other tin cans which have been nested one inside the other.
- The pyrolytic stove is now ready for you to use !)
Solar water heater+(The creation of the chamber is very easy : … The creation of the chamber is very easy : cut the bottom of the bottle in a way that you could slot them together (picture).
The more complicated step is to slot at the base of your pile two bottle in the opposite direction, in a way that the edge of the chamber are neck.
/!\ Wait before sealing with the adhesive tape !it before sealing with the adhesive tape !)
Batteries recovery+(This tutorial shows how to recover the bat … This tutorial shows how to recover the battery cells from a computer in order to create a new battery. Powered by a solar panel or by a USB port, it will allow you to light a LED lamp.
The system works around three modules:
* the energy reception module: the solar panel and its charge controller
* the energy storage module: the battery
* the module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator
'''Energy Receiving Module: Photovoltaic Panel & Charge Controller'''
The photovoltaic panel concentrates the energy of the sun. It allows to recover its energy in order to store it in the battery. But be careful, the amount of energy received by the panel is irregular depending on the time of day, the weather... It is important to install a charge/discharge regulator between the panel and the battery to protect it against overload, among other things.
'''Energy storage module: the battery'''
It is made of two lithium cells recovered from a computer. To put it in a nutshell, a battery is a bit like a box containing several batteries: each of them is a cell, a unit that supplies power to the device by electrochemical reaction.
The cells found in computers are lithium cells. They all have the same capacity to store energy, but their capacity to deliver it is different for each. To make a battery from cells it is important that they all have the same capacity to deliver energy. It is therefore necessary to measure the capacity of each cell to compose homogeneous batteries.
'''The module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator'''
Our batterie delivers a 3.7V current and our LED lamps work with 12V. So we need to transform the cell's energy from 3.7V to 12V : thanks to the voltage regulator called DC/DC booster.
A small screw on this module allows to regulate voltage. You can set it to 12V - or another voltage according to your LED's characteristics.r another voltage according to your LED's characteristics.)
Solar lamp with reused lithium cells+(This tutorial shows how to recover compute … This tutorial shows how to recover computer cells to make a new battery. Powered by a solar panel, or by a USB port, it will allow you to light an LED lamp.
The system works around three modules:
* the energy reception module: the solar panel and its charge controller
* the energy storage module: the battery
* the module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator
'''Energy Receiving Module: Photovoltaic Panel & Charge Controller'''
The photovoltaic panel concentrates the energy of the sun. It allows to recover its energy in order to store it in the battery. But be careful, the amount of energy received by the panel is irregular depending on the time of day, the weather... it is important to install a charge/discharge regulator between the panel and the battery. This will be protected against overload, among other things.
'''Energy storage module: the battery'''
It is composed of two lithium cells recovered from a computer. To put it in a nutshell, a battery is a bit like a box containing several batteries: each of them is a cell, a unit that supplies power to the device by electrochemical reaction.
The cells found in computers are lithium cells. They all have the same capacity to store energy, but their ability to make it is different for each. To form a battery from cells it is important that they all have the same ability to deliver energy. It is therefore necessary to measure the capacity of each cell to compose homogeneous batteries.
'''Module that renders the energy: the LED lamp, the 5V USB port and its voltage converter'''
Our battery supplies us with 3.7V power and the LED lamps we used operate at the same voltage. In addition, the USB ports provide a voltage of 5V. We therefore need to transform the cell energy from 3.7V to 5V: using a voltage converter called DC/DC booster3.7V to 5V: using a voltage converter called DC/DC booster)
Bait for Melipona bees+(To make a big amount of mixture
• Mix 100ml of 90° alcohol and 300g of Bee propolis in the first bottle.
• Leave to macerate in the shade for 7 days.)
Parabolic solar cooker+(Use a rolling table, with a rectangular sheet that needs to be fixed with a drill and screws on the stand to place the tube that will support the parabolic dish later.)
Tawashi+(Use your pencil and ruler to draw a square 12cmx12cm.
Put 20 nails every 2 cm. With your hammer, firmly plant the nails into the board onto each of the 20 dots.)
Electrically-assisted bicycle+(Video source : <u>https://www.youtub … Video source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nikYUAnj7F0
Dismantling the hoverboard will depend on the brand and type of hoverboard. The instructions and images that follow are general but there may be details that vary.
First of all, you need to remove the plastic shell that encloses all the electronic components.
'''Note:''' Be careful with any wires connected to the plastic shells, such as the charging wire.
See image 1 a basic diagram of the inside of a hoverboard.
Unplug the cables and mark where they are connected, using marked tape if possible. In particular, keep the charging cable to one side and mark where it is connected on the motherboard.
Carefully remove the battery after disconnecting it from the motherboard and removing the wires from the central cylindrical area. Keep the battery (1) (see image 3) as it will be used to power the bike's electric assistance motor.
'''Caution! ''' The battery is the most dangerous electronic component of the hoverboard. Any risk of impact, particularly with sharp objects, must be avoided. If the battery is damaged (tears, holes, etc.) or appears swollen, it must not be used, as there is a risk of explosion or flame.
The motherboard is an important element to keep to enable the battery to be recharged. You need to locate the "Charging socket" (2) on the charging cable you put aside earlier.
Next, remove the "Sensor" boards (see image 2) to gain access to the motor mountings.
At least one of the blocks of 4 screws needs to be unscrewed with an Allen key to obtain the motorised wheel that will drive the bicycle wheel (see image 4).
It is possible to keep the fixing system to make it easier to attach the wheel to the bike.e fixing system to make it easier to attach the wheel to the bike.)
Stirling Engine+(W hereby list a few videos of diy stirling … W hereby list a few videos of diy stirling engine
mor or less diy and in french languag
W can find engin mad with a coca cola can (DDM Brico Voyageur https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBxKOkYx2rI), wooden engine
made with glass syringes for the pistons (Incroyables Experiences https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s79odgWz6BM) , a 125 cm3 manufactured engine with an estimated power of 0,8kW to 8kW (0,6 horsepower to 6 horsepower) considered the measurement of 800 rpm and a tray mass estimated between 100g and 1kg (French Stirling Fablab https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z24dZ3St_JE from series https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE1TyIvCXNyjlvWRi10LUsEMXKyRS6Ltx on channel https://www.youtube.com/@FrenchStirlingFablab)
You can find notably resources to try to build
your own stirling engin that you won't find in th text below
As a bonus, for teachers, 1 example of a tractor and cran toys build in meccano here:
http://cm1cm2.ceyreste.free.fr/stirling.htmle:
http://cm1cm2.ceyreste.free.fr/stirling.html)
Phyto-Purification of Wastewater+(
* Install a manhole at the top of the fil …
* Install a manhole at the top of the filter as an inlet for the polluted wastewater.
* Inside the manhole, install a 3-way valve to distribute the water between the two beds.
* Install a manhole at the bottom of the filter that collects the drained water.
the filter that collects the drained water.
)
Solar Oven (box-type oven)+(1) Take the [[:Fichier:Plans cuiseur solaire.jpg|plans de la boîte]] … 1) Take the [[:Fichier:Plans cuiseur solaire.jpg|plans de la boîte]] , the plywood panels and the tape measure
2) Copy the dimensions of the side A on one of the panels with a ruler.
3) Use the protractor to create an angle of 60° and another one of 30° as shown on the schema.
4) Fix the panel on the working table with the clamp.
5) Protect the ears and the eyes
6) Cut following the drawings with the jigsaw.
7) Copy the dimensions of the schema on the second panel to realize the side B.
8) Cut the second panel
9) Draw, cut the panels C, D and E
'''Comment''': if at the cutting of the panels, the borders of the plywood panel contains thorns, it can be useful to sand the borders with sandpaper.
The panels being voluntary thin, it is necessary to fix on the panels A and B the sticks that will be used as support to screw the panels C, D and E. The sticks will be, in ideal, of the same thickness of the isolator.
Cut the sticks
1) Take the sticks and draw the desired dimensions
2) Fix the sticks on the clamping and cut with a saw.
Fix the stick to the panels
3) Position one of the stick and use the clamp to maintain the whole
4) Return the panel and screw with a screw (two screws per stick is enough).
'''Comment''': Keep in mind to keep the thickness of a panel between the end of the panel and the stick (it is at this place that the panels C, D and E will come).
1) Screw the panels C, D and E on the sticks, 3 screws are enough.
We obtain so the inside of the box. The isolator will be added and then the inside box will be covered with reflectings.
'''Comment''': To screw, it is sometime judicious to pre-screw with a drill or a broach.ous to pre-screw with a drill or a broach.)
Fermented foods - alternatives to animal proteins+(You don't have to work in a sterile field … You don't have to work in a sterile field when it comes to fermentation, but it is crucial to be as clean as possible.
Work on a clean work surface (if necessary/possible sanitised with white vinegar or alcohol). Use clean utensils and containers, washed in hot water (or put in the dishwasher), handle with clean hands and wipe with a CLEAN tea towel... of course. wipe with a CLEAN tea towel... of course.)
Domestic mealworm farming+('' 'Beginning of breeding' ''
Upon receip … '' 'Beginning of breeding' ''
Upon receipt of the mealworms, they can be placed in a plastic container with the flour and carrots.
'''Food'''
Insects are used to a dry environment, their food should be checked weekly. If you want to consume the insects, you will have to give them human food (no peeling).
Worms eat flour and vegetables (they are crazy about carrots).
'' 'The Mealworm Cycle' ''
The worm will mutate into an adult, the adults will lay eggs, and the cycle begins again! Before its transformation, the worm stores as much protein as possible.
'' 'Appearance of adults' ''
Once the first adults are present, keep in mind that there will be small eggs in the tray with adults. It is necessary to have 3 bins:
- 1 tray containing nymphs, adults, adult eggs and cardboard
- 1 tray containing the larvae, adults can stay a maximum of 1 week in this tray (to avoid having eggs in this tray)
- 1 empty bin for transfers
maintenance
The maintenance of the bins is carried out with each sorting of insects. The flour trays can be changed every month. The flour in the adult container should be stored for 4 weeks, in order to collect the larvae from the eggs.order to collect the larvae from the eggs.)
Fertilisants et répulsifs naturels+(Cette préparation est nécessaire pour la ' … Cette préparation est nécessaire pour la ''préparation de microorganismes liquides'', elle-même utilisée dans chacune des recettes de fertilisant et répulsif.
'''Recette - proportions à respecter :'''
* 1 seau de terre de la montagne, forêt ou campagne, riche en microorganismes. Il faut prélever des microorganismes présents localement, dans la montagne ou forêt alentour, car on sait que ceux-ci se sont adaptés aux conditions environnementales du milieu - autrement dit, rien ne sert d'acheter ou d'importer de la terre soi-disant riche en microorganismes car nous ne serons pas sûr qu'ils survivront et s'adapteront à notre environnement.
* ½ seau de mélasse, milieu nutritif pour les micro-organismes
* ½ seau d'écorce de riz
Ajouter de l'eau jusqu'à obtenir 40% d'humidité → faire le test du poing : prendre une poignée de mélange et la presser. Le mélange doit prendre la forme du poing sans ruisseler d'eau.
Laisser fermenter pendant 1 mois au minimum à l'ombre dans un bidon fermé hermétiquement. On peut ajouter de “vieux” microorganismes d'une préparation antérieure pour accélérer le processus.
La préparation peut se conserver pendant 1 à 2 ans.ation peut se conserver pendant 1 à 2 ans.)
Fertilisants et répulsifs naturels+(Cette préparation est nécessaire pour la ' … Cette préparation est nécessaire pour la ''préparation de microorganismes liquides'', elle-même utilisée dans chacune des recettes de fertilisant et répulsif.
'''Recette - proportions à respecter :'''
* 1 seau de terre de la montagne, forêt ou campagne, riche en microorganismes. Il faut prélever des microorganismes présents localement, dans la montagne ou forêt alentour, car on sait que ceux-ci se sont adaptés aux conditions environnementales du milieu - autrement dit, rien ne sert d'acheter ou d'importer de la terre soi-disant riche en microorganismes car nous ne serons pas sûr qu'ils survivront et s'adapteront à notre environnement.
* ½ seau de mélasse, milieu nutritif pour les micro-organismes
* ½ seau d'écorce de riz
Ajouter de l'eau jusqu'à obtenir 40% d'humidité → faire le test du poing : prendre une poignée de mélange et la presser. Le mélange doit prendre la forme du poing sans ruisseler d'eau.
Laisser fermenter pendant 1 mois au minimum à l'ombre dans un bidon fermé hermétiquement. On peut ajouter de “vieux” microorganismes d'une préparation antérieure pour accélérer le processus.
La préparation peut se conserver pendant 1 à 2 ans.ation peut se conserver pendant 1 à 2 ans.)
Pare soleil+(choisir les vitres les plus exposées au soleil : orientées sud / sud ouest = là où le soleil tape le plus)
200W Wind Turbine+(
* Choose a plank of dimension minimum 95m …
* Choose a plank of dimension minimum 95mm x 35mm
'''Notes''':
1) The wood should be imputrescible, light-weighted and easy to work with. For example, red cedar, Oregon pine, spruce, larch, douglas fir may be suitable.
2) For this tutorial, the section of the red cedar plank is 150mm x 45mm.
3) The parameter which determines the energy transmitted by the wind at the propeller is the length of the blade and not it’s breadth.
*With the help of the blade pattern, '''lower side visible''', mark the location for the first blade.
'''Notes''':
1) Put the knots and defects of the wood at the end of the blade, so that the thinnest part does not become fragile (middle-end of the blade).
2) Select the leading edge ridge as neatly as possible. This ridge will not be altered during the cutting of the blade.
3) Extend the blade tip pattern by 4-5 cm to maintain a margin in case of damage.
* Do the same for the 2 other blades and cut the blades.
'''Note''': When using a circular saw for cutting, be careful to place the width of the blade always on the outside of the line.
* Rectify the left of the blades if necessary with the help of a plane.
* Fix the 3 blades together with the help of the clamps and equalize all the irregular planes. All the 3 blades needs to be strictly identical.
* Mark the position of the leading edge ridge for it to stay where it is. It will be its landmark.
stay where it is. It will be its landmark.
)
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