Cette page fournit une simple interface de navigation pour trouver des entités décrites par une propriété et une valeur nommée. D’autres interfaces de recherche disponibles comprennent la page recherche de propriété, et le constructeur de requêtes ask.
Liste de résultats
- Insulated mattress + (The mattress is above the wooden pallet and the tent canvas. Foldable and pretty light, it can be transported easily.)
- Setting up a Local Community + ("The islands of a growing archipelago" Es … "The islands of a growing archipelago" Establishing a link between territories, as close as possible to needs is the be-all and end-all of the low-tech approach. Digital distribution channels help to raise awareness and to get to to know this approach, however then you have the people who put it into practice. Local communities made up of beginners, experienced and/or expert citizens play this leading role in local dissemination, collaborating with the actors in their territory. They are equally interlinked with each-other in orde to share and exchange resources, ideas, discoveries and sound practices. "Map from this post- available in HD" https://lowtechlab.org/fr/actualites-blog/l-archipel-low-tech-en-france-illustrelog/l-archipel-low-tech-en-france-illustre)
- Sunlight-luminosity measurement with a single board computer (raspberry-orangepi) + (The blue led of the sensor blinks slowly when the sensor is plugged in. Watch out not to unplug the sensor when measuring, otherwise you will need to restart the server (or just docker compose down && docker compose up))
- Sizing and making a photovoltaic tracker + (<nowiki>We set two axis for our modu …
We set two axis for our module: tor or an endless screw engine (resistance unpowered test at reception) commanded by a raspberry pi (but the plate lifter has wheels, so we will take the precaution to put away the tracker when there's a storm ;))<br /><br />Carvan tips: to size the width of the metal frame, modern norms dont seem to be really made on scientific basis but on commercial basis. We will therefore measure the width of old material (made in the 70s). For example, the frame of this old caravan accredited on its registration document for a 750kg weigth has a metal frame of 5mm width. On can then make a rule of 3 to verify the width of our frame fits.<br /><br />This is rustic style (strenght of material calculs is rigorous and complex), but it allows to have a firest approximation "a visto de nas" as we say in gascon<br/><br /><br/></nowiki>)
one axis Oz perpendicular to the module plane (vertical when the module is flat) and one axis Ox paralelle to the module plane (horizontal when the module is flat)
Caractéristics of the module:
mass: m=21,2 kg
Length: L=1,8m
Width: 1m
Wikipedia theory tells us intertia moment along Oz axis is :
Jdelta=1/12*m*L
Jdelta=1/12*1,8*21,2=3,18Nm
Nb: we suppose the module is a bar because here the rotation axis is the axis paralell to the plane of the rectangle formed by the module and not the perpendicular axis
We now experimentally verify:
Center the module on the plate lifter and put it horizontally
verify there is no wind
check the level on which the mast of the plate lifter is put
fix a horizontal lanmark at the bottom of the module
set a 500g mass at the extremity of the module
measure the distance between the position at equilibrium and the position with the mass
We have:
Jdelta=d*F
with d distance in meter to the axis of rotation
F force applied to the solid (here mg with m solid mass in kg and g gravitational constant)
We then have
Jdelta=0,9*0,5*9,8=4,41Nm
We measure the rotation: in our case, the distance of rotation at the extremity of the module varies between 3 and 10cm. The important variations
are due to frictions on the axis that can force or slide more freely
The order of magnitude of the inertia momen is verified
For the moment of inertia along axis Ox, it is more difficult to verify experimentally, because the axise of the plate lifter doesnt allow
to have a position at equilibrium with the module mass (which will finish on the stop under its own weight)
Therefore, we will accept the theory:
The theory says
Jdelta=1/12*m(b²+c²) with m mass of the module, b lenght of the short side of the module and c length of the long side of the module
Jdelta=1/12*21,2*(1,8²+1²)=7,49NM
This theoretical result is strongly lower than the weigth of the module, so we will size based on the necessary force to lift the weigth of the module (the axis being submitted to the weight):
F=mg=21,2*9,8
In order of magnitude 200Nm (1m of lever arm in order of magnitude)
We have now the caracteristics to size the engines of our module along two rotation axis
But the trackers have a consequent wind exposure
If we want to take into account the resistance to the wind, we must measure the force applied to the module according to wind speed:
Fp=1/2*ρ*v²*S*Cp
With ρ air density equal to 1,2 kg/m3 in order of magnitude for standard temperature and pressure conditions
v wind speed in m/s
S object surface in m²
Cp pressure coefficient without dimension égal to 2 for a rectangular metal plate
We have:
Fp=1/2*1,2*1,8*2*v²=2,16*v²
Chatgpt can give us the abacus of wind speeds in km/h and their conversions in m/2 and the generic name in meteorology
Calm: Less than 1 km/h (Less than 0.3 m/s)
Very light breeze: 1-5 km/h (0.3-1.5 m/s)
Light breeze: 6-11 km/h (1.6-3.0 m/s)
Gentle breeze: 12-19 km/h (3.4-5.4 m/s)
Moderate breeze: 20-28 km/h (5.5-7.9 m/s)
Fresh breeze: 29-38 km/h (8.0-10.7 m/s)
Strong breeze: 39-49 km/h (10.8-13.8 m/s)
Moderate wind: 50-61 km/h (13.9-16.9 m/s)
Near gale: 62-74 km/h (17.2-20.6 m/s)
Gale: 75-88 km/h (20.8-24.4 m/s)
Strong gale: 89-102 km/h (24.7-28.3 m/s)
Storm: 103-117 km/h (28.6-32.5 m/s)
Hurricane: At least 118 km/h (At least 32.8 m/s)
So we have a Force Fp that can vary from
An order of magnitude of 20N for a ligth breeze
to
An order of magnitude of 2000N for a storm
(NB: the gravity force of 1kg is approximately 10N so the force of 2000N corresponds in order of magnitude to the gravity force of 200kg).
The inertia moments on the axis are of the same order of magnitude (20Nm and 2000Nm) because the dimensions of the module are an order of magnitude of 1 m
If you want to build a tracker that can resist to storm conditions, it is advised to size the tracker consequently
On the one hand with sufficient ties in the ground, and on the other hand with an adapted frame -see caravan tips at the end of this stage-, and deactivate
when there are stronger winds.)
Wind resistance sizing is one of the reasons trackers are expensive et less generalized than standard photovoltaic installations
The step motors and servomotors that have an adequate torke to resist to important winds are expensive, et that can be understandable for motors designed for step precision
(For example here: https://www.distrelec.fr/fr/automatisation/moteurs-et-entrainements/moteurs-pas-pas-et-servocommandes/c/cat-L3D_525513 )
For hydraulic cylinders, the driving force is generally in orders of magnitude fitting to resist to storms.For our low-tech tutorial, we know that core drilling machines have torque in an order of magnitude fitting to resist to storms (1W corresponds to 1 N multiplying 1 meter per second, so a core drilling machine of 2000W should have an adequate torque of more or less 2000Nm).
After verification on the technical caracteristics of drills, impact screwdriver, and after a manual verification of resistances (brake,clutch) when the engine is not powered, this type of engine doesnt fit.
To size a resistance to winds between the storm and hurricane we will proceed differently:
We find on aliexpress a affordable prices (70€) step motors or endless screw motors with torque in an order of magnitude of 20Nm(200kgcm). We will use thi engine with two reductors 1:10 to get a resisting torque of 2000Nm.
Recall: the torque expressed in Nm is a rotation force produced by the motor that can be computed with the same principle of the inertia moment: the force in newton x the distance to the rotation axis
Belt or chain transmission permit to reduce this torque, and that can be calculated very easily
C1=(R1/R2)*C2
With C1 torque on pulley 1
R1 pulley 1 radius
C2 torque on pulley 2
R2 pulley 2 radius
The radius is directly proportional to the number of teeth of a gear wheel (a bike cog or a motorcycle cog for example), we can easily calculate the transmission reduction by dividing the number of teeth of the big cog by the number of teeth of the little cog (verify they have the same teeth standards)
Therefore a transmission 80 teeth/10 teeth (80T/10T) will produce a reduction of 1:8, like here on amazon for an electric bike ("Keenso Kit Chaîne et Pignon 80T 25H 34mm 3 Trous Pignon 10T H Trou Chaîne Pignon 146 Maillons Chaîne") for 30€.
We will notice that a standard bike transmission have a maximum transmission reduction of 50 teeth/11 teeth so a reduction of 1:5, which is not enough for efficient reduction witouth multiplying pulleys
It is difficult to find transmissions with reduction of 1:10, but we find some on aliexpress and we will easily adapt a bicycle drive on which we will weld cogs, which will allow us a reduction of 1:100 with only one axis added in addition to the principal axis and the engine axis
So we will use an engine step motor or an endless screw engine (resistance unpowered test at reception) commanded by a raspberry pi (but the plate lifter has wheels, so we will take the precaution to put away the tracker when there's a storm ;))
Carvan tips: to size the width of the metal frame, modern norms dont seem to be really made on scientific basis but on commercial basis. We will therefore measure the width of old material (made in the 70s). For example, the frame of this old caravan accredited on its registration document for a 750kg weigth has a metal frame of 5mm width. On can then make a rule of 3 to verify the width of our frame fits.
This is rustic style (strenght of material calculs is rigorous and complex), but it allows to have a firest approximation "a visto de nas" as we say in gascon - The how to of how to's + (''' 1 - Tools''' A camera, a microphone, … ''' 1 - Tools''' A camera, a microphone, SD cards, batteries, a tripod. Check before use the state of your tools : SD card with sufficient disk space, battery charged, etc. ''' 2 - Location of the movie''' Choose where does the action takes place, in order to have a good sound quality and good luminosity: - Indoor, beware of the lack of light and artificial lights, that will impact your video quality. Think of fridges, clocks as well, that could create parasite sounds. These will be disappointing for the spectator watching your video. - Outdoor, beware of backlighting and the lack of light. Concerning the sound, the wind is fatal. Protect your microphone and its exposure ! "In both cases:" - Be careful that no big light pits are in your field of view. - Avoid too big spaces, the backplane should rather be short. - Filming during the day is highly recommended. At night, you'll get granulas on your images. ''' 3 - Positionning of the camera''' In order to know where to place the camera, ask the actor what he's going to do at each step. It is therefore easy to place the camera without being annoyed with his hands. On the workbench should only be present the material used at the precise step. This permits not to be visually polluted. ''' 4 - Scenes''' "Dissect steps" : Film one scene per step, if possible. - Vary short and large scenes to air the video. - For explicative scenes (explanation of a step, of the context), prefer large scenes. - For active scenes (filming the action), prefer short scenes. - It is highly recommended to film two frames per action. - Head to foot framings are not recommended, prefer middle range frames or short frames. - When someone is speaking, do not "cut his head off" during framing. Let an empty space above him. - Avoid to place the person right in the center of the frame. Putting him on the side will bring dynamism to your scene. - Filming static scenes is highly recommended to avoir any shaking. - Put the camera on a tripod or on something static. ''' 5 - Focus''' For the focus, check whether the camera is on automatic or manual mode. - If it is on automatic, well check that the camera is focusing on the action and not on the person head. - If it is on manual, set the focus on the action before starting to film. ""Example"": "Here, I'm going to melt the white wire on the + pole...". We need here a close plane, we focus on the object to melt, and we check that our hands are not between the object and the camera when we film. ""Be careful"" : For tutos realized with smartphones, the difficulty is to realize static scenes. Put the phone on a stable, static place during the whole sequence. ''' 6 - Filming in order to edit the video''' - Don't tell yourself that mistakes can be rectified at video editing. - Avoid to film in black and white or vertically. - Launching the video recordings, let a dead time before action starts or discussion begins in order to facilitate video editing. - Make simple rushes for get an easy video edition. ''' 7 - Content''' The video content will tighly be linked to the written step by step. "Context video : (2 minutes)" - Present the low-tech and its economical, environmental, social or other interests. - Present an issue solved by the low-tech (problematic and solution) - Do not hesitate to start from a larger context to a local one, or even personal one. - It is important to choose with the speaker, what is going to be said. Le scene will be explicative, so prefer a large frame scene. - Add cut-scenes (action) for this part don't be only a monolog in front of the camera. Think as well to make action scenes "on the field", that will be in concordance with the context. "Fabrication video : (5-10 minutes)" Ask yourself which kind of video is preferable to realize. Notably when speaking of explanations : will they be voice-overed, lived, or subtitled ? - Beware of hands between the camera and the action. - Always keep in mind that everyone has to understand the action. For this, it can be interesting to explain : "I'm doing this action for this reason, with this material that I got at this place ..." - Do not forget to mention safety intructions. "Dissect the fabrication in several key-steps:" - The functioning: present the functioning principle of the low-tech - The material : materials and tools necessary for the fabrication - The fabrication : dissect every step, one scene for one action, and explain them precisely, speaking loud and articulating. - The use : scenes on its situation. - Advices : It is possible to finish the video giving some advices.e to finish the video giving some advices.)
- Cultivation of oyster mushrooms + ( *Open the sterilized bottles to inoculate … *Open the sterilized bottles to inoculate them with your mother spawn, rich in mycelium, delicate passage because it is necessary to be fast enough to limit the risks of contamination during the opening of the bottles. It is important to work in a sterile environment during this operation (clean hands, clean clothes, etc...). *Using tweezers previously sterilized in rubbing alcohol, place the ends of cardboard boxes covered with mycelium on the substrate of your bottles. *Close the bottles immediately and put them in your incubator at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light. *Using tweezers previously sterilized in alcohol at 70°C, place the ends of cardboard boxes covered with mycelium on the substrate of your bottles. *Close the bottles immediately and put them in your incubator at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light. at a temperature of 20-30°C, without light. )
- Wind turbine + ('''Wind turbine''' 1 - Preparing the moto … '''Wind turbine''' 1 - Preparing the motor 2 - Motor axis 3 - Preparing the rotor blades 4 - Aileron and base for rotor blades 5 - Assembly '''Electric circuit''' 1 - Rectifiers 2 - Capacitors 3 - tension stabilizer 4 - Connecting the USB port Motor protection Connecting the USB port Motor protection)
- Dry Toilets For Family + ( * Cut a wood rectangle of 4,8*14,6 in and 1,2 thick * Sand and deburr if required Notes : This pillar helps to get back when a user sit. )
- Bokashi “Kitchen compost” + ( * Drill numerous holes at the bottom of the compost bucket with the 3mm bit. )
- Spirulina farming + ( * Screw a white plastic cap at the end of a ruler or a plastic or wooden rod of about 20 centimeters, * Scale the stem from 0 to about ten centimeters, with the 0 at the level of the cap. )
- Ceramic water filter + ( *'''Clay :''' Clay is the base material … *'''Clay :''' Clay is the base material for the water filter device. A clay pot allows for extremely slow movement of water through the natural pores that exist between the fired clay tablets. The size of these pores has been measured (using an electron microscope) and found to be between 0.6 and 3.0 microns (μm). They are able to eliminate most bacteria, protozoa and helminths (Lantagne, 2001a), as well as dirt or sediment and organic matter. The clay used to make classical pottery may be suitable for the production of water filters. However, hydraulic conductivity and pore size can vary widely depending on the type of clay, potentially to the point of not being suitable for flow rates and / or microbiological removal (Oyanedel-Craver and Smith, 2008, in Lantagne et al, 2010, [1]). A high content of sand or silt in the clay can reduce cross-linking of the clay and weaken the structure of the filter. On the other hand, an overly refined clay (smaller particles) has a greater water holding capacity and is therefore more prone to shrinkage and cracking during firing. As the characteristics of clay are a critical factor in the success or failure of ceramic water filter production, it is recommended that you carefully study the sources and potential types of clay before committing significant resources. Potters for Peace has produced a document providing details of the clay test, listed in the "Reference Note" section [18] *'''Combustible material :''' "Combustible" organic materials, such as sawdust or ground rice husks, are added to the clay mixture. When exposed to the high temperatures of the kiln, the "combustible material" burns, leaving behind cavities in the fired clay. Water moves more easily through cavities than through pores in clay. Therefore, the presence of the cavities decreases the distance that water must travel through the clay substrate, and therefore increases the overall flow rate of the filter. It is important to carry out tests on your materials. The ratio of clay to combustible material is important for establishing the flow rate and therefore the efficacy of the filters. *'''Colloidal silver''' : Colloidal silver is a solution made of suspended nanoparticles of silver and silver ions. It has been used as a natural disinfectant in medicine for many years. Although the exact mechanisms of bacterial destruction are not yet fully understood, it appears that colloidal silver breaks down the cell walls of bacteria and then binds to their proteins, thus disrupting their function [[https://www.hwts.info/document/8bda3e01/investigation-of-the-potters-for-peace-colloidal-silver-impregnated-ceramic-filter-report-1-intrinsi 2]] [[https://www.hwts.info/research/1245c13a/protozoa-and-virus-disinfection-by-silver-and-copper-embedded-ceramic-tablets-for-water-purification 3]]. Today it is mainly produced by electrolysis. The silver applied to the inside and outside of the filter is absorbed into the pores of the clay. The silver ions are reduced to elemental silver and form colloids inside the walls of the filter. Silver acts as a biocide against bacteria when there is sufficient contact time (= not too large pores). cient contact time (= not too large pores). )
- Homemade toothpaste + ( *'''Coconut oil:''' Used here for its moi … *'''Coconut oil:''' Used here for its moisturising and antibacterial properties. *'''Sodium bicarbonate''' food grade: Used here for its whitening, abrasive action. It can be used for a multitude of purposes (cleaning product, deodorant, heartburn remover, teeth whitening...). Made from limestone and salt. May cause irritation in some people. Can be dissolved or replaced with white clay in this case. Expect to pay ~3-4 euros/kg *'''Essential oils''' (Tea Tree, lemon, peppermint, etc.) for their antibacterial and refreshing properties. However, use them sparingly, as their manufacture [https://www.jedeviensecolo.fr/huiles-essentielles-le-faux-ami-ecolo/ consumes a lot of natural resources]. *'''White Kaolin clay :''' widely used in oral care products, particularly for its abrasive properties, which help to eliminate bacteria. It will clean teeth while providing a whitening action. White kaolin clay is renowned for its purifying properties in mouth care products. It reduces inflammation and soothes sensitive gums. Approximately 10 euros/kg s in mouth care products. It reduces inflammation and soothes sensitive gums. Approximately 10 euros/kg )
- Multifunctional Crankset + ( *Salvage the hub of the front wheel (whic … *Salvage the hub of the front wheel (which is not used) and remove all spokes. *Attach a pulley on either side of the hub. Transmission pulley 1 will be driven by a belt connected to the bike wheel, and transmission pulley 2 will power the desired tool with a second belt. *Secure the hub on a block of wood with the eye straps. This block of wood will later be attached to the table. f wood will later be attached to the table. )
- Kombucha fabric + (This step lasts about 5 minutes. It is ver … This step lasts about 5 minutes. It is very important the liquid is below 30°Celcius, before adding the other ingredients: - to prevent odor vinegar emission - not to kill the starter and SCOBY * Pour the vinegar + add mix previously made + the Starter Mix * Add your SCOBY * Cover the tray and protect it from light* Cover the tray and protect it from light)
- Autonomous solar watermaker + (1 Solar concentrator 1.1 Frame 1.2 M … 1 Solar concentrator 1.1 Frame 1.2 Main reflector 1.2.1 Support for main reflector 1.2.2 Mirrors 1.3 Secondary reflector 1.3.1 Support for secondary reflector 1.3.2 Secondary reflector and copper pipe 2 Watermaker 2.1 Evaporation tank 2.1.1 Frame 2.1.2 Stages 2.1.3 Copper pipe 2.2 Condensation tank 2.2.1 Frame 2.2.2 Copper pipes 2.2.2.1 Copper condensing coil 2.2.2.2 Copper water inlet pipe 2.2.2.3 Copper water outlet pipe 2.2.3 Cover 3 Total circuit 3.1 Circuit closing pipes4 3.2 Pump 3.1 Circuit closing pipes4 3.2 Pump)
- The Norwegian Kettle (Hay Box) + ('''Note''': The small box must be at least … '''Note''': The small box must be at least 1 cm higher than the cooking pot and at least 4 cm wider or longer 1) Using either a wood saw or a jig saw cut the wooden planks using the measurements taken previously 2) Assemble the wooden planks using nails and a hammer '''Planks for the small box''' - 2 planks (1 cm taller than the cooking pot) x (4 cm longer than the cooking pot) -2 planks (1 cm taller than the cooking pot) x (4 cm wider than the cooking pot) - 1 or several planks (4 cm wider than the pot) x (4cm longer than the pot) than the pot) x (4cm longer than the pot))
- Oyas + (<br/><div class="icon-instruction …
Goal: that the upper parts of the pots fit together well enough two by two to then allow a solid, watertight seal. Even when manufactured industrially, clay pots are not always perfectly round, and their dimensions can vary. If the 2 pots do not fit together sufficiently: #look for a better fit by turning the top one on its axis #plane the rim of the pot using a wood file, a sander or an angle grinder Once fitted, mark the chosen position.
im of the pot using a wood file, a sander or an angle grinder Once fitted, mark the chosen position. <br/>) - Collective laundry practice + (<u>The individual reflection:</u& … The individual reflection: Take a pen and a paper, and try to answer to these questions. The goal is to define the habits and needs of each laundry practice. ''1. How often do you do the laundry?'' ''2. Do you sort your clothes?'' ''3. If yes, how?'' ''4. Which machine programs do you use?'' ''5. What do you like about your practice?'' ''6. What would you change in your practice? ''our practice?'' ''6. What would you change in your practice? '')
- Fermented drinks - Homemade sodas + (For 1 l of ginger ale : *1 l of non chlor … For 1 l of ginger ale : *1 l of non chlorinated water *50 gr of sugar *50 gr of fresh peeled and thinly chopped ginger *5 cl of lemon juice *5 cl of ginger bug (filtered liquid only) This dosage of ginger is indicative and results in a slightly spicy beverage. The lemon juice only adds flavour and takes no part in the fermentation process. #Fill a pot with water, ginger and lemon juice and sugar. Bring to boil until the sugar is dissolved. #Remove from heat and decant in a 1.5 l jar. Let cool at room temperature. #Add the ginger bug (don't forget to put back as much water as you took in the ginger bug, with a pinch of sugar). #Close hermetically and let ferment for 2-5 depending on the room temperature. #Filter and put in a bottle (a glass bottle with joint and metal lid or a plastic soda bottle). #Use within 2-3 days if kept at room temperature or under 2 weeks if kept in the fridge.re or under 2 weeks if kept in the fridge.)
- Domestic biodigestor + (The entry of the system will be the biodig … The entry of the system will be the biodigestor mouth. The installation will first be done to verify dimensions of the system, and then will be dissasembled and definitively glued. * Put a PVC pipe in one of the digestor openings, without putting it too much inside (this would reduce matter circulation). * Create a 90° angle using two 45° bends. On small diameter tubes, it is better to have smooth angles, as a direct 90° angle would get stuck more easily. * Build the "mouth" with large diameter pipes. The larger the mouth is, the easier it will be to feed the digestor. A first fermentation process happens in the mouth. An unscrewable lid closes the mouth. * Link the mouth to the digestor, placing it higher than the digestor, so that matter can circulate in the system with gravity. can circulate in the system with gravity.)
- Solar water heater + (Refrigerators are numerous in waste collec … Refrigerators are numerous in waste collection centres, it is necessary to identify those which have the adequate grids (see Preface - Grid) and of the largest possible dimension. Pinching the pipes at the outlet of the compressor will limit the exhaust of refrigerant gases. Cut the pipes as close as possible to the compressor to ensure maximum length with the grid. Unscrew the grid. Wash the grid with soapy water. Blow a blower into the pipes to remove impurities. Seal the pipes with tape to prevent impurities from getting into them, as they may have a small diameter and become obstructed.ve a small diameter and become obstructed.)
- Wooden bicycle trailer + (Before any construction project, it is imp … Before any construction project, it is important to define the need. In our case, we wanted to transport objects 2m50 long in Paris. The trailer can be used to transport other pallets, or to transport boxes, the structure is adapted accordingly. It is also necessary to put down in writing the desired structure and to reflect in group on the feasibility of this structure. The width of a bicycle trailer cannot exceed 1m.dth of a bicycle trailer cannot exceed 1m.)
- Lampe solaire à batteries lithium récupérées + (Ce tutoriel montre comment récupérer des c … Ce tutoriel montre comment récupérer des cellules d’ordinateur pour refabriquer une nouvelle batterie. Alimentée par un panneau solaire, ou par un port USB, elle permettra d'allumer une lampe à LED. Le système fonctionne autour de trois modules : * le module de réception de l'énergie : le panneau solaire et son régulateur de charge * le module de stockage de l'énergie : la batterie * le module qui rend l'énergie : la lampe LED et son régulateur de tension '''Module de réception de l'énergie : panneau photovoltaïque & régulateur de charge''' Le panneau photovoltaïque concentre l'énergie du soleil. Il permet de récupérer son énergie afin de la stocker ensuite dans la batterie. Mais attention, la quantité d'énergie reçue par le panneau étant irrégulière en fonction de l'heure qu'il est, du temps qu'il fait... il est important d’installer un régulateur de charge/décharge entre le panneau et la batterie. Celle-ci sera protégée entre autre contre la surcharge. '''Module de stockage de l'énergie : la batterie''' Elle est composée de deux cellules en lithium récupérées dans un ordinateur. Pour schématiser à l'extrême, une batterie, c'est un peu comme un boîtier qui contiendrait plusieurs piles : chacune d'entre elles est une cellule, une unité qui fournit du courant à l'appareil par réaction électrochimique. Les cellules qu’on trouve dans les ordinateurs sont des cellules au lithium. Elle ont toutes la même capacité à stocker l’énergie, par contre, leur capacité à la rendre est différente pour chacune. Pour former une batterie à partir de cellules il est important que ces dernières aient toutes la même capacité à rendre de l’énergie. Il faut donc mesurer la capacité de chacune des cellules pour composer des batteries homogènes. '''Module qui rend l'énergie : la lampe LED, le port USB 5V et son convertisseur de tension''' Notre batterie nous délivre du courant en 3,7V et les lampes LED que nous avons utilisé fonctionnent à cette même tension. Par ailleurs, les ports USB délivrent une tension de 5V. Nous avons donc besoin de transformer l'énergie de la cellule de 3,7V à 5V : à l'aide d'un convertisseur de tension appelé DC/DC booster l'aide d'un convertisseur de tension appelé DC/DC booster)
- Lampe solaire à batteries lithium récupérées + (Ce tutoriel montre comment récupérer des c … Ce tutoriel montre comment récupérer des cellules d’ordinateur pour refabriquer une nouvelle batterie. Alimentée par un panneau solaire, ou par un port USB, elle permettra d'allumer une lampe à LED. Le système fonctionne autour de trois modules : * le module de réception de l'énergie : le panneau solaire et son régulateur de charge * le module de stockage de l'énergie : la batterie * le module qui rend l'énergie : la lampe LED et son régulateur de tension '''Module de réception de l'énergie : panneau photovoltaïque & régulateur de charge''' Le panneau photovoltaïque concentre l'énergie du soleil. Il permet de récupérer son énergie afin de la stocker ensuite dans la batterie. Mais attention, la quantité d'énergie reçue par le panneau étant irrégulière en fonction de l'heure qu'il est, du temps qu'il fait... il est important d’installer un régulateur de charge/décharge entre le panneau et la batterie. Celle-ci sera protégée entre autre contre la surcharge. '''Module de stockage de l'énergie : la batterie''' Elle est composée de deux cellules en lithium récupérées dans un ordinateur. Pour schématiser à l'extrême, une batterie, c'est un peu comme un boîtier qui contiendrait plusieurs piles : chacune d'entre elles est une cellule, une unité qui fournit du courant à l'appareil par réaction électrochimique. Les cellules qu’on trouve dans les ordinateurs sont des cellules au lithium. Elle ont toutes la même capacité à stocker l’énergie, par contre, leur capacité à la rendre est différente pour chacune. Pour former une batterie à partir de cellules il est important que ces dernières aient toutes la même capacité à rendre de l’énergie. Il faut donc mesurer la capacité de chacune des cellules pour composer des batteries homogènes. '''Module qui rend l'énergie : la lampe LED, le port USB 5V et son convertisseur de tension''' Notre batterie nous délivre du courant en 3,7V et les lampes LED que nous avons utilisé fonctionnent à cette même tension. Par ailleurs, les ports USB délivrent une tension de 5V. Nous avons donc besoin de transformer l'énergie de la cellule de 3,7V à 5V : à l'aide d'un convertisseur de tension appelé DC/DC booster l'aide d'un convertisseur de tension appelé DC/DC booster)
- Ivy liquid detergent + (Collect around 50 leaves for 1L of water
… Collect around 50 leaves for 1L of water
*Where to find ivy Ivy is a shade plant that generally grows on tree trunks but also on the north faces of buildings and low walls. *Recognise ivy Ivy leaves are alternate, with a fairly sturdy limb, dark green or slightly whitish around the edges. Young leaves are star-shaped, while adult leaves have two different shapes depending on their function: - stem leaves are palmatinervate with 5 more or less deep lobes (sometimes 3) - those of floriferous stems (with access to light) are oval, with a sharp apexith access to light) are oval, with a sharp apex) - Worm Compost Bins + (Drill with drill bit to make the hole for the valve tap and fit the stainless ball or butterfly valvetap (1/2” inch or 3/4” inch) with hydraulic fittings. The tap should be approximately 5-10cm from the bottom of the barrel.)
- Lâmpada solar de baterias de lítio restauradas + (Quanto a esta parte, convidamos você a con … Quanto a esta parte, convidamos você a consultar o tutorial [http://lowtechlab.org/wiki/R%C3%A9cup%C3%A9ration_de_batteries "Recuperação de baterias"]
*Ponha luvas para proteger as mãos
* Fixe a bateria em um torno, para que ela fique imobilizada, e com a ajuda de um martelo e um formão abra-a. ''(Imagem 1)''
*Separe cada célula: desencape as células com o alicate de corte, para remover-lhe todos os outros componentes. ''(Imagem 2)''
outros componentes. ''(Imagem 2)'' <br/>) - Lámpara solar con baterías de litio recuperadas. + (Este tutorial muestra como recuperar célul … Este tutorial muestra como recuperar células de un ordenador para fabricar una nueva batería. Esta batería, alimentada por un panel solar o por un puerto USB, le permitirá alumbrar una lámpara de LED. El sistema funciona en torno a tres módulos: * el módulo de recepción de energía : el panel solar y su regulador de carga * el módulo de almacenamiento de energía : la batería * el módulo que utiliza la energía : la lámpara LED y su regulador de tensión '''Módulo de recepción de energía : panel solar y regulador de carga''' El panel solar concentra la energía que proviene del sol y permite recuperarla y almacenarla en la batería. No obstante, hay que tener en cuenta que la cantidad de energía que recibe el panel es irregular en función de la hora, del tiempo que hace, ... por eso es importante instalar un regulador de carga/descarga entre el panel y la batería. De este modo, este estará protegida de sufrir sobrecargas, entre otras cosas. '''Módulo de almacenamiento de energía : la batería''' Se compone de dos células de litio recuperadas de un ordenador usado. En pocas palabras, una batería es una caja que contiene varias pilas: cada una de ellas es una célula, una unidad que suministra energía al dispositivo mediante una reacción electroquímica. Las células que encontramos en los ordenadores son de litio. Todas ellas tienen misma capacidad de almacenar energía, pero su capacidad para rendirla es diferente en cada una. Para fabricar una batería a partir de células, es importante que todas células tengan la misma capacidad de suministrar energía. Por lo tanto, es necesario medir la capacidad de cada una para componer baterías homogéneas. '''Módulo que rinde la energía : la lámpara LED, el puerto USB y su regulador de tensión''' La batería nos suministra energía de 3,7 V y las lámparas LED que tenemos funcionan al mismo voltaje. Sin embargo, los puertos USB suministran energía de 5 V. Por lo tanto, necesitamos convertir la energía de la célula de 3,7 V a 5V usando un regulador de voltaje llamado convertidor DC/DC Booster.egulador de voltaje llamado convertidor DC/DC Booster.)
- Made-to-measure mosquito net + (First of all, you need to '''measure the s … First of all, you need to '''measure the size of your window'''. You need to measure the '''empty space''', i.e. the '''smallest opening''', where you can put your hand.
To do this, use a tape measure to measure the '''height/length''' and '''width''' of the window, as shown in the diagram.
the tutorial, without it you won't be able to make a mosquito net</div> </div><br/>) - Preservation module + (Fruits and vegetables are all differents. … Fruits and vegetables are all differents. That's why they need different environments, mainly based on ambient temperature, light and relative humidity. ADVICE There are sometimes several ways to preserve fruits and vegetables. The best way to choose is to try !tables. The best way to choose is to try !)
- Thrifty and stand-alone water point + (Gather 3 transversal battens from the wooden box (1 short / 2 long) et use them to make a T-shaped lever (around 25cm - 10 inch long). Attach those 3 pieces with some glue.)
- Warmer + (Here are the quantities for one warmer ! T … Here are the quantities for one warmer ! The mass of vinegar depends on its concentration.
===Quantity for one warmer=== 35g baking sodaNB: The density of vinegar is very close to that of water, 1kg for 1L.;</tr><tr> <td>14 </td><td>180 </td><td>180 </td></tr><tr> <td>16 </td><td>155 </td><td>155 </td></tr></table> These values are approximate. You can find out how to calculate them in the theoretical sections. </div> NB: The density of vinegar is very close to that of water, 1kg for 1L.)
These values are approximate. You can find out how to calculate them in the theoretical sections.Concentration of vinegar [%] [g Mass of vinegar [g] Approximate volume of vinegar [mL 6 415 415 8 315 315 10 250 250 12 210 210 14 180 180 16 155 155 - Micro gasifier stove + (1 - On the bottom of the box (2), mark the … 1 - On the bottom of the box (2), mark the location of about fifteen holes distributed over the entire surface. In the upper part of the box (2), mark the location of about ten holes, evenly distributed around the can. 2 - Then drill at the marked locations with a 7 mm drill bit (or with the hammer and nail).m drill bit (or with the hammer and nail).)
- Serveur orangepi-raspberry nextcloud en photovoltaïque autonome + (Voir images)
- Ski benches + (Plan this search in advance of the workshop: skis can be collected from waste collection centres, and pallets from the depots of supermarkets and DIY shops.)
- Bio-Coal + (Provide us with you remarks, ideas, experiences [http://lowtechlab.wikifab.org/index.php/Discussion:Bio_Charbon '''here'''] to help us improve this lowtech!)
- Black Soldier Fly breeding + (The breeding environment can be made with … The breeding environment can be made with various materials. For the prototype of the boat for example, we built a wooden box in which we put a plastic bin containing the waste and larvae (See photo). For example, you can use a plastic drum cut on top, or a simple plastic box. '''For the construction:''' '''1. Preparation of the boards''' *Using an electric or hand saw, cut the 6 boards to the right lengths *Sand the boards *Apply an undercoat on all sides of the boards and allow to dry *Apply a coat of wood paint and let it dry *Apply a coat of varnish (optional) and let it dry '''2. Assembly of the box''' *Using the angles and screws, assemble the boards on the bottom of the box *Using angles and screws, connect the different sides of the box *Cut out cleats to strengthen the inside of the box and attach the lid to it. *Using screws, fix the cleats on the upper part of the walls *Prepare the cover by installing hinges. *Install the cover on the box and fix the hinges '''3. Preparation of the waste box''' If the sides of your waste bin are not very high, it may be useful to put an additional barrier against larvae escape *Pass an old used inner tube all around your tray and leave a part coming out towards the inside *Staple the inner tube to the tray *Place the tray at the bottom of the box and stick it against one side '''4. Preparation of the slope''' *Cut the board in the shape of a trapezoid so that it forms a ramp when placed on the waste and joins the edge of the box at an angle of less than 45 degrees *Cut cleats to fit the external shapes of the ramp *Secure them with screws on the ramp '''5. Installation of the ramp ''' To facilitate maintenance, we put the ramp on a hinge to be able to lift it up and easily remove the bin from the waste *Install a hinge on the lower part of the ramp *Attach the hinge to the box '''6. Cutting of the holes on the box''' In order to allow the entry of flies and the exit of larvae, holes must be drilled on the sides of the box. For larvaes: *Measure the location where the ramp arrives and count 2cm high for the opening *Using a drill, make holes at the 4 ends of your opening *Using a saw, connect these holes to create an opening For the flies *On the sides of the box, drill with a hole saw about ten openings of 5cm in diameter '''7. Placing of the larvae collection box''' *Using screws, fix the plastic box under the larvae exit slot '''8. Laying supports (if no separate aviary)''' *Cut out pieces of cardboard boxes that are 10cm by 5cm thick. *Assemble 4 pieces with string *Attach two screws to the cleats at both ends of the box *Hang a string on these screws *Hang the egg-laying supports on the string so that they are as close as possible to the waste '''The general recommendations for the design of the living environment are :''' - Size your waste bin according to your weekly volume. Indeed, it is not necessary to have a too thick layer of substrate so it is better to be able to spread out your waste rather than stack it. - Drill holes so that female flies can come and lay eggs inside. - Place the egg-laying supports above the waste, as close as possible. These can be made of honeycomb cardboard or wooden planks separated by a pin (a gap must be left in which the flies will lay their eggs). During hatching, the larvae will fall directly into the waste. - Have a well sealed waste box to prevent larvae from escaping in case of lack of food. - Put a ramp for the exit of the larvae. It can be inclined up to 45 degrees but prefer a softer slope. As larvae tend to follow the edges of the box to find the exit, it may be good if the ramp is the full width of the box. - Avoid the ventilation holes on top to protect the substrate as much as possible from rain. On the pictures, you can see the plans of the system we had validated and that works on the boat. The fly inlet/outlet holes on the top have been plugged and the aviary attached to the cover has been changed to a separate aviary, see below. works on the boat. The fly inlet/outlet holes on the top have been plugged and the aviary attached to the cover has been changed to a separate aviary, see below.)
- Garde-Manger: Pantry Storage + (The first step in using a food-storage sys … The first step in using a food-storage system, such as the one proposed here, is for the user to question the ways in which they buy and consume. Given that food storage modules that we're going to propose below are mainly designed for raw and fresh foods, it would be complicated for the user feeding themselves with ready-made meals to benefit from the technical suggestions provided, for example. The "Zero Waste" approach, originating from Franco-American Béa Johnson, is an excellent method to put into practice. It enables, at the same time, a significant reduction of waste produced globally (packaging, plastic, etc). [https://www.zerowastefrance.org/ Zero Waste France] is a very good resource for complementary information on helping consumers take action.ormation on helping consumers take action.)
- Coco soap + (The first step is to extract the coconut o … The first step is to extract the coconut oil from ripe coconut (brown nuts). Here is the procedure: * Open the coconut * Scrape the pulp with a scraper if you do not have a mixer-blender. If you own a blender you can detach the pulp from the shell roughly and mix everything. * Put the resulting coconut crumbs in a container, cover with hot water and mix well. If you use a blender you can directly cover with hot water and mix. * Place a clean towel over a second container and filter the resulting coconut milk. press the cloth tightly to obtain as much filtrate as possible. * Place the coconut milk obtained in a plastic bottle and allow to settle until two distinct phases are obtained. We find the coconut cream above and the water below. Drill a small hole in the bottom of the bottle to let the water escape and plug the hole to keep the cream. * Pour the cream into a pan and cook over medium heat, stirring. Burnished cream and translucent oil is extracted. This step can take several tens of minutes. * Filter the extracted coconut oil.nutes. * Filter the extracted coconut oil.)
- Orangepi-raspberry pi nextcloud server (photovoltaics powered) + (The links to the photovoltaics material ar … The links to the photovoltaics material are in the autonomie.ods file (readable with libreoffice) attached to this tutorial. - raspberry pi : 42€ on leboncoin -Orange pi : single board computer: Orange pi 5 single board computer with 4,8,16 or 32 Go of ram 2,4Ghz ARM Cortex-A55 CPU This card is compatible with nvme pcie 2.0 hard drives (2242 or 2230, pcie is retrocompatible ie 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 work with lower speed on orange pi 5) Same principle as here but a bit more powerful and we can plug a hard drive (useful for nextcloud which is made to host files) and it starts automatically on a usb stick Price: 143€ brand new on aliexpress in version 16 Go on the 2nd of august 2023 Second hand on leboncoin: we find more easily raspberry pi at around 100€. It is necessary to buy a small box at 10€ (or make one) to avoid a naked single board computer -hard drive Here we use a kingston usb stick of 32Go and a nvme samsung 512Go card We can plug a hard drive of higher capacity in usb, or a nvme card (nvme pcie 2.0 ssd 2242 or 2230) compatible with pcie 3.0 4.0 and above but the speed is reduced A nvme samsung 2242 card of 500Go is about 50€ on the 2nd of august 2023. -usb stick : 10€ - rj45 cable: 5€ -Internet box or 4G modem according to your internet connection -solar pannel: here we use a flexible 120W pannel bougth 115€ brand new but we can find second hand ones at 30€ on leboncoin for an equivalente peak power. Note: for the theoretical need. See file autonomy.ods -second hand battery: use the previous lead acid battery of your car when it crashes when it's too hot in summer! -12V/24V-usb 5V battery converter: 20€ avoid amazon if you can - pwm regulator 30A: 30€ brand new if you dont buy corporate brand - DRL (day/night switch 13V): 1,5€ brand new (key word "Kit de feux de jour à LED pour voiture, contrôleur marche/arrêt automatique DRL" in french) -electric mc4 cable: 20€ Total second hand price for orangepi: 256,50€ Total brand new price for orangepi: 431,50€ Total second hand price for raspberry: 165€ See autonomie.ods - for raspberry: 165€ See autonomie.ods -)
- Hydroponics + (In order to gain in autonomy, it is possib … In order to gain in autonomy, it is possible to install a timer system thanks to a programmable electrical socket or an arduino allowing to program the starting of the pump and the bubbler.
* Indeed, for a better development of the plants, it is advisable to proceed to a regular watering alternated with dry breaks. This water stress will strengthen the roots.
For this purpose, we recommend that the pump be switched on for 30 minutes every 2 hours during the day. No watering at night.
* The biofilter needs to be aerated regularly for good growth and survival of bacteria.
'''We recommend lighting the bubbler for 1 minute every 5 minutes, 24 hours a day.'''
'''Arduino control system: '''
[[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]]
[[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]] <br/>) - Apple juice extractor + (This first stage is common to both machines. The first step is to break up the pallets to recover the wooden planks. You also need to collect screws and bolts. That's our only expense.)
- Micro-gasifier Cooking Stove + (- Put tin can (2) into the large tin can (1) as shown in the diagram. - Place tin can (3) on top of the two other tin cans which have been nested one inside the other. - The pyrolytic stove is now ready for you to use !)
- Solar lamp with reused lithium cells + (This tutorial shows how to recover compute … This tutorial shows how to recover computer cells to make a new battery. Powered by a solar panel, or by a USB port, it will allow you to light an LED lamp. The system works around three modules: * the energy reception module: the solar panel and its charge controller * the energy storage module: the battery * the module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator '''Energy Receiving Module: Photovoltaic Panel & Charge Controller''' The photovoltaic panel concentrates the energy of the sun. It allows to recover its energy in order to store it in the battery. But be careful, the amount of energy received by the panel is irregular depending on the time of day, the weather... it is important to install a charge/discharge regulator between the panel and the battery. This will be protected against overload, among other things. '''Energy storage module: the battery''' It is composed of two lithium cells recovered from a computer. To put it in a nutshell, a battery is a bit like a box containing several batteries: each of them is a cell, a unit that supplies power to the device by electrochemical reaction. The cells found in computers are lithium cells. They all have the same capacity to store energy, but their ability to make it is different for each. To form a battery from cells it is important that they all have the same ability to deliver energy. It is therefore necessary to measure the capacity of each cell to compose homogeneous batteries. '''Module that renders the energy: the LED lamp, the 5V USB port and its voltage converter''' Our battery supplies us with 3.7V power and the LED lamps we used operate at the same voltage. In addition, the USB ports provide a voltage of 5V. We therefore need to transform the cell energy from 3.7V to 5V: using a voltage converter called DC/DC booster3.7V to 5V: using a voltage converter called DC/DC booster)
- Batteries recovery + (This tutorial shows how to recover the bat … This tutorial shows how to recover the battery cells from a computer in order to create a new battery. Powered by a solar panel or by a USB port, it will allow you to light a LED lamp. The system works around three modules: * the energy reception module: the solar panel and its charge controller * the energy storage module: the battery * the module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator '''Energy Receiving Module: Photovoltaic Panel & Charge Controller''' The photovoltaic panel concentrates the energy of the sun. It allows to recover its energy in order to store it in the battery. But be careful, the amount of energy received by the panel is irregular depending on the time of day, the weather... It is important to install a charge/discharge regulator between the panel and the battery to protect it against overload, among other things. '''Energy storage module: the battery''' It is made of two lithium cells recovered from a computer. To put it in a nutshell, a battery is a bit like a box containing several batteries: each of them is a cell, a unit that supplies power to the device by electrochemical reaction. The cells found in computers are lithium cells. They all have the same capacity to store energy, but their capacity to deliver it is different for each. To make a battery from cells it is important that they all have the same capacity to deliver energy. It is therefore necessary to measure the capacity of each cell to compose homogeneous batteries. '''The module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator''' Our batterie delivers a 3.7V current and our LED lamps work with 12V. So we need to transform the cell's energy from 3.7V to 12V : thanks to the voltage regulator called DC/DC booster. A small screw on this module allows to regulate voltage. You can set it to 12V - or another voltage according to your LED's characteristics.r another voltage according to your LED's characteristics.)
- Stirling Engine + (W hereby list a few videos of diy stirling … W hereby list a few videos of diy stirling engine
mor or less diy and in french languag
W can find engin mad with a coca cola can (DDM Brico Voyageur
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBxKOkYx2rI), wooden engine made with glass syringes for the pistons (Incroyables Experiences https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s79odgWz6BM) , a 125 cm3 manufactured engine with an estimated power of 0,8kW to 8kW (0,6 horsepower to 6 horsepower) considered the measurement of 800 rpm and a tray mass estimated between 100g and 1kg (French Stirling Fablab https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z24dZ3St_JE from series https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLE1TyIvCXNyjlvWRi10LUsEMXKyRS6Ltx on channel https://www.youtube.com/@FrenchStirlingFablab) You can find notably resources to try to build your own stirling engin that you won't find in th text below As a bonus, for teachers, 1 example of a tractor and cran toys build in meccano here: http://cm1cm2.ceyreste.free.fr/stirling.html e: http://cm1cm2.ceyreste.free.fr/stirling.html) - Solar Oven (box-type oven) + (1) Take the [[:Fichier:Plans cuiseur solaire.jpg|plans de la boîte]] … 1) Take the [[:Fichier:Plans cuiseur solaire.jpg|plans de la boîte]] , the plywood panels and the tape measure 2) Copy the dimensions of the side A on one of the panels with a ruler. 3) Use the protractor to create an angle of 60° and another one of 30° as shown on the schema. 4) Fix the panel on the working table with the clamp. 5) Protect the ears and the eyes 6) Cut following the drawings with the jigsaw. 7) Copy the dimensions of the schema on the second panel to realize the side B. 8) Cut the second panel 9) Draw, cut the panels C, D and E '''Comment''': if at the cutting of the panels, the borders of the plywood panel contains thorns, it can be useful to sand the borders with sandpaper. The panels being voluntary thin, it is necessary to fix on the panels A and B the sticks that will be used as support to screw the panels C, D and E. The sticks will be, in ideal, of the same thickness of the isolator. Cut the sticks 1) Take the sticks and draw the desired dimensions 2) Fix the sticks on the clamping and cut with a saw. Fix the stick to the panels 3) Position one of the stick and use the clamp to maintain the whole 4) Return the panel and screw with a screw (two screws per stick is enough). '''Comment''': Keep in mind to keep the thickness of a panel between the end of the panel and the stick (it is at this place that the panels C, D and E will come). 1) Screw the panels C, D and E on the sticks, 3 screws are enough. We obtain so the inside of the box. The isolator will be added and then the inside box will be covered with reflectings. '''Comment''': To screw, it is sometime judicious to pre-screw with a drill or a broach.ous to pre-screw with a drill or a broach.)
- 200W Wind Turbine + ( * Choose a plank of dimension minimum 95m … * Choose a plank of dimension minimum 95mm x 35mm '''Notes''': 1) The wood should be imputrescible, light-weighted and easy to work with. For example, red cedar, Oregon pine, spruce, larch, douglas fir may be suitable. 2) For this tutorial, the section of the red cedar plank is 150mm x 45mm. 3) The parameter which determines the energy transmitted by the wind at the propeller is the length of the blade and not it’s breadth. *With the help of the blade pattern, '''lower side visible''', mark the location for the first blade. '''Notes''': 1) Put the knots and defects of the wood at the end of the blade, so that the thinnest part does not become fragile (middle-end of the blade). 2) Select the leading edge ridge as neatly as possible. This ridge will not be altered during the cutting of the blade. 3) Extend the blade tip pattern by 4-5 cm to maintain a margin in case of damage. * Do the same for the 2 other blades and cut the blades. '''Note''': When using a circular saw for cutting, be careful to place the width of the blade always on the outside of the line. * Rectify the left of the blades if necessary with the help of a plane. * Fix the 3 blades together with the help of the clamps and equalize all the irregular planes. All the 3 blades needs to be strictly identical. * Mark the position of the leading edge ridge for it to stay where it is. It will be its landmark. stay where it is. It will be its landmark. )
- Biofilter + ('''1)''' Connect the pump to the hose. '' … '''1)''' Connect the pump to the hose. '''2)''' Place it right at the back of the second 60L container. '''3)''' Pour 15 to 20L of water into the container. '''Caution: '''In order to retain the cascading effect from the biofilter, the liquid in the container should not exceed the 40L level. To avoid damage to the pump through turning it on without water, do not fill under the 10L level.ut water, do not fill under the 10L level.)
- Insulated mattress + (It consists of removing the foam inside the life jackets using scissors or an utility knife.)
- Worm Compost Bins + (Drill with drill bit to make the hole for the valve tap and fit the stainless ball or butterfly valvetap (1/2” inch or 3/4” inch) with hydraulic fittings. The tap should be approximately 5-10cm from the bottom of the barrel.)
- Solar desalinator + (For this model, the chosen floor area is 1 … For this model, the chosen floor area is 110 cm horizontal by 66 cm vertical. The wooden battens used have a section of 44 mm by 22 mm. The thickness of the frame is 44 mm. The frame is assembled with screws. At about 10 centimeters from the bottom of the frame, a cleat is added, as can be seen in the picture. It makes it possible to stiffen the frame, to stretch the sheet and to separate the freshwater and seawater parts (no risk of salt contamination).ter parts (no risk of salt contamination).)
- Energy use in households + (In France, buildings account for 45% of th … In France, buildings account for 45% of the total energy consumed, followed by transportation (33%), industry (19%), and agriculture (3%). Two-thirds of the energy consumption in this category comes from housing and one-third from service sector buildings. Within the home, in 2013, 67% of consumed energy went toward heating the home, 10.4% toward heating water, and 6% toward cooking. The remaining 16.6% was used for lighting, household appliances, office equipment, and hi-fi, all of which is grouped under the term “specific energy”. The 16,000 kWh consumed by each household costs just over €1,700 per year. In France, residential heating accounts for a larger portion of the total energy consumed (20.1%) than does industry (19%).consumed (20.1%) than does industry (19%).)
- Simple wooden bike trolley - hand tools only - back wheel attachment + (Here, we collect materials before adapting … Here, we collect materials before adapting the plan to what we find. At the local charity store, I found a bunch of single bed slates and a wooden board - 9€ I talked with someone who fixes second-hand bikes and sold me 2 kid front wheels - 5€ For hardware, we used whatever we had at home and headed to the hardware store to complete our set - spent around 13€ore to complete our set - spent around 13€)
- Thermosyphon Solar Water Heater + (Our system has no pumping system. The wate … Our system has no pumping system. The water circulation is only done thanks to a thermodynamic phenomenon called '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermosiphon thermosiphon]'''.
The principle of the thermosiphon system is that cold water has a higher density than hot water because it is more compact. It is therefore heavier and sinking. However, all systems tend towards a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. There is a movement called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_heat_transfer thermal convection] to mix hot and cold water.
For this reason, the solar collector is always mounted underneath the water storage tank, so that the cold water from the tank reaches the collector via a downhill water pipe. When the water in the collector heats up, the hot water rises naturally, pushed up by the cold water and returns to the tank. The cycle tank -> water pipe -> collector heats the water until it reaches an equilibrium temperature. The consumer can then use the hot water from the top of the tank.
e the hot water from the top of the tank. <br/>) - A wood-saving oven + (Place the 10 cm diameter pipe between the hole left in the arch and the roof, so it's tight)
- Improved Stove - Patsari Model + (The dimensions may be adapted.)
- Semi-removable Mass Stove + (There are a number of items that are neede … There are a number of items that are needed to build this stove, which can either be bought from new or salvaged. * The drums are easy to obtain, apart from the 120 litre ones, which are rare... and it can cost 50€ (excluding taxes) to buy one of this size from new. * The stove pipes, which form the fire pit, are very easy to salvage and will be considerably more expensive if bought from new. NB 1: the 2 pipes that are used for the (fixed) ash tray and the (removable) feed pipe must have a male fitting at one of their ends to accommodate the stopper. NB 2: A rigorous approach must be adopted when producing the exhaust system, using pipes which are compatible with one another. It is important to avoid leaks (condensates as well as smoke) and also the risk of fire . * Concrete can be made up of sand and fire cement but this will not be as durable as using chamotte concrete/fire cement. Chamotte consists of ground-up fire brick and must contain 25 to 40% alumina. To contact manufacturers of fire bricks, see list in the annex.Grain size of 0 to 10 mm grade is ideal, but 0 to 5 mm can also be used. AVOID making concrete with ordinary cement or ‘black’ cement (unlike fire cement, it does not contain alumina) * Vermiculite: mixed with cement acts to insulate the bottom of the container. You can find this in builder's merchants and garden centres mostly under the names of “Vermex” or “Effiperl” (NB the latter also contains perlite and is a French brand) * Ceramic glass: this is specialist glass which does not expand when exposed to heat and is resistant to thermal shocks of up to 800°C ! You can buy it in the shops (for about €400 to €600 per m²) but you can also salvage it from old inserts, electric hobs, oven doors (inner glass only, otherwise it is likely to have little resistance to heat). Do not use ordinary glass ! To test salvaged glass, stand on a flat surface and put the glass onto a gas camping stove. If it resists the heat, then that is a good sign. The final thing to do for the ‘crash test’ is pour a glass of cold water over it. If there is no reaction, then it is specialist glass. Do not put it on the grass in case it breaks. In this image, you will find the average supply costs for the different models. Taking the drum and the smoke exhaust out of the equation, the pipework will be a major part of the budget.pework will be a major part of the budget.)
Français
English
Deutsch
Español
Italiano
Português