Recherche par propriété

Cette page fournit une simple interface de navigation pour trouver des entités décrites par une propriété et une valeur nommée. D’autres interfaces de recherche disponibles comprennent la page recherche de propriété, et le constructeur de requêtes ask.

Liste de résultats

Pasteurisation of Fruit and Vegetables + ( *Eat as much as you like *Once opened, store the jar in the fridge and consume with 7 days )

Dominik - module électronique central + (<nowiki>''Dans cette étape, nous ver … ''Dans cette étape, nous verrons pas à pas comment écrire et ajouter un article sur le site, grâce aux modèles templates. Ce guide prends pour exemple la publication d'article sur notre site, tu n'auras probablement pas le même site donc pas le même code !''

=== HTML, c'est quoi ? ===
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) c'est un language utilisé pour créer des pages web. Il permet d'indiquer à un navigateur (Chrome, firefox, etc.). Ce que l'on souhaite qu'il affiche. Par exemple, pour écrire

J'ai trouvé des infos intéressantes sur le Kosovo, regarde c'est ici : [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo Kosovo].

On écrit
HEY ! J'ai trouvé des infos intéressantes sur le Kosovo, regarde c'est ici : Kosovo.
Les balises
permettent ici d'indiquer un titre de niveau.
indique un paragraphe et permet de créer un lien. À chaque fois, il faut fermer la balise, avec une balise similaire avec un / comme
.

Une fois qu'on a écrit tout notre code dans un fichier texte dans un éditeur de texte normal ou dans notepad++ ou Sublime Texte (pour avoir des balises colorées, c'est plus joli et pratique), on l'enregistre en '''NomDuFichier.html''' , et on l'ouvre depuis n'importe quel navigateur.

Derrière chaque site il y a ce code html. On utilise aussi des fichiers écrit en .css, un langage assez proche créé uniquement pour mettre en forme et rendre joli ton site html. Enfin, beaucoup de gens utilisent des scripts javascript, qui s'exécutent au lancement de la page, mais on a décidé de ne pas en utiliser : cela complexifie les sites et les rend moins sobres selon nous.

Plein de tutoriel plus ou moins complet sont disponibles sur internet pour apprendre rapidement :

* Les [https://developer.mozilla.org/fr/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/HTML_basics bases de html] et les[https://developer.mozilla.org/fr/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/CSS_basics bases de css], pour apprendre juste l'essentiel
* Un cours assez complet sur [https://openclassrooms.com/fr/courses/1603881-creez-votre-site-web-avec-html5-et-css3 OpenClassroom]

Il existe aussi des générateur de site statiques comme Pelican, mais c'est un peu technique à prendre en main.

=== Des templates tout fait ===
Pour te simplifier la vie, on a créé des templates (des modèles prêts à remplir) de site tout prêt. Tu peux les retrouver dans l'espace de stockage.

Grâce à eux, pas besoin de comprendre html en détail, tu as juste à copier les fichiers, les ouvrir avec un éditeur de texte et copier les ensembles de balises en commentaires (ceux entre ces balises ) et remplacer les textes en majuscules par ce que tu veux.

Dans ces templates, il te suffit de mettre les bonnes infos au bon endroit !

* Ouvre d’un coté le fichier code'' index.html ''dans un éditeur de code html (notepad++), et ouvre le meme fichier dans un navigateur internet (chrome, firefox).
* Cherche par exemple le titre du document (main title) dans le code et remplace le. Il doit être entre des balises
Main Title

Puis remplace ce que tu veux !

Quelques indices pour trouver ce que tu cherches :

* Les '''titres''' sont entre des balises
Titre
le numéro peut varier en fonction de la taille du titre.
* Les '''paragraphes''' de textes sont entre les balises
….

* Les '''images''' sont entre les balises
** src="images/IMG_6045.jpg" indique le chemin et le nom de l’image. Ici, PAR RAPPORT à la page où se trouve la page, l’image est dans le dossier images.
** Pour indiquer un chemin qui part du dossier supérieur à celui dans lequel est ta page, tu peux écrire « '''..'''/nomdelimage.png »
* Les '''liens''' :
** Crowdfunding → Ici href permet de préciser l’emplacement de la page de notre site que l’on veut mettre en lien sur la page d’accueil. « Crowdfunding » c’est le texte qui va s’afficher.
** Tripalium → Ici on fait un lien vers un site.
* Les '''listes''' :
**

Point 1

Point 2

Point 3

'''Le fichier CSS'''

On va pas trop trop s’attarder dessus, mais tu remarqueras peut-être qu’il y a des fichier ''layout.css'' et ''framework.css.'' Ces fichiers, c’est les fichiers du '''~''' '''style''' ~.

html c’est la structure et le fond du site, css c'est un langage qui sert à pimper ton site. En soit, tu peux mettre des couleurs, changer les tailles des images, changer les polices directement dans les fichiers html mais le fichier css permet de centraliser ces changement. Par exemple pour tout notre site lowtechnumerique.mooo.com, on utilise qu’une seule feuille de style css.

C’est vraiement pas très compliqué, en gros tu dis à quoi tu veux appliquer un changement et quels paramètres tu change, puis quel valeurs. Genre :
img{ max-width:100%; ← la taille maximale de l’image ne doit pas dépasser celle de l’écran height:auto; ← la hauteur est reglée automatiquement en face de la classe border: 1px solid grey; ← on ajoute une bordure grise d’un pixel }
Bref, celui des templates est vachement fournit donc pas facile à changer, mais tu peux essayer quand même ! Et si tu réécris ton site de A à Z, en vrai c’est plus simple et il sera peut-être moins énorme.

=== Bonnes pratiques quand on créé un site ===

* Limiter la taille du site :
** Limiter la quantité et la taille des vidéos, des sons, et des images.
** Limiter le contenu inutiles, fichiers, etc
* Eviter d’utiliser des scripts (javascript) et du contenu dynamique (certe ca permet d’avoir des sites super stylé et internet, mais ça fait plusieurs connexion au lieu d’une seule, donc ça multiplie le trafique internet
* Eviter les cookies, les pubs, les services tiers et services d’analyse.Tu peux retrouver plus de détail dans le guide dédier
Si tu as réalisé ces manipulations sur des copies des fichiers html de ton site sur ton ordinateur, il faut maintenant mettre à jour les fichiers html de ton site sur ton serveur, grâce à la partie ''Remplacer la page par défaut par son site ou le mettre à jour'' du guide ''Installation d'un serveur local sur smartphone''s services tiers et services d’analyse.Tu peux retrouver plus de détail dans le guide dédier<br />Si tu as réalisé ces manipulations sur des copies des fichiers html de ton site sur ton ordinateur, il faut maintenant mettre à jour les fichiers html de ton site sur ton serveur, grâce à la partie ''Remplacer la page par défaut par son site ou le mettre à jour'' du guide ''Installation d'un serveur local sur smartphone''</nowiki>)
Vélo en bambou + (<nowiki>Le bambou peut être récolté … Le bambou peut être récolté à plusieurs endroits, car c''est une plante qui s'adapte facilement et envahit un lieu une fois qu'elle s'est installée. Attention cependant il existe des centaines d'espèces de bambou et toutes ne sont pas propices à la construction. En fonction de l'épaisseur des paroi du bambou, les résistances mécaniques seront différentes. Les espèces conseillées sont en général le Moso (Phyllostachys edulis ou pubescens) et Phyllostachtys nigra. Vous trouverez de très bonnes explications [https://bambouenfrance.fr/ ici]. Je vous conseille cependant de vous rendre en bambouseraie directement pour avoir des conseils et pour la curiosité.

J'ai obtenu des chaumes de Phyllostachtys nigra boryana qui est très joliment tacheté à la [https://www.les-bambous-de-kerlilas.com/ bambouseraie de kerlilas] à coté de Concarneau. Deux chaumes de plus de 6mètres une fois coupés, de diamètre 4,5cm à la base. Une simple scie à main pliante était très pratique pour couper les chaumes.

Veillez à choisir un chaume en bon état et à maturité, il sera ainsi plus solide. Les imperfections peuvent le fragiliser au séchage, comme les champignons ou les insectes ravageurs.es champignons ou les insectes ravageurs.</nowiki>)
Dimensionner et faire un tracker solaire photovolatïque low tech + (On va fixer une potence sur la partie fixe … On va fixer une potence sur la partie fixe du porte plaque qui tourne avec l'axe vertical, afin d'y fixer une tige sur laquelle on fixera le verin qui pourra tourner avec l'axe vertical afin d'ajuster l'angle sur l'axe horizontal. On commence par fixer la potence en metal en la soudant à la partie fixe vis à vis de l'axe vertical. Il faut bien poncer la peinture avant de faire la soudure. (voir photo). On fait ici une soudure à l'arc. On perce ensuite une tige en metal qu'on vient boulonner à la potence (voir photo). On perce et on fixe également une tige en métal qu'on vient boulonner à la partie mobile qui ajuste l'angle sur l'axe horizontal, cad les "bras" qui permettent de porter la plaque ou le module photovoltaïque (voir photo). On fixe ensuite le verin aux deux tiges en métal. Le verin est équipé de fixations avec des chevilles qui permettent de "suivre" l'angle pris par les tiges sur lesquelles il est fixé. (voir photo) Remarquez qu'on a pris une tige en métal en angle droit afin d'éviter que cette fixation soit entièrement libre. Elle vient buter sur une partie de la tige, ce qui permet par la suite d'étaloner plus précisément l'amplitude du verin. On teste ensuite la course du verin. Il faudra faire attention, car on arrive sur la butée du porte plaque à une avancée du verin d'environ 40cm et ce modèle a une course de 50cm. (voir photos)modèle a une course de 50cm. (voir photos))
Sizing and making a photovoltaic tracker + (<nowiki>We set two axis for our modu … We set two axis for our module:

one axis Oz perpendicular to the module plane (vertical when the module is flat) and one axis Ox paralelle to the module plane (horizontal when the module is flat)

Caractéristics of the module:

mass: m=21,2 kg

Length: L=1,8m

Width: 1m

Wikipedia theory tells us intertia moment along Oz axis is :

Jdelta=1/12*m*L

Jdelta=1/12*1,8*21,2=3,18Nm

Nb: we suppose the module is a bar because here the rotation axis is the axis paralell to the plane of the rectangle formed by the module and not the perpendicular axis

We now experimentally verify:

Center the module on the plate lifter and put it horizontally

verify there is no wind

check the level on which the mast of the plate lifter is put

fix a horizontal lanmark at the bottom of the module

set a 500g mass at the extremity of the module

measure the distance between the position at equilibrium and the position with the mass

We have:

Jdelta=d*F

with d distance in meter to the axis of rotation

F force applied to the solid (here mg with m solid mass in kg and g gravitational constant)

We then have

Jdelta=0,9*0,5*9,8=4,41Nm

We measure the rotation: in our case, the distance of rotation at the extremity of the module varies between 3 and 10cm. The important variations

are due to frictions on the axis that can force or slide more freely

The order of magnitude of the inertia momen is verified

For the moment of inertia along axis Ox, it is more difficult to verify experimentally, because the axise of the plate lifter doesnt allow

to have a position at equilibrium with the module mass (which will finish on the stop under its own weight)

Therefore, we will accept the theory:

The theory says

Jdelta=1/12*m(b²+c²) with m mass of the module, b lenght of the short side of the module and c length of the long side of the module

Jdelta=1/12*21,2*(1,8²+1²)=7,49NM

This theoretical result is strongly lower than the weigth of the module, so we will size based on the necessary force to lift the weigth of the module (the axis being submitted to the weight):

F=mg=21,2*9,8

In order of magnitude 200Nm (1m of lever arm in order of magnitude)

We have now the caracteristics to size the engines of our module along two rotation axis

But the trackers have a consequent wind exposure

If we want to take into account the resistance to the wind, we must measure the force applied to the module according to wind speed:

Fp=1/2*ρ*v²*S*Cp

With ρ air density equal to 1,2 kg/m3 in order of magnitude for standard temperature and pressure conditions

v wind speed in m/s

S object surface in m²

Cp pressure coefficient without dimension égal to 2 for a rectangular metal plate

We have:

Fp=1/2*1,2*1,8*2*v²=2,16*v²

Chatgpt can give us the abacus of wind speeds in km/h and their conversions in m/2 and the generic name in meteorology

Calm: Less than 1 km/h (Less than 0.3 m/s)

Very light breeze: 1-5 km/h (0.3-1.5 m/s)

Light breeze: 6-11 km/h (1.6-3.0 m/s)

Gentle breeze: 12-19 km/h (3.4-5.4 m/s)

Moderate breeze: 20-28 km/h (5.5-7.9 m/s)

Fresh breeze: 29-38 km/h (8.0-10.7 m/s)

Strong breeze: 39-49 km/h (10.8-13.8 m/s)

Moderate wind: 50-61 km/h (13.9-16.9 m/s)

Near gale: 62-74 km/h (17.2-20.6 m/s)

Gale: 75-88 km/h (20.8-24.4 m/s)

Strong gale: 89-102 km/h (24.7-28.3 m/s)

Storm: 103-117 km/h (28.6-32.5 m/s)

Hurricane: At least 118 km/h (At least 32.8 m/s)

So we have a Force Fp that can vary from

An order of magnitude of 20N for a ligth breeze

to

An order of magnitude of 2000N for a storm

(NB: the gravity force of 1kg is approximately 10N so the force of 2000N corresponds in order of magnitude to the gravity force of 200kg).

The inertia moments on the axis are of the same order of magnitude (20Nm and 2000Nm) because the dimensions of the module are an order of magnitude of 1 m

If you want to build a tracker that can resist to storm conditions, it is advised to size the tracker consequently

On the one hand with sufficient ties in the ground, and on the other hand with an adapted frame -see caravan tips at the end of this stage-, and deactivate

when there are stronger winds.)

Wind resistance sizing is one of the reasons trackers are expensive et less generalized than standard photovoltaic installations

The step motors and servomotors that have an adequate torke to resist to important winds are expensive, et that can be understandable for motors designed for step precision

(For example here: https://www.distrelec.fr/fr/automatisation/moteurs-et-entrainements/moteurs-pas-pas-et-servocommandes/c/cat-L3D_525513 )

For hydraulic cylinders, the driving force is generally in orders of magnitude fitting to resist to storms.

For our low-tech tutorial, we know that core drilling machines have torque in an order of magnitude fitting to resist to storms (1W corresponds to 1 N multiplying 1 meter per second, so a core drilling machine of 2000W should have an adequate torque of more or less 2000Nm).

After verification on the technical caracteristics of drills, impact screwdriver, and after a manual verification of resistances (brake,clutch) when the engine is not powered, this type of engine doesnt fit.

To size a resistance to winds between the storm and hurricane we will proceed differently:

We find on aliexpress a affordable prices (70€) step motors or endless screw motors with torque in an order of magnitude of 20Nm(200kgcm). We will use thi engine with two reductors 1:10 to get a resisting torque of 2000Nm.

Recall: the torque expressed in Nm is a rotation force produced by the motor that can be computed with the same principle of the inertia moment: the force in newton x the distance to the rotation axis

Belt or chain transmission permit to reduce this torque, and that can be calculated very easily

C1=(R1/R2)*C2

With C1 torque on pulley 1

R1 pulley 1 radius

C2 torque on pulley 2

R2 pulley 2 radius

The radius is directly proportional to the number of teeth of a gear wheel (a bike cog or a motorcycle cog for example), we can easily calculate the transmission reduction by dividing the number of teeth of the big cog by the number of teeth of the little cog (verify they have the same teeth standards)

Therefore a transmission 80 teeth/10 teeth (80T/10T) will produce a reduction of 1:8, like here on amazon for an electric bike ("Keenso Kit Chaîne et Pignon 80T 25H 34mm 3 Trous Pignon 10T H Trou Chaîne Pignon 146 Maillons Chaîne") for 30€.

We will notice that a standard bike transmission have a maximum transmission reduction of 50 teeth/11 teeth so a reduction of 1:5, which is not enough for efficient reduction witouth multiplying pulleys

It is difficult to find transmissions with reduction of 1:10, but we find some on aliexpress and we will easily adapt a bicycle drive on which we will weld cogs, which will allow us a reduction of 1:100 with only one axis added in addition to the principal axis and the engine axis

So we will use an engine step motor or an endless screw engine (resistance unpowered test at reception) commanded by a raspberry pi (but the plate lifter has wheels, so we will take the precaution to put away the tracker when there's a storm ;))

Carvan tips: to size the width of the metal frame, modern norms dont seem to be really made on scientific basis but on commercial basis. We will therefore measure the width of old material (made in the 70s). For example, the frame of this old caravan accredited on its registration document for a 750kg weigth has a metal frame of 5mm width. On can then make a rule of 3 to verify the width of our frame fits.

This is rustic style (strenght of material calculs is rigorous and complex), but it allows to have a firest approximation "a visto de nas" as we say in gascon

tor or an endless screw engine (resistance unpowered test at reception) commanded by a raspberry pi (but the plate lifter has wheels, so we will take the precaution to put away the tracker when there's a storm ;))<br /><br />Carvan tips: to size the width of the metal frame, modern norms dont seem to be really made on scientific basis but on commercial basis. We will therefore measure the width of old material (made in the 70s). For example, the frame of this old caravan accredited on its registration document for a 750kg weigth has a metal frame of 5mm width. On can then make a rule of 3 to verify the width of our frame fits.<br /><br />This is rustic style (strenght of material calculs is rigorous and complex), but it allows to have a firest approximation "a visto de nas" as we say in gascon<br/><br /><br/></nowiki>)
Cultivation of oyster mushrooms + ( *Open the sterilized bottles to inoculate … *Open the sterilized bottles to inoculate them with your mother spawn, rich in mycelium, delicate passage because it is necessary to be fast enough to limit the risks of contamination during the opening of the bottles. It is important to work in a sterile environment during this operation (clean hands, clean clothes, etc...). *Using tweezers previously sterilized in rubbing alcohol, place the ends of cardboard boxes covered with mycelium on the substrate of your bottles. *Close the bottles immediately and put them in your incubator at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light. *Using tweezers previously sterilized in alcohol at 70°C, place the ends of cardboard boxes covered with mycelium on the substrate of your bottles. *Close the bottles immediately and put them in your incubator at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light. at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light. )
Solar Generator Trailer- Electrical System + ('''The cheapest and cleanest energy is tha … '''The cheapest and cleanest energy is that which we do not produce/consume !''' In line with this principle, this approach[https://negawatt.org/sobriete-efficacite négaWatt] proposes to rethink our vision of energy by applying a three step approach: [https://negawatt.org/sobriete-efficacite Sobriety, Efficiency, then renewable energy]. Before sizing a photovoltaic electrical installation, it is necessary to consider several questions: *What are my needs? *Which are essential and incompressible? *Is electricity the most efficient way to meet all these needs? Detail on these questions applied to the case of our Festival is available in the "Files" tab located above. To materialize the electricity consumption of everyday equipment and possibly be able to eventually prioritize, the open-source game [http://la-revolt.org/ REVOLT] translates these consumptions in pedaling time.lates these consumptions in pedaling time.)
Bokashi “Kitchen compost” + ( * Drill numerous holes at the bottom of the compost bucket with the 3mm bit. )
Bio-sand filter for drinking water + ( * Grind slightly the inside of the PVC pl … * Grind slightly the inside of the PVC plug (using sandpaper) and the outside of one end of the PVC pipe. Stick them together using PVC glue. * Drill a hole of the bends diameter in the flexible pipe, 75cm from the bottom of the PVC. Connection between pipe and bend will have to be perfectly sealed. * Drill many holes in the cover (it has to be a plastic cap). '''Remark''' : It it recommended that the cover is perfectly adapted to the tube and that is can also be used as "sieve", so that added water would fall slowly on the sand without disturbing the biological layer. nd without disturbing the biological layer. )
Pasteurisation of Fruit and Vegetables + ( * Peel and wash the fruit and vegetables … * Peel and wash the fruit and vegetables to be pasteurised thoroughly * Whether from a recipe of your choice (like ratatouille, compote, puréed fruit or veg, fruit in syrup etc...) or cut into pieces in water, place the fruit or veg in a saucepan over heat. * Heat until brought to a simmer over heat. * Heat until brought to a simmer )
Spirulina farming + ( * Screw a white plastic cap at the end of a ruler or a plastic or wooden rod of about 20 centimeters, * Scale the stem from 0 to about ten centimeters, with the 0 at the level of the cap. )
Ceramic water filter + ( *'''Clay :''' Clay is the base material … *'''Clay :''' Clay is the base material for the water filter device. A clay pot allows for extremely slow movement of water through the natural pores that exist between the fired clay tablets. The size of these pores has been measured (using an electron microscope) and found to be between 0.6 and 3.0 microns (μm). They are able to eliminate most bacteria, protozoa and helminths (Lantagne, 2001a), as well as dirt or sediment and organic matter. The clay used to make classical pottery may be suitable for the production of water filters. However, hydraulic conductivity and pore size can vary widely depending on the type of clay, potentially to the point of not being suitable for flow rates and / or microbiological removal (Oyanedel-Craver and Smith, 2008, in Lantagne et al, 2010, [1]). A high content of sand or silt in the clay can reduce cross-linking of the clay and weaken the structure of the filter. On the other hand, an overly refined clay (smaller particles) has a greater water holding capacity and is therefore more prone to shrinkage and cracking during firing. As the characteristics of clay are a critical factor in the success or failure of ceramic water filter production, it is recommended that you carefully study the sources and potential types of clay before committing significant resources. Potters for Peace has produced a document providing details of the clay test, listed in the "Reference Note" section [18] *'''Combustible material :''' "Combustible" organic materials, such as sawdust or ground rice husks, are added to the clay mixture. When exposed to the high temperatures of the kiln, the "combustible material" burns, leaving behind cavities in the fired clay. Water moves more easily through cavities than through pores in clay. Therefore, the presence of the cavities decreases the distance that water must travel through the clay substrate, and therefore increases the overall flow rate of the filter. It is important to carry out tests on your materials. The ratio of clay to combustible material is important for establishing the flow rate and therefore the efficacy of the filters. *'''Colloidal silver''' : Colloidal silver is a solution made of suspended nanoparticles of silver and silver ions. It has been used as a natural disinfectant in medicine for many years. Although the exact mechanisms of bacterial destruction are not yet fully understood, it appears that colloidal silver breaks down the cell walls of bacteria and then binds to their proteins, thus disrupting their function [[https://www.hwts.info/document/8bda3e01/investigation-of-the-potters-for-peace-colloidal-silver-impregnated-ceramic-filter-report-1-intrinsi 2]] [[https://www.hwts.info/research/1245c13a/protozoa-and-virus-disinfection-by-silver-and-copper-embedded-ceramic-tablets-for-water-purification 3]]. Today it is mainly produced by electrolysis. The silver applied to the inside and outside of the filter is absorbed into the pores of the clay. The silver ions are reduced to elemental silver and form colloids inside the walls of the filter. Silver acts as a biocide against bacteria when there is sufficient contact time (= not too large pores). cient contact time (= not too large pores). )
Farming of edible crickets + ( *Place the egg cartons in the box, leavin … *Place the egg cartons in the box, leaving a space between each carton. *Make a drinking trough, such as a chicken trough, with a glass of plastic water in a cup lined with a wire mesh to leave a space between the cup and the glass ( there must not be too much water at the risk of drowning the crickets). *Place a tray on the egg cartons large enough to hold the trough and feed for the crickets. hold the trough and feed for the crickets. )
Homemade deodorant + ( *Food-grade '''sodium bicarbonate''' : Us … *Food-grade '''sodium bicarbonate''' : Used here for its deodorising action, it can be used for a multitude of purposes (cleaning product, deodoriser, heartburn remover, teeth whitener, etc.). Made from limestone and salt. May cause irritation in some people. Can be replaced with white clay in this case. Cost ~3-4 euros/kg *'''Cider vinegar or white vinegar''' : used as a deodorant. Has the ability to remove existing odours and reduce the strength of odour-producing bacteria. *'''Corn starch''' or '''arrow-root''' (= maranta rhizome starch): these are two natural absorbents. They are also used to bind the product. *'''Coconut oil:''' Used here for its moisturising and antibacterial properties.

Use with parsimony! This product comes from far away (France) and therefore has a significant carbon footprint. What's more, coconuts are often harvested by monkeys, who are then held captive and mistreated. (See linked article)

* '''Tea Tree essential oil''': used for its antibacterial properties and strong odour to delay and then mask the "bad smells" of perspiration. *'''Palmarosa essential oil''': Recommended for its antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Use sparingly! The production of essential oils requires an enormous amount of natural resources. What's more, they are not suitable for everyone and can be allergenic. Test a small amount on the wrist before use, then wait 2 days. Not recommended for pregnant women or children. Don't hesitate to consult this guide: https://lestrappeus.es/huiles-essentielles-bebe-et-famille-friendly/

*'''Beeswax''': Used for both its hydrophobic [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobe] and antibacterial properties, its high melting point (63°C) means that the deodorant remains solid in all circumstances. g/wiki/Hydrophobe] and antibacterial properties, its high melting point (63°C) means that the deodorant remains solid in all circumstances. )
Kombucha fabric + (This step lasts about 5 minutes. It is ver … This step lasts about 5 minutes. It is very important the liquid is below 30°Celcius, before adding the other ingredients: - to prevent odor vinegar emission - not to kill the starter and SCOBY * Pour the vinegar + add mix previously made + the Starter Mix * Add your SCOBY * Cover the tray and protect it from light* Cover the tray and protect it from light)
Lacto-Fermented Preserves + (<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> * Peel and wash the vegetables carefully * Depending on preference, grate or cut them into dice or strips. * Leave those vegetables which are usually left whole as they are, following washing (e.g green beans). </div>)
Water Ceramic Filter + (The silver brushing will eliminate the bacteria.)
Fermented drinks - Homemade sodas + (For 1 l of ginger ale : *1 l of non chlor … For 1 l of ginger ale : *1 l of non chlorinated water *50 gr of sugar *50 gr of fresh peeled and thinly chopped ginger *5 cl of lemon juice *5 cl of ginger bug (filtered liquid only) This dosage of ginger is indicative and results in a slightly spicy beverage. The lemon juice only adds flavour and takes no part in the fermentation process. #Fill a pot with water, ginger and lemon juice and sugar. Bring to boil until the sugar is dissolved. #Remove from heat and decant in a 1.5 l jar. Let cool at room temperature. #Add the ginger bug (don't forget to put back as much water as you took in the ginger bug, with a pinch of sugar). #Close hermetically and let ferment for 2-5 depending on the room temperature. #Filter and put in a bottle (a glass bottle with joint and metal lid or a plastic soda bottle). #Use within 2-3 days if kept at room temperature or under 2 weeks if kept in the fridge.re or under 2 weeks if kept in the fridge.)
Domestic biodigestor + (The entry of the system will be the biodig … The entry of the system will be the biodigestor mouth. The installation will first be done to verify dimensions of the system, and then will be dissasembled and definitively glued. * Put a PVC pipe in one of the digestor openings, without putting it too much inside (this would reduce matter circulation). * Create a 90° angle using two 45° bends. On small diameter tubes, it is better to have smooth angles, as a direct 90° angle would get stuck more easily. * Build the "mouth" with large diameter pipes. The larger the mouth is, the easier it will be to feed the digestor. A first fermentation process happens in the mouth. An unscrewable lid closes the mouth. * Link the mouth to the digestor, placing it higher than the digestor, so that matter can circulate in the system with gravity. can circulate in the system with gravity.)
Solar water heater + (Refrigerators are numerous in waste collec … Refrigerators are numerous in waste collection centres, it is necessary to identify those which have the adequate grids (see Preface - Grid) and of the largest possible dimension. Pinching the pipes at the outlet of the compressor will limit the exhaust of refrigerant gases. Cut the pipes as close as possible to the compressor to ensure maximum length with the grid. Unscrew the grid. Wash the grid with soapy water. Blow a blower into the pipes to remove impurities. Seal the pipes with tape to prevent impurities from getting into them, as they may have a small diameter and become obstructed.ve a small diameter and become obstructed.)
Ivy liquid detergent + (Collect around 50 leaves for 1L of water … Collect around 50 leaves for 1L of water
*Where to find ivy Ivy is a shade plant that generally grows on tree trunks but also on the north faces of buildings and low walls. *Recognise ivy Ivy leaves are alternate, with a fairly sturdy limb, dark green or slightly whitish around the edges. Young leaves are star-shaped, while adult leaves have two different shapes depending on their function: - stem leaves are palmatinervate with 5 more or less deep lobes (sometimes 3) - those of floriferous stems (with access to light) are oval, with a sharp apexith access to light) are oval, with a sharp apex)
Plastic bottle cutter + (Drill two holes in the board. In these two … Drill two holes in the board. In these two holes are bolted bolts, around which are inserted washers. A cutter blade is disposed between the washers. With this device, we can cut plastic bottles to transform them into yarn of adjustable thickness (the thickness of the yarn is modified with the height of the cutter blade). On the system used here, the dimensions are slightly different. The manufacturing remains exactly the same, but the dimensions given in this tutorial are optimized compared to those shown in the photos.zed compared to those shown in the photos.)
Worm Compost Bins + (Drill with drill bit to make the hole for the valve tap and fit the stainless ball or butterfly valvetap (1/2” inch or 3/4” inch) with hydraulic fittings. The tap should be approximately 5-10cm from the bottom of the barrel.)
Offgrid photovoltaic installation sizing + (Firstly we need to estimate your electric … Firstly we need to estimate your electric consumption To do that, we need to take into account the correct temporal scales: mean consumption on the one hand, but also daily variations (consumtion variations according to day time) and seasonal variations (consumption in winter and in summer for example). This exercise is not only interesting for sizing adequately the production, but also to think how to reduce your consumption. For example, it is absurd to heat up with electric heater if your main source of energy is photovoltaic. Another example is the water heater that consumes consequent quantities of energy which are relatively linear to the number of hot showers you take and that can question the relevant source of energy to heat up your water or the number of showers adequate for a non fossil production (we can usefully wonder how to switch to a thermic solar source of energy and /or heat up with wood or biogaz) NB: for a shower of 10min at 40°C, you approximately need 3kWh, so approximately the biomethane generated daily by 100 hen's poo (order of magnitude) To measure your consumption, you can use your electric meter. Thus, you can measure your daily consumption but alos the horary consumption of every electrical device (the simpler is to remove the electric fuse of all devices you dont want to measure) of all devices you dont want to measure))
Plastic pyrolyzer + (For this test, plastic waste is mostly polypropylene.)
Preservation module + (Fruits and vegetables are all differents. … Fruits and vegetables are all differents. That's why they need different environments, mainly based on ambient temperature, light and relative humidity. ADVICE There are sometimes several ways to preserve fruits and vegetables. The best way to choose is to try !tables. The best way to choose is to try !)
Cuiseur micro gazéificateur + (1 - Sur le fond de la boite (2), marquez l … 1 - Sur le fond de la boite (2), marquez l'emplacement d'une quinzaine de trous répartis sur toute la surface. En partie haute de la boite (2), marquez l'emplacement d'une dizaine de trous, répartis équitablement tout autour de la boite. 2 - Percez ensuite aux emplacements marqués avec une mèche de 7 mm (ou avec le marteau et le clou).e de 7 mm (ou avec le marteau et le clou).)
Cuiseur micro gazéificateur + (1 - Sur le fond de la boite (2), marquez l … 1 - Sur le fond de la boite (2), marquez l'emplacement d'une quinzaine de trous répartis sur toute la surface. En partie haute de la boite (2), marquez l'emplacement d'une dizaine de trous, répartis équitablement tout autour de la boite. 2 - Percez ensuite aux emplacements marqués avec une mèche de 7 mm (ou avec le marteau et le clou).e de 7 mm (ou avec le marteau et le clou).)
Offgrid rain water harvesting sizing + (In this tutorial, we use meteorological sy … In this tutorial, we use meteorological synop data available here:

http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/ with description here:

http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/doc_parametres_synop_168.pdf

You can also download the data on Meteo France website:

https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/?fond=produit&id_produit=90&id_rubrique=32

Download all csv files with months and years with which you want to make the computing, put them in a directory of your choice and unzip them (archive format is gz).
Also put in this directory the file processing.py containing the code shared in this tutorial.

Example in debian linux command line to download and unzip all csv of year 2020 in a directory ~/synop:

(In the tutorial we use all data from 2010 to 2020)

cd ~

mkdir -p synop && cd synop

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202001.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202001.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202002.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202002.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202003.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202003.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202004.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202004.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202005.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202005.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202006.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202006.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202007.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202007.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202008.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202008.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202009.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202009.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202010.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202010.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202011.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202011.csv.gz

wget http://data.cquest.org/meteo-france/synop/synop.202012.csv.gz && gzip -d synop.202012.csv.gz

To use python under another operating system, please get by with your proprietary and intrusive crap.

Under linux, python is usually installed and to use the code shared here, you'll just have to copy and paste the code in a text file called processing.py and then enter

python processing.py

However, you will have to install pandas library which is massively used in finance and science industries, in particular for its efficient timeseries handling and vectorisation capacities.

To do so, here are the commands to enter in a linux debian system before running processing.py to be ok:

sudo apt install python3 python3-venv python3-pip python-is-python3

cd ~ && python -m venv venv

source venv/bin/activate

pip install pandas

Mind to activate virtual environment where pandas is installed each time you use the script (after a reboot or if you close and open again the terminal) with this command:

cd ~ && source venv/bin/activate

We are in 2024 and if you are being targetted and shackled as ecoterrorists like me, you will want to inspect your measurements instruments before use, so you can inspect the source code of pandas, which is of course free software, here:
https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas
Or you can arguably suppose you can trust a software so massively used in finance and science industries.

Python relies on C libraries for some basics operations, and hack, including scientific hack, is never impossible, but we will let these pro-lowtech considerations aside that are out-of-scope of the perspectives of this tutorial.being targetted and shackled as ecoterrorists like me, you will want to inspect your measurements instruments before use, so you can inspect the source code of pandas, which is of course free software, here: <br />https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas <br />Or you can arguably suppose you can trust a software so massively used in finance and science industries.<br /><br />Python relies on C libraries for some basics operations, and hack, including scientific hack, is never impossible, but we will let these pro-lowtech considerations aside that are out-of-scope of the perspectives of this tutorial.)
Découpeuse de bouteille plastique + (La planche est percée de deux trous. Dans … La planche est percée de deux trous. Dans ces deux trous sont fichés les boulons, autour desquels sont insérées les rondelles. Une lame de cutter est disposée entre les rondelles. Grâce à ce dispositif, on peut découper des bouteilles en plastique pour les transformer en fil d'épaisseur réglable (on modifie la hauteur de la lame de cutter pour régler l'épaisseur du fil). Sur le système utilisé ici, les dimensions sont légèrement différentes. La fabrication reste exactement la même, mais les dimensions données dans ce tutoriel sont optimisées par rapport à celles montrées sur les photos. rapport à celles montrées sur les photos.)
Serveur orangepi-raspberry nextcloud en photovoltaïque autonome + (Voir images)
Bio-Coal + (Provide us with you remarks, ideas, experiences [http://lowtechlab.wikifab.org/index.php/Discussion:Bio_Charbon '''here'''] to help us improve this lowtech!)
Cocedor micro gasificador + (Se basa en el principio de la gasificación … Se basa en el principio de la gasificación: La madera se calienta en una atmósfera baja en oxígeno, lo que permite la liberación de gases inflamables llamados "Syngas", que luego se queman en la parte superior de la estufa. El Micro-gasificador se enciende desde arriba. El aire primario introducido en la parte inferior pasa a través de la masa del combustible y permite mantener un fondo de pirólisis que desciende a medida que se liberan los gases combustibles. El aire secundario se inyecta en la parte superior para proporcionar el oxígeno necesario para la combustión de los gases que se liberan hacia arriba. Se obtienen mejores resultados en convección forzada con el uso de un ventilador integrado bajo la rejilla de apoyo de combustible, pero esto necesita un suministro fiable de electricidad. La temperatura de combustión es de alrededor de 800°C, y las eficiencias térmicas oscilan entre el 30 y el 45%, dependiendo de la calidad de fabricación del sistema y de su aislamiento. Es ligero, compacto, fiable, consume poco combustible y genera, en el mejor de los casos, carbón reutilizable para otras aplicaciones. Por lo tanto, se trata de un sistema de muy baja tecnología y alto rendimiento en comparación con los sistemas convencionales utilizados en todo el mundo. A modo de comparación, el gráfico adjunto muestra el rendimiento energético de diferentes sistemas. El micro gasificador se llama aquí "wood gas stove".asificador se llama aquí "wood gas stove".)
Black Soldier Fly breeding + (The breeding environment can be made with … The breeding environment can be made with various materials. For the prototype of the boat for example, we built a wooden box in which we put a plastic bin containing the waste and larvae (See photo). For example, you can use a plastic drum cut on top, or a simple plastic box. '''For the construction:''' '''1. Preparation of the boards''' *Using an electric or hand saw, cut the 6 boards to the right lengths *Sand the boards *Apply an undercoat on all sides of the boards and allow to dry *Apply a coat of wood paint and let it dry *Apply a coat of varnish (optional) and let it dry '''2. Assembly of the box''' *Using the angles and screws, assemble the boards on the bottom of the box *Using angles and screws, connect the different sides of the box *Cut out cleats to strengthen the inside of the box and attach the lid to it. *Using screws, fix the cleats on the upper part of the walls *Prepare the cover by installing hinges. *Install the cover on the box and fix the hinges '''3. Preparation of the waste box''' If the sides of your waste bin are not very high, it may be useful to put an additional barrier against larvae escape *Pass an old used inner tube all around your tray and leave a part coming out towards the inside *Staple the inner tube to the tray *Place the tray at the bottom of the box and stick it against one side '''4. Preparation of the slope''' *Cut the board in the shape of a trapezoid so that it forms a ramp when placed on the waste and joins the edge of the box at an angle of less than 45 degrees *Cut cleats to fit the external shapes of the ramp *Secure them with screws on the ramp '''5. Installation of the ramp ''' To facilitate maintenance, we put the ramp on a hinge to be able to lift it up and easily remove the bin from the waste *Install a hinge on the lower part of the ramp *Attach the hinge to the box '''6. Cutting of the holes on the box''' In order to allow the entry of flies and the exit of larvae, holes must be drilled on the sides of the box. For larvaes: *Measure the location where the ramp arrives and count 2cm high for the opening *Using a drill, make holes at the 4 ends of your opening *Using a saw, connect these holes to create an opening For the flies *On the sides of the box, drill with a hole saw about ten openings of 5cm in diameter '''7. Placing of the larvae collection box''' *Using screws, fix the plastic box under the larvae exit slot

Make sure that the ramp is firmly fixed against the wall so that the larvae cannot fall back into the tank. If necessary, staple a bracket from the ramp to the collection box

'''8. Laying supports (if no separate aviary)''' *Cut out pieces of cardboard boxes that are 10cm by 5cm thick. *Assemble 4 pieces with string *Attach two screws to the cleats at both ends of the box *Hang a string on these screws *Hang the egg-laying supports on the string so that they are as close as possible to the waste '''The general recommendations for the design of the living environment are :''' - Size your waste bin according to your weekly volume. Indeed, it is not necessary to have a too thick layer of substrate so it is better to be able to spread out your waste rather than stack it. - Drill holes so that female flies can come and lay eggs inside. - Place the egg-laying supports above the waste, as close as possible. These can be made of honeycomb cardboard or wooden planks separated by a pin (a gap must be left in which the flies will lay their eggs). During hatching, the larvae will fall directly into the waste. - Have a well sealed waste box to prevent larvae from escaping in case of lack of food. - Put a ramp for the exit of the larvae. It can be inclined up to 45 degrees but prefer a softer slope. As larvae tend to follow the edges of the box to find the exit, it may be good if the ramp is the full width of the box. - Avoid the ventilation holes on top to protect the substrate as much as possible from rain.

Do not bring water into contact with eggs, they would burst!

On the pictures, you can see the plans of the system we had validated and that works on the boat. The fly inlet/outlet holes on the top have been plugged and the aviary attached to the cover has been changed to a separate aviary, see below. works on the boat. The fly inlet/outlet holes on the top have been plugged and the aviary attached to the cover has been changed to a separate aviary, see below.)
Garde-Manger: Pantry Storage + (The first step in using a food-storage sys … The first step in using a food-storage system, such as the one proposed here, is for the user to question the ways in which they buy and consume. Given that food storage modules that we're going to propose below are mainly designed for raw and fresh foods, it would be complicated for the user feeding themselves with ready-made meals to benefit from the technical suggestions provided, for example. The "Zero Waste" approach, originating from Franco-American Béa Johnson, is an excellent method to put into practice. It enables, at the same time, a significant reduction of waste produced globally (packaging, plastic, etc). [https://www.zerowastefrance.org/ Zero Waste France] is a very good resource for complementary information on helping consumers take action.ormation on helping consumers take action.)
Coco soap + (The first step is to extract the coconut o … The first step is to extract the coconut oil from ripe coconut (brown nuts). Here is the procedure: * Open the coconut * Scrape the pulp with a scraper if you do not have a mixer-blender. If you own a blender you can detach the pulp from the shell roughly and mix everything. * Put the resulting coconut crumbs in a container, cover with hot water and mix well. If you use a blender you can directly cover with hot water and mix. * Place a clean towel over a second container and filter the resulting coconut milk. press the cloth tightly to obtain as much filtrate as possible. * Place the coconut milk obtained in a plastic bottle and allow to settle until two distinct phases are obtained. We find the coconut cream above and the water below. Drill a small hole in the bottom of the bottle to let the water escape and plug the hole to keep the cream. * Pour the cream into a pan and cook over medium heat, stirring. Burnished cream and translucent oil is extracted. This step can take several tens of minutes. * Filter the extracted coconut oil.nutes. * Filter the extracted coconut oil.)
Orangepi-raspberry pi nextcloud server (photovoltaics powered) + (The links to the photovoltaics material ar … The links to the photovoltaics material are in the autonomie.ods file (readable with libreoffice) attached to this tutorial. - raspberry pi : 42€ on leboncoin -Orange pi : single board computer: Orange pi 5 single board computer with 4,8,16 or 32 Go of ram 2,4Ghz ARM Cortex-A55 CPU This card is compatible with nvme pcie 2.0 hard drives (2242 or 2230, pcie is retrocompatible ie 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 work with lower speed on orange pi 5) Same principle as here but a bit more powerful and we can plug a hard drive (useful for nextcloud which is made to host files) and it starts automatically on a usb stick Price: 143€ brand new on aliexpress in version 16 Go on the 2nd of august 2023 Second hand on leboncoin: we find more easily raspberry pi at around 100€. It is necessary to buy a small box at 10€ (or make one) to avoid a naked single board computer -hard drive Here we use a kingston usb stick of 32Go and a nvme samsung 512Go card We can plug a hard drive of higher capacity in usb, or a nvme card (nvme pcie 2.0 ssd 2242 or 2230) compatible with pcie 3.0 4.0 and above but the speed is reduced A nvme samsung 2242 card of 500Go is about 50€ on the 2nd of august 2023. -usb stick : 10€ - rj45 cable: 5€ -Internet box or 4G modem according to your internet connection -solar pannel: here we use a flexible 120W pannel bougth 115€ brand new but we can find second hand ones at 30€ on leboncoin for an equivalente peak power. Note: for the theoretical need. See file autonomy.ods -second hand battery: use the previous lead acid battery of your car when it crashes when it's too hot in summer! -12V/24V-usb 5V battery converter: 20€ avoid amazon if you can - pwm regulator 30A: 30€ brand new if you dont buy corporate brand - DRL (day/night switch 13V): 1,5€ brand new (key word "Kit de feux de jour à LED pour voiture, contrôleur marche/arrêt automatique DRL" in french) -electric mc4 cable: 20€ Total second hand price for orangepi: 256,50€ Total brand new price for orangepi: 431,50€ Total second hand price for raspberry: 165€ See autonomie.ods - for raspberry: 165€ See autonomie.ods -)
Biodiesel + (Before it can be converted, the used oil m … Before it can be converted, the used oil must be filtered first in order to remove any possible food residues (fries, doughnuts...). We recommend you let the oil settle for a few days. An initial filtration must be carried out to get rid of the biggest particles (e.g.: with a double cotton sheet or a sock...). Then pour the oil into a 5µm maximum filter bag (the finer the better) above the clean canister, prepared beforehand.e the clean canister, prepared beforehand.)
Solar water heater + (The creation of the chamber is very easy : … The creation of the chamber is very easy : cut the bottom of the bottle in a way that you could slot them together (picture). The more complicated step is to slot at the base of your pile two bottle in the opposite direction, in a way that the edge of the chamber are neck. /!\ Wait before sealing with the adhesive tape !it before sealing with the adhesive tape !)
Batteries recovery + (This tutorial shows how to recover the bat … This tutorial shows how to recover the battery cells from a computer in order to create a new battery. Powered by a solar panel or by a USB port, it will allow you to light a LED lamp. The system works around three modules: * the energy reception module: the solar panel and its charge controller * the energy storage module: the battery * the module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator '''Energy Receiving Module: Photovoltaic Panel & Charge Controller''' The photovoltaic panel concentrates the energy of the sun. It allows to recover its energy in order to store it in the battery. But be careful, the amount of energy received by the panel is irregular depending on the time of day, the weather... It is important to install a charge/discharge regulator between the panel and the battery to protect it against overload, among other things. '''Energy storage module: the battery''' It is made of two lithium cells recovered from a computer. To put it in a nutshell, a battery is a bit like a box containing several batteries: each of them is a cell, a unit that supplies power to the device by electrochemical reaction. The cells found in computers are lithium cells. They all have the same capacity to store energy, but their capacity to deliver it is different for each. To make a battery from cells it is important that they all have the same capacity to deliver energy. It is therefore necessary to measure the capacity of each cell to compose homogeneous batteries. '''The module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator''' Our batterie delivers a 3.7V current and our LED lamps work with 12V. So we need to transform the cell's energy from 3.7V to 12V : thanks to the voltage regulator called DC/DC booster. A small screw on this module allows to regulate voltage. You can set it to 12V - or another voltage according to your LED's characteristics.r another voltage according to your LED's characteristics.)
Solar lamp with reused lithium cells + (This tutorial shows how to recover compute … This tutorial shows how to recover computer cells to make a new battery. Powered by a solar panel, or by a USB port, it will allow you to light an LED lamp. The system works around three modules: * the energy reception module: the solar panel and its charge controller * the energy storage module: the battery * the module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator '''Energy Receiving Module: Photovoltaic Panel & Charge Controller''' The photovoltaic panel concentrates the energy of the sun. It allows to recover its energy in order to store it in the battery. But be careful, the amount of energy received by the panel is irregular depending on the time of day, the weather... it is important to install a charge/discharge regulator between the panel and the battery. This will be protected against overload, among other things. '''Energy storage module: the battery''' It is composed of two lithium cells recovered from a computer. To put it in a nutshell, a battery is a bit like a box containing several batteries: each of them is a cell, a unit that supplies power to the device by electrochemical reaction. The cells found in computers are lithium cells. They all have the same capacity to store energy, but their ability to make it is different for each. To form a battery from cells it is important that they all have the same ability to deliver energy. It is therefore necessary to measure the capacity of each cell to compose homogeneous batteries. '''Module that renders the energy: the LED lamp, the 5V USB port and its voltage converter''' Our battery supplies us with 3.7V power and the LED lamps we used operate at the same voltage. In addition, the USB ports provide a voltage of 5V. We therefore need to transform the cell energy from 3.7V to 5V: using a voltage converter called DC/DC booster3.7V to 5V: using a voltage converter called DC/DC booster)
Bait for Melipona bees + (To make a big amount of mixture • Mix 100ml of 90° alcohol and 300g of Bee propolis in the first bottle. • Leave to macerate in the shade for 7 days.)
Electrically-assisted bicycle + (Video source : <u>https://www.youtub … Video source : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nikYUAnj7F0 Dismantling the hoverboard will depend on the brand and type of hoverboard. The instructions and images that follow are general but there may be details that vary. First of all, you need to remove the plastic shell that encloses all the electronic components. '''Note:''' Be careful with any wires connected to the plastic shells, such as the charging wire. See image 1 a basic diagram of the inside of a hoverboard. Unplug the cables and mark where they are connected, using marked tape if possible. In particular, keep the charging cable to one side and mark where it is connected on the motherboard. Carefully remove the battery after disconnecting it from the motherboard and removing the wires from the central cylindrical area. Keep the battery (1) (see image 3) as it will be used to power the bike's electric assistance motor. '''Caution! ''' The battery is the most dangerous electronic component of the hoverboard. Any risk of impact, particularly with sharp objects, must be avoided. If the battery is damaged (tears, holes, etc.) or appears swollen, it must not be used, as there is a risk of explosion or flame. The motherboard is an important element to keep to enable the battery to be recharged. You need to locate the "Charging socket" (2) on the charging cable you put aside earlier. Next, remove the "Sensor" boards (see image 2) to gain access to the motor mountings. At least one of the blocks of 4 screws needs to be unscrewed with an Allen key to obtain the motorised wheel that will drive the bicycle wheel (see image 4). It is possible to keep the fixing system to make it easier to attach the wheel to the bike.e fixing system to make it easier to attach the wheel to the bike.)
VMC double flux + (Voici de quoi ce compose ma VMC : *un éch … Voici de quoi ce compose ma VMC : *un échangeur air/air à flux croisés *deux caissons de filtration **un pour filtrer l'air vicié extrait des pièces humides qui fait également office de plénum (il collecte l'air de ma cuisine et de ma salle de bain) **un pour filtrer l'air frais qui vient de dehors *deux caissons de ventilation **un pour l'insufflation de l'air frais **un pour l'extraction de l'air vicié *un plénum/collecteur pour répartir l'air insufflé entre mes pièces de vie (salon et chambre) *un système d'évacuation des condensats branché sur l'échangeur en direction de l'évacuation des eaux usées *un contrôleur électronique (Arduino) *deux réseaux de gaine (un pour l'extraction et un autre pour l'insufflation) *un système de bypass de l'air insufflén) *un système de bypass de l'air insufflé)
Stirling Engine + (W hereby list a few videos of diy stirling … W hereby list a few videos of diy stirling engine mor or less diy and in french languag W can find engin mad with a coca cola can (DDM Brico Voyageur https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBxKOkYx2rI), wooden engine made with glass syringes for the pistons (Incroyables Experiences https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s79odgWz6BM) , a 125 cm3 manufactured engine with an estimated power of 0,8kW to 8kW (0,6 horsepower to 6 horsepower) considered the measurement of 800 rpm and a tray mass estimated between 100g and 1kg (French Stirling Fablab https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z24dZ3St_JE from series https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE1TyIvCXNyjlvWRi10LUsEMXKyRS6Ltx on channel https://www.youtube.com/@FrenchStirlingFablab) You can find notably resources to try to build your own stirling engin that you won't find in th text below As a bonus, for teachers, 1 example of a tractor and cran toys build in meccano here: http://cm1cm2.ceyreste.free.fr/stirling.htmle: http://cm1cm2.ceyreste.free.fr/stirling.html)
Phyto-Purification of Wastewater + ( * Install a manhole at the top of the fil … * Install a manhole at the top of the filter as an inlet for the polluted wastewater. * Inside the manhole, install a 3-way valve to distribute the water between the two beds. * Install a manhole at the bottom of the filter that collects the drained water. the filter that collects the drained water. )
Fermented foods - alternatives to animal proteins + (You don't have to work in a sterile field … You don't have to work in a sterile field when it comes to fermentation, but it is crucial to be as clean as possible. Work on a clean work surface (if necessary/possible sanitised with white vinegar or alcohol). Use clean utensils and containers, washed in hot water (or put in the dishwasher), handle with clean hands and wipe with a CLEAN tea towel... of course. wipe with a CLEAN tea towel... of course.)
Biodiesel + (Antes de poder transformarse, el aceite us … Antes de poder transformarse, el aceite usado primero debe filtrarse para limpiarlo de eventuales residuos alimentarios (patatas fritas, buñuelos...). Es aconsejable dejar el aceite decantando durante algunos días. Filtre una primera vez el aceite para quitar las partículas más grandes (ej: paño de algodón doblado, calcetín...). Después verse el aceite en una bolsa de filtrado de 5µm máximo (el mejor será el más fino) debajo de un bidón limpio previsto para esta acción.un bidón limpio previsto para esta acción.)
Domestic mealworm farming + ('' 'Beginning of breeding' '' Upon receip … '' 'Beginning of breeding' '' Upon receipt of the mealworms, they can be placed in a plastic container with the flour and carrots. '''Food''' Insects are used to a dry environment, their food should be checked weekly. If you want to consume the insects, you will have to give them human food (no peeling). Worms eat flour and vegetables (they are crazy about carrots). '' 'The Mealworm Cycle' '' The worm will mutate into an adult, the adults will lay eggs, and the cycle begins again! Before its transformation, the worm stores as much protein as possible. '' 'Appearance of adults' '' Once the first adults are present, keep in mind that there will be small eggs in the tray with adults. It is necessary to have 3 bins: - 1 tray containing nymphs, adults, adult eggs and cardboard - 1 tray containing the larvae, adults can stay a maximum of 1 week in this tray (to avoid having eggs in this tray) - 1 empty bin for transfers maintenance The maintenance of the bins is carried out with each sorting of insects. The flour trays can be changed every month. The flour in the adult container should be stored for 4 weeks, in order to collect the larvae from the eggs.order to collect the larvae from the eggs.)
L'amendement au Biocharbon + (On commence par creuser le trou dans leque … On commence par creuser le trou dans lequel la carbonisation va prendre place. Ses dimensions sont d'1,5m de diamètre et d'1m de profondeur. Il a la forme d'un trou, d'un cône renversé. On peut renforcer les bords du trou avec un mélange chaux-sable-argile pour le rendre résistant à l'épreuve du temps. nb: ne pas oublier de profiter de ce contact avec la terre pour soigner sa peaucontact avec la terre pour soigner sa peau)
Biofilter + ('''1)''' Connect the pump to the hose. '' … '''1)''' Connect the pump to the hose. '''2)''' Place it right at the back of the second 60L container. '''3)''' Pour 15 to 20L of water into the container. '''Caution: '''In order to retain the cascading effect from the biofilter, the liquid in the container should not exceed the 40L level. To avoid damage to the pump through turning it on without water, do not fill under the 10L level.ut water, do not fill under the 10L level.)
Worm Compost Bins + (Drill with drill bit to make the hole for the valve tap and fit the stainless ball or butterfly valvetap (1/2” inch or 3/4” inch) with hydraulic fittings. The tap should be approximately 5-10cm from the bottom of the barrel.)
frigo ya esobe + (esalemi na sac moko oyo eko permettre bidon ya 5 centimetre ya mabele likolo na pembeni.bongisa pe glissiere na hauteur ya elamba pona kokanga sac pembeni ya ebombeli)
Energy use in households + (In France, buildings account for 45% of th … In France, buildings account for 45% of the total energy consumed, followed by transportation (33%), industry (19%), and agriculture (3%). Two-thirds of the energy consumption in this category comes from housing and one-third from service sector buildings. Within the home, in 2013, 67% of consumed energy went toward heating the home, 10.4% toward heating water, and 6% toward cooking. The remaining 16.6% was used for lighting, household appliances, office equipment, and hi-fi, all of which is grouped under the term “specific energy”. The 16,000 kWh consumed by each household costs just over €1,700 per year. In France, residential heating accounts for a larger portion of the total energy consumed (20.1%) than does industry (19%).consumed (20.1%) than does industry (19%).)
Simple wooden bike trolley - hand tools only - back wheel attachment + (Here, we collect materials before adapting … Here, we collect materials before adapting the plan to what we find. At the local charity store, I found a bunch of single bed slates and a wooden board - 9€ I talked with someone who fixes second-hand bikes and sold me 2 kid front wheels - 5€ For hardware, we used whatever we had at home and headed to the hardware store to complete our set - spent around 13€ore to complete our set - spent around 13€)
Découpeuse de bouteille plastique + (La planche est percée de deux trous. Dans … La planche est percée de deux trous. Dans ces deux trous sont fichés les boulons, autour desquels sont insérées les rondelles. Une lame de cutter est disposée entre les rondelles. Grâce à ce dispositif, on peut découper des bouteilles en plastique pour les transformer en fil d'épaisseur réglable (on modifie la hauteur de la lame de cutter pour régler l'épaisseur du fil). Sur le système utilisé ici, les dimensions sont légèrement différentes. La fabrication reste exactement la même, mais les dimensions données dans ce tutoriel sont optimisées par rapport à celles montrées sur les photos. rapport à celles montrées sur les photos.)
kokata ya milangi ya kopale + (La planche est percée de deux trous. Dans … La planche est percée de deux trous. Dans ces deux trous sont fichés les boulons, autour desquels sont insérées les rondelles. Une lame de cutter est disposée entre les rondelles. Grâce à ce dispositif, on peut découper des bouteilles en plastique pour les transformer en fil d'épaisseur réglable (on modifie la hauteur de la lame de cutter pour régler l'épaisseur du fil). Sur le système utilisé ici, les dimensions sont légèrement différentes. La fabrication reste exactement la même, mais les dimensions données dans ce tutoriel sont optimisées par rapport à celles montrées sur les photos. rapport à celles montrées sur les photos.)
Çöl buzdolabı ışık sürümü + (Renforcer le fond du sac avec une planche … Renforcer le fond du sac avec une planche découpée en cercle, et déposer une couche de 5 centimètres de sable. Poser le bidon puis remplir les côtés de sable en le tassant. Monter le plus haut possible. Pour renforcer l'ensemble, une ficelle ou un fil de fer peut venir entourer le sac par l'extérieur une fois le sable rempli et tassé.térieur une fois le sable rempli et tassé.)
Ash and animal fat soap + (A soap is normally composed of a fatty aci … A soap is normally composed of a fatty acid (here animal fat) and a basic agent (high pH) such as soda or potash (here made from ash). These two compounds create a saponification reaction that creates soap. The Chemical Process Saponification is the reaction of a fatty substance with hydroxide ions (provided by an alkali such as potash or soda) to give a carboxylate ion (soap) and glycerol (also called glycerin). Soaps are therefore mixtures of carboxylate ions and metal cations (sodium or potassium ions). The carboxylate ion is a surface-active agent that lowers the surface tension of water: it is a detergent. It ensures washing thanks to 4 qualities : The wetting power: soapy water can penetrate the small interstices of the surface in contact (cloth, skin, table, plate...) more effectively than water ; Emulsifying power: the carboxylate ions agglutinate around the dirt and penetrate between it and the surface in contact until they isolate the dirt from this surface. They form micelles containing small particles of dirt. Carboxylate ions have a lipophilic end and are therefore particularly effective against fatty substances; The dispersing power: due to the properties of the carboxylate ions and the structure of the micelles, they repel each other and are therefore dispersed in soapy water; Foaming power: a film of carboxylate ions is formed on the surface of water with low surface tension. By agitating the soapy water, air bubbles can then be trapped. The foam does not intervene as such in the washing but is an indicator of the surface tension of the liquid and thus of its detergent power.he liquid and thus of its detergent power.)
Salt preservation method applied in Rwanda + (Some pre-harvest foodstuffs require pre-processing (for meat, fish ...))
Cortador de botellas de plástico + (El tablero se taladra con dos agujeros. En … El tablero se taladra con dos agujeros. En estos dos agujeros se insertan los pernos, sobre los cuales se insertan las arandelas. Se coloca una cuchilla de corte entre las arandelas. Gracias a este dispositivo, las botellas de plástico se pueden cortar en alambre de espesor ajustable (la altura de la cuchilla se modifica para ajustar el espesor del alambre). En el sistema utilizado aquí, las dimensiones son ligeramente diferentes. La fabricación sigue siendo exactamente la misma, pero las dimensiones dadas en este tutorial están optimizadas comparadas con las mostradas en las fotos.comparadas con las mostradas en las fotos.)
Improved Stove - Patsari Model + (The dimensions may be adapted.)
Enhanced cooker + (The enhanced cookers are made using the fo … The enhanced cookers are made using the following mixture: - For 1 barrow of clay: - 3 handfuls of straw - 1kg of salt (for thermal storage) - ½ handful of pig hair - 5L (a half-bucket) of donkey's dung previsouly fermented for 5 days in plastic. - Add water until obtaining a wet mixture but which is not liquid (like a dough, not too wet, not too dry)d (like a dough, not too wet, not too dry))
Solar coffee roaster + (The roaster is made of 3 different parts : *The roaster itself, using a salvage cement mixer *The solar parabola, which concentrates solar energy into the roaster *A mechanical part, which makes the roaster turn)
Solar multicooker + (The use of the inner tube for the hinges enables a stable position and the right tension. The cords will help to keep the panels to 90° in relation to the sunlight. They also attach the panels to the base when they are closed.)
Buried Aymarian Greenhouse + (The Wallipini greenhouse is half-buried in … The Wallipini greenhouse is half-buried in the ground and is built like a house with: * walls made of Adobe (mix of clay and straw), * a framework made of wood * a roof made using a plastic tarpaulin (agroplastico). The Adobe walls store the heat during the day and deliver it inside the greenhouse at night. The inertia of the walls maintains an almost constant temperature inside the greenhouse. As La Paz is close to the equator, the sun is usually at zenith, the greenhouse's orientation does not really matter and the walls do not interfere with sun radiations. In the Wallipini, the vegetables can be cultivated 7 months per year (the Wallipini is not efficient enough against cold winters).ot efficient enough against cold winters).)
Semi-removable Mass Stove + (There are a number of items that are neede … There are a number of items that are needed to build this stove, which can either be bought from new or salvaged. * The drums are easy to obtain, apart from the 120 litre ones, which are rare... and it can cost 50€ (excluding taxes) to buy one of this size from new. * The stove pipes, which form the fire pit, are very easy to salvage and will be considerably more expensive if bought from new. NB 1: the 2 pipes that are used for the (fixed) ash tray and the (removable) feed pipe must have a male fitting at one of their ends to accommodate the stopper. NB 2: A rigorous approach must be adopted when producing the exhaust system, using pipes which are compatible with one another. It is important to avoid leaks (condensates as well as smoke) and also the risk of fire . * Concrete can be made up of sand and fire cement but this will not be as durable as using chamotte concrete/fire cement. Chamotte consists of ground-up fire brick and must contain 25 to 40% alumina. To contact manufacturers of fire bricks, see list in the annex.Grain size of 0 to 10 mm grade is ideal, but 0 to 5 mm can also be used. AVOID making concrete with ordinary cement or ‘black’ cement (unlike fire cement, it does not contain alumina) * Vermiculite: mixed with cement acts to insulate the bottom of the container. You can find this in builder's merchants and garden centres mostly under the names of “Vermex” or “Effiperl” (NB the latter also contains perlite and is a French brand) * Ceramic glass: this is specialist glass which does not expand when exposed to heat and is resistant to thermal shocks of up to 800°C ! You can buy it in the shops (for about €400 to €600 per m²) but you can also salvage it from old inserts, electric hobs, oven doors (inner glass only, otherwise it is likely to have little resistance to heat). Do not use ordinary glass ! To test salvaged glass, stand on a flat surface and put the glass onto a gas camping stove. If it resists the heat, then that is a good sign. The final thing to do for the ‘crash test’ is pour a glass of cold water over it. If there is no reaction, then it is specialist glass. Do not put it on the grass in case it breaks. In this image, you will find the average supply costs for the different models. Taking the drum and the smoke exhaust out of the equation, the pipework will be a major part of the budget.pework will be a major part of the budget.)
قاطع الزجاجات البلاستيكية + (يتم حفر فتحتين في اللوح. يتم إدخال البراغي … يتم حفر فتحتين في اللوح. يتم إدخال البراغي في هاتين الفتحتين اللتين يتم تركيب الحلقات حولهما. يتم وضع شفرة قاطعة بين الحلقتين. يمكن استخدام هذا الجهاز لتقطيع الزجاجات البلاستيكية إلى سلك بسماكة قابلة للتعديل (يتم تغيير ارتفاع شفرة القاطع لضبط سماكة السلك). في النظام المستخدم هنا، الأبعاد مختلفة قليلاً. تظل عملية التصنيع كما هي بالضبط، ولكن الأبعاد الواردة في هذا البرنامج التعليمي محسّنة مقارنة بالأبعاد الموضحة في الصور.ي محسّنة مقارنة بالأبعاد الموضحة في الصور.)
Functioning, maintenance and regeneration of lead-acid batteries + ('''Equipment''': Choose your battery caref … '''Equipment''': Choose your battery carefully according to the intended use.
Never mix new and used batteries.
Never mix batteries of different technologies.
Correctly and solidly install the wiring of your battery bank to avoid fires.
Regularly check the connectors if they are subject to vibrations.
*'''Detection and Prevention of Deep Discharge''': Battery life is directly related to DoD or depth of discharge. It is, therefore, very important to prevent any discharge over 50% !'''
**How to know the level of charge (SoC)? ***Simply measuring the voltage does not suffice as several factors affect the battery voltage. ***A [https://www.victronenergy.fr/battery-monitors battery monitor] must be used. It calculates not only the voltage but also the charge and discharge currents, which allows the state of charge to be calculated in real time. **How to avoid deep discharges? ***The idea is to control the level of charge (SoC) and to disconnect the consumption loads as soon as they fall below a certain level. ***Use a battery protector/[https://www.victronenergy.fr/battery_protect/battery-protect Battery Protect] or a configurable solar charge regulator, for direct current (DC) equipment. ***Use the dry contact relay (voltage-free relay) of your battery monitor if it is equipped with one. ***Set the low battery voltage threshold on your inverter for alternating current (AC) equipment (read the instructions carefully). *'''Pay attention to the temperature: ''': This factor has a very important influence on the life of the batteries. It is very important to keep the batteries at “cool” temperatures, around 20°C. **Technical roome : Always choose the coolest room or location. Never leave batteries exposed to direct sunlight. If the place is still too hot, one should consider cooling ventilation of the room or the battery container. **Aeration and ventilation : Always keep space between the batteries (about 5 cm), do not put them against each other. If the batteries are inside a battery box or in a cabinet, there must be air circulation. **Temperature compensation: When the temperature exceeds 30°C or is lower than 10°C for a long time, it is necessary to change the charging voltage.
Battery not in use – Self-discharge: When a battery is not in use, it slowly discharges. This phenomenon depends on the type of battery and the temperature. o An unused open battery must be recharged every four months at room temperature (between 10-25°C). o An unused open battery must be kept permanently charged in temperatures below 0°C. o Sealed batteries can be left for up to 6 to 8 months without recharging at ambient temperature. o When a system containing batteries (RV, car, etc.) is not used for a long period, disconnect the batteries to avoid leakage currents.
*'''Correct charging voltages''': Never recharge the batteries with a voltage higher than that recommended in the manufacturer's data sheet. Use a charger with at least 3 charge stages (Bulk, Absorption, Float).
*'''Correct charge/discharge current''': '''It is recommended '''never to charge or recharge''' lead batteries at '''more than 0.2C''', i.e. 20% of the capacity of the battery bank (ex: 20A for a battery bank of 100Ah).

When sizing a photovoltaic installation, make sure that the maximum output current is less than 20% of the battery capacity. Let: Imax (A) = Pmax (W) / Ubat (V) < 0.2C

ing a photovoltaic installation, make sure that the maximum output current is less than 20% of the battery capacity. Let: Imax (A) = Pmax (W) / Ubat (V) < 0.2C</div> </div> <br/> <br/> <br/>)

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