Cette page fournit une simple interface de navigation pour trouver des entités décrites par une propriété et une valeur nommée. D’autres interfaces de recherche disponibles comprennent la page recherche de propriété, et le constructeur de requêtes ask.

Liste de résultats

• Ash and animal fat soap  + (The grease must first be cleaned of all impurities. To do this, it is heated until it is well melted. The impurities are deposited by settling at the bottom. As it cools, the pure fat forms a solid crust on top.)

• Bruleur à paraffine  + ( # prendre de la cellulose pure (papier to … # prendre de la cellulose pure (papier toilette, essuie tout) # la conformer selon le type et l'intensité recherchée dans un moule, et selon le bloc de paraffine à bruler (pas de bloc si c'est un simple allume feu). # la mouiller pour cela # laisser sécher # imbiber de paraffine fondue ; puis laisser sécher # associer à un bloc de paraffine er sécher # associer à un bloc de paraffine )
• Dominik - module électronique central  + (<nowiki>''Dans cette étape, nous ver … ''Dans cette étape, nous verrons pas à pas comment écrire et ajouter un article sur le site, grâce aux modèles templates. Ce guide prends pour exemple la publication d'article sur notre site, tu n'auras probablement pas le même site donc pas le même code !''
  
  === HTML, c'est quoi ? ===
  HTML (HyperText Markup Language) c'est un language utilisé pour créer des pages web. Il permet d'indiquer à un navigateur (Chrome, firefox, etc.). Ce que l'on souhaite qu'il affiche. Par exemple, pour écrire
  
  
  J'ai trouvé des infos intéressantes sur le Kosovo, regarde c'est ici : [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo Kosovo].
  
  
  On écrit
  

  HEY !

  
  

  J'ai trouvé des infos intéressantes sur le Kosovo, regarde c'est ici : Kosovo.

  
  
  Les balises

  permettent ici d'indiquer un titre de niveau.

  indique un paragraphe et permet de créer un lien. À chaque fois, il faut fermer la balise, avec une balise similaire avec un / comme

  .
  
  Une fois qu'on a écrit tout notre code dans un fichier texte dans un éditeur de texte normal ou dans notepad++ ou Sublime Texte (pour avoir des balises colorées, c'est plus joli et pratique), on l'enregistre en '''NomDuFichier.html''' , et on l'ouvre depuis n'importe quel navigateur.
  
  Derrière chaque site il y a ce code html. On utilise aussi des fichiers écrit en .css, un langage assez proche créé uniquement pour mettre en forme et rendre joli ton site html. Enfin, beaucoup de gens utilisent des scripts javascript, qui s'exécutent au lancement de la page, mais on a décidé de ne pas en utiliser : cela complexifie les sites et les rend moins sobres selon nous.
  
  Plein de tutoriel plus ou moins complet sont disponibles sur internet pour apprendre rapidement :
  
  * Les [https://developer.mozilla.org/fr/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/HTML_basics bases de html] et les[https://developer.mozilla.org/fr/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/CSS_basics bases de css], pour apprendre juste l'essentiel
  * Un cours assez complet sur [https://openclassrooms.com/fr/courses/1603881-creez-votre-site-web-avec-html5-et-css3 OpenClassroom]
  
  Il existe aussi des générateur de site statiques comme Pelican, mais c'est un peu technique à prendre en main.
  
  === Des templates tout fait ===
  Pour te simplifier la vie, on a créé des templates (des modèles prêts à remplir) de site tout prêt. Tu peux les retrouver dans l'espace de stockage.
  
  Grâce à eux, pas besoin de comprendre html en détail, tu as juste à copier les fichiers, les ouvrir avec un éditeur de texte et copier les ensembles de balises en commentaires (ceux entre ces balises ) et remplacer les textes en majuscules par ce que tu veux.
  
  Dans ces templates, il te suffit de mettre les bonnes infos au bon endroit !
  
  * Ouvre d’un coté le fichier code'' index.html ''dans un éditeur de code html (notepad++), et ouvre le meme fichier dans un navigateur internet (chrome, firefox).
  * Cherche par exemple le titre du document (main title) dans le code et remplace le. Il doit être entre des balises

  Main Title

  
  
  Puis remplace ce que tu veux !
  
  Quelques indices pour trouver ce que tu cherches :
  
  * Les '''titres''' sont entre des balises

  Titre

  le numéro peut varier en fonction de la taille du titre.
  * Les '''paragraphes''' de textes sont entre les balises

  ….

  
  * Les '''images''' sont entre les balises
  ** src="images/IMG_6045.jpg" indique le chemin et le nom de l’image. Ici, PAR RAPPORT à la page où se trouve la page, l’image est dans le dossier images.
  ** Pour indiquer un chemin qui part du dossier supérieur à celui dans lequel est ta page, tu peux écrire « '''..'''/nomdelimage.png »
  * Les '''liens''' :
  ** Crowdfunding → Ici href permet de préciser l’emplacement de la page de notre site que l’on veut mettre en lien sur la page d’accueil. « Crowdfunding » c’est le texte qui va s’afficher.
  ** Tripalium → Ici on fait un lien vers un site.
  * Les '''listes''' :
  **
  • Point 1
  • Point 2
  • Point 3
  
  
  '''Le fichier CSS'''
  
  On va pas trop trop s’attarder dessus, mais tu remarqueras peut-être qu’il y a des fichier ''layout.css'' et ''framework.css.'' Ces fichiers, c’est les fichiers du '''~''' '''style''' ~.
  
  html c’est la structure et le fond du site, css c'est un langage qui sert à pimper ton site. En soit, tu peux mettre des couleurs, changer les tailles des images, changer les polices directement dans les fichiers html mais le fichier css permet de centraliser ces changement. Par exemple pour tout notre site lowtechnumerique.mooo.com, on utilise qu’une seule feuille de style css.
  
  C’est vraiement pas très compliqué, en gros tu dis à quoi tu veux appliquer un changement et quels paramètres tu change, puis quel valeurs. Genre :
  img{
max-width:100%; ← la taille maximale de l’image ne doit pas dépasser celle de l’écran

height:auto; ← la hauteur est reglée automatiquement en face de la classe

border: 1px solid grey; ← on ajoute une bordure grise d’un pixel

}
  Bref, celui des templates est vachement fournit donc pas facile à changer, mais tu peux essayer quand même ! Et si tu réécris ton site de A à Z, en vrai c’est plus simple et il sera peut-être moins énorme.
  
  === Bonnes pratiques quand on créé un site ===
  
  * Limiter la taille du site :
  ** Limiter la quantité et la taille des vidéos, des sons, et des images.
  ** Limiter le contenu inutiles, fichiers, etc
  * Eviter d’utiliser des scripts (javascript) et du contenu dynamique (certe ca permet d’avoir des sites super stylé et internet, mais ça fait plusieurs connexion au lieu d’une seule, donc ça multiplie le trafique internet
  * Eviter les cookies, les pubs, les services tiers et services d’analyse.Tu peux retrouver plus de détail dans le guide dédier
  Si tu as réalisé ces manipulations sur des copies des fichiers html de ton site sur ton ordinateur, il faut maintenant mettre à jour les fichiers html de ton site sur ton serveur, grâce à la partie ''Remplacer la page par défaut par son site ou le mettre à jour'' du guide ''Installation d'un serveur local sur smartphone''s services tiers et services d’analyse.Tu peux retrouver plus de détail dans le guide dédier<br />Si tu as réalisé ces manipulations sur des copies des fichiers html de ton site sur ton ordinateur, il faut maintenant mettre à jour les fichiers html de ton site sur ton serveur, grâce à la partie ''Remplacer la page par défaut par son site ou le mettre à jour'' du guide ''Installation d'un serveur local sur smartphone''</nowiki>)
• Dry Toilets For Family  + ( * Cut a wood rectangle of 4,8*14,6 in and 1,2 thick * Sand and deburr if required Notes : This pillar helps to get back when a user sit. )
• Bokashi “Kitchen compost”  + ( * Drill numerous holes at the bottom of the compost bucket with the 3mm bit. )
• Bio-sand filter for drinking water  + ( * Grind slightly the inside of the PVC pl … * Grind slightly the inside of the PVC plug (using sandpaper) and the outside of one end of the PVC pipe. Stick them together using PVC glue. * Drill a hole of the bends diameter in the flexible pipe, 75cm from the bottom of the PVC. Connection between pipe and bend will have to be perfectly sealed. * Drill many holes in the cover (it has to be a plastic cap). '''Remark''' : It it recommended that the cover is perfectly adapted to the tube and that is can also be used as "sieve", so that added water would fall slowly on the sand without disturbing the biological layer. nd without disturbing the biological layer. )
• Spirulina-growing pond  + (For ergonomics, it is necessary to adjust … For ergonomics, it is necessary to adjust the height of the basin to the worker's size. The basin is 30 centimeters high. In our case the bottom of the basin is one meter above the ground. When calculating the height of the legs, the thickness of the low and high frames must also be taken into account. * Make 4 legs with half-rafters, * Place the corner legs aligned with the corners of the bottom frame, * Install four central legs, of a single half-rafter, facing each stiffener of the low frame, * Place a bracket about 30 cm between each center leg and its bottom frame stiffener, four in total.its bottom frame stiffener, four in total.)
• Spirulina farming  + ( * Screw a white plastic cap at the end of a ruler or a plastic or wooden rod of about 20 centimeters, * Scale the stem from 0 to about ten centimeters, with the 0 at the level of the cap. )
• Recycling shower  + ( * Using the hole saws, install the plug i … * Using the hole saws, install the plug in the bottom of the tank and the overflow system at the maximum height of the tank. * Install the wall passageway on the lowest level of the tank * Perform a leak test * Connect the outlet of the plug/overfill to the sewer system * Remove the drain from the shower tray * Install the reserve under the shower tray by aligning the hole in the shower tray with the drain in the reserve. (it is interesting to leave the reserve accessible from one side for maintenance) * In order to be able to open or close the plug from the shower tray, adapt a rod, accessible by hand from the hole in the tray "Note: The tank is to be installed under the shower tray. According to the availability of each one: * Either, take down the actual shower tray, raise him with a structure and install the tank behind (This option can need works more or less important) * Or, use the actual shower tray to support the tank and install a second tray (From second-hand if possible) above, all thanks to a supporting structure above, all thanks to a supporting structure )
• Ceramic water filter  + (Clay: L'argile constitue le matériau de b … Clay: L'argile constitue le matériau de base de l'élément filtrant de l'eau. Un pot d'argile permet un mouvement extrêmement lent de l'eau à travers les pores naturels qui existent entre les plaquettes d'argile cuite. La taille de ces pores a été mesurée (au microscope électronique) entre 0,6 et 3,0 microns (μm). Ils sont capables d'éliminer la plupart des bactéries, protozoaires et helminthes (Lantagne, 2001a), ainsi que la saleté ou les sédiments et la matière organique. L'argile utilisé pour faire de la poterie classique peut convenir à la production de filtres à eau. Toutefois, la conductivité hydraulique et la taille des pores peuvent varier considérablement selon le type d'argile, potentiellement au point de ne pas convenir en ce qui concerne les débits et/ou l'élimination microbiologique (Oyanedel-Craver et Smith, 2008, in Lantagne et al, 2010, [[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20162486/ 1]]). Une forte teneur en sable ou en limon dans l'argile peut réduire les réticulations de l'argile et affaiblir la structure du filtre . D'autre part, une argile trop raffinée (particules plus petites) a une plus grande capacité de rétention d'eau et est donc plus sujette au rétrécissement et à la fissuration lors de la cuisson.
  Comme les caractéristiques de l'argile sont un facteur critique dans le succès ou l'échec de la production de filtres à eau en céramique, il est recommandé d'étudier minutieusement les sources et les types d'argile potentiels avant d'engager des ressources importantes. Retrouvez le document de Potters for Peace détaillant le protocole de test de l'argile dans la partie "Note de Références" [18]
  *'''Le matériau combustible :''' Des matières organiques " combustibles ", telles que de la '''sciure de bois''' ou des '''balles de riz moulues''', sont ajoutées au mélange d'argile. Lorsqu'il est exposé aux températures élevées du four, le "matériau combustible" brûle, laissant derrière lui des cavités dans l'argile cuite. L'eau se déplace plus facilement dans les cavités que dans les pores de l'argile. Par conséquent, la présence des cavités diminue la distance que l'eau doit parcourir à travers le substrat d'argile, et augmente donc le débit global du filtre.
  Il est important d'effectuer des tests avec vos matériaux. Le rapport entre l'argile et le matériau combustible est important pour établir le débit et donc l'efficacité des filtres.
  *'''L'argent colloïdal''' : L'argent colloïdal est une solution de nanoparticules d'argent en suspension et d'ions argent. Il est utilisé comme désinfectant naturel dans la médecine depuis de nombreuses années. Bien que les mécanismes exactes de destruction des bactéries ne soit pas encore tout à fait compris, il semble que l'argent colloïdal cause une rupture des parois cellulaires des bactéries puis se lie à leur protéines troublant ainsi leur fonctionnement [[https://www.hwts.info/document/8bda3e01/investigation-of-the-potters-for-peace-colloidal-silver-impregnated-ceramic-filter-report-1-intrinsi 2]] [[https://www.hwts.info/research/1245c13a/protozoa-and-virus-disinfection-by-silver-and-copper-embedded-ceramic-tablets-for-water-purification 3]]. Aujourd'hui il est principalement produit par électrolyse. L'argent appliqué à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du filtre est absorbé dans les pores de l'argile. Les ions d'argent sont réduits en argent élémentaire et forment des colloïdes à l'intérieur des parois du filtre. L'argent agit comme un biocide contre les bactéries lorsqu'il y a un temps de contact suffisant (=pores pas trop grand).arois du filtre. L'argent agit comme un biocide contre les bactéries lorsqu'il y a un temps de contact suffisant (=pores pas trop grand).)
• The Norwegian Kettle (Hay Box)  + ('''Note''': The small box must be at least … '''Note''': The small box must be at least 1 cm higher than the cooking pot and at least 4 cm wider or longer 1) Using either a wood saw or a jig saw cut the wooden planks using the measurements taken previously 2) Assemble the wooden planks using nails and a hammer '''Planks for the small box''' - 2 planks (1 cm taller than the cooking pot) x (4 cm longer than the cooking pot) -2 planks (1 cm taller than the cooking pot) x (4 cm wider than the cooking pot) - 1 or several planks (4 cm wider than the pot) x (4cm longer than the pot) than the pot) x (4cm longer than the pot))
• The organic filter  + (1) The earthworm composter 2) The organic filter 3) The organic filter reservoir (Container and Pump))
• Lacto-Fermented Preserves  + (Le Kimchi est une recette coréenne traditi … Le Kimchi est une recette coréenne traditionnelle. Elle est basée sur la lactofermentation du choux et d'épices. * 2 kg de chou chinois * 2 poireaux * 1/2 navet long * 3 gousses d’ail hachées * 2 cuillerées à café de gingembre frais râpé fin * 1 ou 2 cuillerée à café de sauce de poisson (optionnel) * 1 cuillerée à soupe de piment rouge haché * 1 cuillerée à soupe de sésame grillé * 1 cuillère à soupe de sucre * 100 à 160g de gros sel # Coupez le chou en lamelles dans le sens de la longueur et mettez-le dans un saladier rempli d’eau tiède salée. Saupoudrez le chou de gros sel (à mettre entre chaque feuille). Laissez reposer et dégorger pendant une nuit. # Le lendemain, rincez les lamelles de chou à l’eau et égouttez-les. Dans un autre saladier: Coupez le navet et les poireaux en fines lamelles d’environ 5 cm # Mélangez les ingrédients pour faire la pâte d’épices : gingembre,piment rouge, ail,sucre et sauce de poisson. Il faut tout éplucher ou râper afin de faire la pâte. Étalez cette pâte entre les feuilles de chou. Déposez les morceaux de chou dans un grand récipient. Saupoudrez avec un peu de sésame grillé. # Placez un couvercle ou une assiette sur le récipient, ou fermez-le hermétiquement. Il faut maintenant attendre 4 à 5 jours pour que le kimchi fermente. Il est à consommer dans les jours suivants l'ouverture du pot et peut se conserver environ trois semaines au frigo.conserver environ trois semaines au frigo.)
• Collective laundry practice  + (<u>The individual reflection:</u& … The individual reflection: Take a pen and a paper, and try to answer to these questions. The goal is to define the habits and needs of each laundry practice. ''1. How often do you do the laundry?'' ''2. Do you sort your clothes?'' ''3. If yes, how?'' ''4. Which machine programs do you use?'' ''5. What do you like about your practice?'' ''6. What would you change in your practice?  ''our practice?'' ''6. What would you change in your practice?  '')
• Domestic biodigestor  + (The entry of the system will be the biodig … The entry of the system will be the biodigestor mouth. The installation will first be done to verify dimensions of the system, and then will be dissasembled and definitively glued. * Put a PVC pipe in one of the digestor openings, without putting it too much inside (this would reduce matter circulation). * Create a 90° angle using two 45° bends. On small diameter tubes, it is better to have smooth angles, as a direct 90° angle would get stuck more easily. * Build the "mouth" with large diameter pipes. The larger the mouth is, the easier it will be to feed the digestor. A first fermentation process happens in the mouth. An unscrewable lid closes the mouth. * Link the mouth to the digestor, placing it higher than the digestor, so that matter can circulate in the system with gravity. can circulate in the system with gravity.)
• Solar water heater  + (Refrigerators are numerous in waste collec … Refrigerators are numerous in waste collection centres, it is necessary to identify those which have the adequate grids (see Preface - Grid) and of the largest possible dimension. Pinching the pipes at the outlet of the compressor will limit the exhaust of refrigerant gases. Cut the pipes as close as possible to the compressor to ensure maximum length with the grid. Unscrew the grid. Wash the grid with soapy water. Blow a blower into the pipes to remove impurities. Seal the pipes with tape to prevent impurities from getting into them, as they may have a small diameter and become obstructed.ve a small diameter and become obstructed.)
• Plastic bottle cutter  + (Drill two holes in the board. In these two … Drill two holes in the board. In these two holes are bolted bolts, around which are inserted washers. A cutter blade is disposed between the washers. With this device, we can cut plastic bottles to transform them into yarn of adjustable thickness (the thickness of the yarn is modified with the height of the cutter blade). On the system used here, the dimensions are slightly different. The manufacturing remains exactly the same, but the dimensions given in this tutorial are optimized compared to those shown in the photos.zed compared to those shown in the photos.)
• Worm Compost Bins  + (Drill with drill bit to make the hole for the valve tap and fit the stainless ball or butterfly valvetap (1/2” inch or 3/4” inch) with hydraulic fittings. The tap should be approximately 5-10cm from the bottom of the barrel.)
• Plastic pyrolyzer  + (For this test, plastic waste is mostly polypropylene.)
• Thrifty and stand-alone water point  + (Gather 3 transversal battens from the wooden box (1 short / 2 long) et use them to make a T-shaped lever (around 25cm - 10 inch long). Attach those 3 pieces with some glue.)
• Micro gasifier stove  + (1 - On the bottom of the box (2), mark the … 1 - On the bottom of the box (2), mark the location of about fifteen holes distributed over the entire surface. In the upper part of the box (2), mark the location of about ten holes, evenly distributed around the can. 2 - Then drill at the marked locations with a 7 mm drill bit (or with the hammer and nail).m drill bit (or with the hammer and nail).)
• Crème à récurer à base de cendre  + (La tamiser fin (passoire type chinois, ou … La tamiser fin (passoire type chinois, ou tamis inox 36cm avec pattes, option grand luxe à 20 euros) dans la cuvette. S'arrêter quand les particules noires commencent à passer. Temps typique : 3-4 minutes pour récupérer ~100g de belle cendre bien blanche en un unique tamisage relaxant). Donc 12 minutes pour 3 fournées, et 13 minutes en temps cumulé pour le reste des opérations.temps cumulé pour le reste des opérations.)
• Aliments fermentés - kéfir de laits végétaux et fromages vegan  + (Les laits végétaux ne sont pas des laits a … Les laits végétaux ne sont pas des laits animaux et donc ne sont pas adaptés à la consommation par de jeunes enfants pour remplacer le lait maternel ou les laitages pendant leur forte croissance. '''Les laits végétaux peuvent être intéressants car ils ne contiennent pas de lactose, de cholestérol, de caséine ou de gluten (selon les graines pour le gluten) et qu’ils peuvent facilement être préparés à la maison, avec une empreinte écologique bien plus faible que le lait animal.''' Certaines graines nécessitent d’être trempées et rincées avant d’en faire du lait, cette étape est importante car permet l’élimination de certains toxines et antinutriments (éléments bloquant l’absorption de certains nutriments), ne pas chercher à consommer cette eau de trempage ! Il n'est pas nécessaire de travailler dans un champ stérile lorsqu'il s'agit de fermentation mais il est crucial d'être le plus propre possible. Travaillez sur un plan de travail nettoyé (si besoin/possible aseptisé au vinaigre blanc ou à l'alcool). Utilisez des ustensiles et récipients propres, lavés à l'eau chaude (ou passés au lave-vaisselle), manipulez avec des mains propres et essuyez-les avec un torchon PROPRE... bien entendu. Pour la réalisations de produits laitiers au kéfir je vous invite à consulter les tutoriels suivants afin de mieux comprendre comment le kéfir de lait et d'eau agissent : * Pour le fonctionnement de base des kéfirs d'eau et de lait : [[Boissons fermentées - Kéfir, kombucha et vinaigres]] * Pour l'utilisation du kéfir de lait dans des produits laitiers animaux : [[Aliments fermentés - produits laitiers animaux maison]]son]])
• Bio-Coal  + (Provide us with you remarks, ideas, experiences [http://lowtechlab.wikifab.org/index.php/Discussion:Bio_Charbon '''here'''] to help us improve this lowtech!)
• Desert fridge  + (The Zeer Pot is: 2 terracotta (or clay) p … The Zeer Pot is: 2 terracotta (or clay) pottery interwoven with a layer of moist sand of about 4 cm between the two. The inner jar contains food to keep cool. The sand allows the refrigeration of the system. The outer pot contains it all. The water contained in the sand needs energy to be transformed into steam, this is the principle of evaporation. In this case, the heat contained in the internal pot will supply this energy and allow the water to evaporate. This thermal reaction lowers the internal pot temperature and keeps the food cool.l pot temperature and keeps the food cool.)
• Black Soldier Fly breeding  + (The breeding environment can be made with … The breeding environment can be made with various materials. For the prototype of the boat for example, we built a wooden box in which we put a plastic bin containing the waste and larvae (See photo). For example, you can use a plastic drum cut on top, or a simple plastic box. '''For the construction:''' '''1. Preparation of the boards''' *Using an electric or hand saw, cut the 6 boards to the right lengths *Sand the boards *Apply an undercoat on all sides of the boards and allow to dry *Apply a coat of wood paint and let it dry *Apply a coat of varnish (optional) and let it dry '''2. Assembly of the box''' *Using the angles and screws, assemble the boards on the bottom of the box *Using angles and screws, connect the different sides of the box *Cut out cleats to strengthen the inside of the box and attach the lid to it. *Using screws, fix the cleats on the upper part of the walls *Prepare the cover by installing hinges. *Install the cover on the box and fix the hinges '''3. Preparation of the waste box''' If the sides of your waste bin are not very high, it may be useful to put an additional barrier against larvae escape *Pass an old used inner tube all around your tray and leave a part coming out towards the inside *Staple the inner tube to the tray *Place the tray at the bottom of the box and stick it against one side '''4. Preparation of the slope''' *Cut the board in the shape of a trapezoid so that it forms a ramp when placed on the waste and joins the edge of the box at an angle of less than 45 degrees *Cut cleats to fit the external shapes of the ramp *Secure them with screws on the ramp '''5. Installation of the ramp ''' To facilitate maintenance, we put the ramp on a hinge to be able to lift it up and easily remove the bin from the waste *Install a hinge on the lower part of the ramp *Attach the hinge to the box '''6. Cutting of the holes on the box''' In order to allow the entry of flies and the exit of larvae, holes must be drilled on the sides of the box. For larvaes: *Measure the location where the ramp arrives and count 2cm high for the opening *Using a drill, make holes at the 4 ends of your opening *Using a saw, connect these holes to create an opening For the flies *On the sides of the box, drill with a hole saw about ten openings of 5cm in diameter '''7. Placing of the larvae collection box''' *Using screws, fix the plastic box under the larvae exit slot
  Make sure that the ramp is firmly fixed against the wall so that the larvae cannot fall back into the tank. If necessary, staple a bracket from the ramp to the collection box
  '''8. Laying supports (if no separate aviary)''' *Cut out pieces of cardboard boxes that are 10cm by 5cm thick. *Assemble 4 pieces with string *Attach two screws to the cleats at both ends of the box *Hang a string on these screws *Hang the egg-laying supports on the string so that they are as close as possible to the waste '''The general recommendations for the design of the living environment are :''' - Size your waste bin according to your weekly volume. Indeed, it is not necessary to have a too thick layer of substrate so it is better to be able to spread out your waste rather than stack it. - Drill holes so that female flies can come and lay eggs inside. - Place the egg-laying supports above the waste, as close as possible. These can be made of honeycomb cardboard or wooden planks separated by a pin (a gap must be left in which the flies will lay their eggs). During hatching, the larvae will fall directly into the waste. - Have a well sealed waste box to prevent larvae from escaping in case of lack of food. - Put a ramp for the exit of the larvae. It can be inclined up to 45 degrees but prefer a softer slope. As larvae tend to follow the edges of the box to find the exit, it may be good if the ramp is the full width of the box. - Avoid the ventilation holes on top to protect the substrate as much as possible from rain.
  Do not bring water into contact with eggs, they would burst!
  On the pictures, you can see the plans of the system we had validated and that works on the boat. The fly inlet/outlet holes on the top have been plugged and the aviary attached to the cover has been changed to a separate aviary, see below. works on the boat. The fly inlet/outlet holes on the top have been plugged and the aviary attached to the cover has been changed to a separate aviary, see below.)
• Coco soap  + (The first step is to extract the coconut o … The first step is to extract the coconut oil from ripe coconut (brown nuts). Here is the procedure: * Open the coconut * Scrape the pulp with a scraper if you do not have a mixer-blender. If you own a blender you can detach the pulp from the shell roughly and mix everything. * Put the resulting coconut crumbs in a container, cover with hot water and mix well. If you use a blender you can directly cover with hot water and mix. * Place a clean towel over a second container and filter the resulting coconut milk. press the cloth tightly to obtain as much filtrate as possible. * Place the coconut milk obtained in a plastic bottle and allow to settle until two distinct phases are obtained. We find the coconut cream above and the water below. Drill a small hole in the bottom of the bottle to let the water escape and plug the hole to keep the cream. * Pour the cream into a pan and cook over medium heat, stirring. Burnished cream and translucent oil is extracted. This step can take several tens of minutes. * Filter the extracted coconut oil.nutes. * Filter the extracted coconut oil.)
• Hydroponics  + (In order to gain in autonomy, it is possib … In order to gain in autonomy, it is possible to install a timer system thanks to a programmable electrical socket or an arduino allowing to program the starting of the pump and the bubbler. * Indeed, for a better development of the plants, it is advisable to proceed to a regular watering alternated with dry breaks. This water stress will strengthen the roots. For this purpose, we recommend that the pump be switched on for 30 minutes every 2 hours during the day. No watering at night. * The biofilter needs to be aerated regularly for good growth and survival of bacteria. '''We recommend lighting the bubbler for 1 minute every 5 minutes, 24 hours a day.''' '''Arduino control system: ''' [[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]]
  [[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]] <br/>)
• Biodiesel  + (Before it can be converted, the used oil m … Before it can be converted, the used oil must be filtered first in order to remove any possible food residues (fries, doughnuts...). We recommend you let the oil settle for a few days. An initial filtration must be carried out to get rid of the biggest particles (e.g.: with a double cotton sheet or a sock...). Then pour the oil into a 5µm maximum filter bag (the finer the better) above the clean canister, prepared beforehand.e the clean canister, prepared beforehand.)
• Micro-gasifier Cooking Stove  + (- Put tin can (2) into the large tin can (1) as shown in the diagram. - Place tin can (3) on top of the two other tin cans which have been nested one inside the other. - The pyrolytic stove is now ready for you to use !)
• Solar water heater  + (The creation of the chamber is very easy : … The creation of the chamber is very easy : cut the bottom of the bottle in a way that you could slot them together (picture). The more complicated step is to slot at the base of your pile two bottle in the opposite direction, in a way that the edge of the chamber are neck. /!\ Wait before sealing with the adhesive tape !it before sealing with the adhesive tape !)
• Solar lamp with reused lithium cells  + (This tutorial shows how to recover compute … This tutorial shows how to recover computer cells to make a new battery. Powered by a solar panel, or by a USB port, it will allow you to light an LED lamp. The system works around three modules: * the energy reception module: the solar panel and its charge controller * the energy storage module: the battery * the module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator '''Energy Receiving Module: Photovoltaic Panel & Charge Controller''' The photovoltaic panel concentrates the energy of the sun. It allows to recover its energy in order to store it in the battery. But be careful, the amount of energy received by the panel is irregular depending on the time of day, the weather... it is important to install a charge/discharge regulator between the panel and the battery. This will be protected against overload, among other things. '''Energy storage module: the battery''' It is composed of two lithium cells recovered from a computer. To put it in a nutshell, a battery is a bit like a box containing several batteries: each of them is a cell, a unit that supplies power to the device by electrochemical reaction. The cells found in computers are lithium cells. They all have the same capacity to store energy, but their ability to make it is different for each. To form a battery from cells it is important that they all have the same ability to deliver energy. It is therefore necessary to measure the capacity of each cell to compose homogeneous batteries. '''Module that renders the energy: the LED lamp, the 5V USB port and its voltage converter''' Our battery supplies us with 3.7V power and the LED lamps we used operate at the same voltage. In addition, the USB ports provide a voltage of 5V. We therefore need to transform the cell energy from 3.7V to 5V: using a voltage converter called DC/DC booster3.7V to 5V: using a voltage converter called DC/DC booster)
• Batteries recovery  + (This tutorial shows how to recover the bat … This tutorial shows how to recover the battery cells from a computer in order to create a new battery. Powered by a solar panel or by a USB port, it will allow you to light a LED lamp. The system works around three modules: * the energy reception module: the solar panel and its charge controller * the energy storage module: the battery * the module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator '''Energy Receiving Module: Photovoltaic Panel & Charge Controller''' The photovoltaic panel concentrates the energy of the sun. It allows to recover its energy in order to store it in the battery. But be careful, the amount of energy received by the panel is irregular depending on the time of day, the weather... It is important to install a charge/discharge regulator between the panel and the battery to protect it against overload, among other things. '''Energy storage module: the battery''' It is made of two lithium cells recovered from a computer. To put it in a nutshell, a battery is a bit like a box containing several batteries: each of them is a cell, a unit that supplies power to the device by electrochemical reaction. The cells found in computers are lithium cells. They all have the same capacity to store energy, but their capacity to deliver it is different for each. To make a battery from cells it is important that they all have the same capacity to deliver energy. It is therefore necessary to measure the capacity of each cell to compose homogeneous batteries. '''The module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator''' Our batterie delivers a 3.7V current and our LED lamps work with 12V. So we need to transform the cell's energy from 3.7V to 12V : thanks to the voltage regulator called DC/DC booster. A small screw on this module allows to regulate voltage. You can set it to 12V - or another voltage according to your LED's characteristics.r another voltage according to your LED's characteristics.)
• Savon de cendre et de graisse animale  + ( * Faire fondre la graisse dans le fut en métal ; * Y verser la lessive de cendre ; * Porter le tout à ébullition pour accélérer la réaction, mélanger pour éviter le débordement. )
• Savon de cendre et de graisse animale  + ( * Faire fondre la graisse dans le fut en métal ; * Y verser la lessive de cendre ; * Porter le tout à ébullition pour accélérer la réaction, mélanger pour éviter le débordement. )
• Phyto-Purification of Wastewater  + ( * Install a manhole at the top of the fil … * Install a manhole at the top of the filter as an inlet for the polluted wastewater. * Inside the manhole, install a 3-way valve to distribute the water between the two beds. * Install a manhole at the bottom of the filter that collects the drained water. the filter that collects the drained water. )
• Fertilisants et répulsifs naturels  + (Cette préparation est nécessaire pour la ' … Cette préparation est nécessaire pour la ''préparation de microorganismes liquides'', elle-même utilisée dans chacune des recettes de fertilisant et répulsif. '''Recette - proportions à respecter :''' * 1 seau de terre de la montagne, forêt ou campagne, riche en microorganismes. Il faut prélever des microorganismes présents localement, dans la montagne ou forêt alentour, car on sait que ceux-ci se sont adaptés aux conditions environnementales du milieu - autrement dit, rien ne sert d'acheter ou d'importer de la terre soi-disant riche en microorganismes car nous ne serons pas sûr qu'ils survivront et s'adapteront à notre environnement. * ½ seau de mélasse, milieu nutritif pour les micro-organismes * ½ seau d'écorce de riz Ajouter de l'eau jusqu'à obtenir 40% d'humidité → faire le test du poing : prendre une poignée de mélange et la presser. Le mélange doit prendre la forme du poing sans ruisseler d'eau. Laisser fermenter pendant 1 mois au minimum à l'ombre dans un bidon fermé hermétiquement. On peut ajouter de “vieux” microorganismes d'une préparation antérieure pour accélérer le processus. La préparation peut se conserver pendant 1 à 2 ans.ation peut se conserver pendant 1 à 2 ans.)
• Fertilisants et répulsifs naturels  + (Cette préparation est nécessaire pour la ' … Cette préparation est nécessaire pour la ''préparation de microorganismes liquides'', elle-même utilisée dans chacune des recettes de fertilisant et répulsif. '''Recette - proportions à respecter :''' * 1 seau de terre de la montagne, forêt ou campagne, riche en microorganismes. Il faut prélever des microorganismes présents localement, dans la montagne ou forêt alentour, car on sait que ceux-ci se sont adaptés aux conditions environnementales du milieu - autrement dit, rien ne sert d'acheter ou d'importer de la terre soi-disant riche en microorganismes car nous ne serons pas sûr qu'ils survivront et s'adapteront à notre environnement. * ½ seau de mélasse, milieu nutritif pour les micro-organismes * ½ seau d'écorce de riz Ajouter de l'eau jusqu'à obtenir 40% d'humidité → faire le test du poing : prendre une poignée de mélange et la presser. Le mélange doit prendre la forme du poing sans ruisseler d'eau. Laisser fermenter pendant 1 mois au minimum à l'ombre dans un bidon fermé hermétiquement. On peut ajouter de “vieux” microorganismes d'une préparation antérieure pour accélérer le processus. La préparation peut se conserver pendant 1 à 2 ans.ation peut se conserver pendant 1 à 2 ans.)
• 200W Wind Turbine  + ( * Choose a plank of dimension minimum 95m … * Choose a plank of dimension minimum 95mm x 35mm '''Notes''': 1) The wood should be imputrescible, light-weighted and easy to work with. For example, red cedar, Oregon pine, spruce, larch, douglas fir may be suitable. 2) For this tutorial, the section of the red cedar plank is 150mm x 45mm. 3) The parameter which determines the energy transmitted by the wind at the propeller is the length of the blade and not it’s breadth. *With the help of the blade pattern, '''lower side visible''', mark the location for the first blade. '''Notes''': 1) Put the knots and defects of the wood at the end of the blade, so that the thinnest part does not become fragile (middle-end of the blade). 2) Select the leading edge ridge as neatly as possible. This ridge will not be altered during the cutting of the blade. 3) Extend the blade tip pattern by 4-5 cm to maintain a margin in case of damage. * Do the same for the 2 other blades and cut the blades. '''Note''': When using a circular saw for cutting, be careful to place the width of the blade always on the outside of the line. * Rectify the left of the blades if necessary with the help of a plane. * Fix the 3 blades together with the help of the clamps and equalize all the irregular planes. All the 3 blades needs to be strictly identical. * Mark the position of the leading edge ridge for it to stay where it is. It will be its landmark. stay where it is. It will be its landmark. )
• Biofilter  + ('''1)''' Connect the pump to the hose. '' … '''1)''' Connect the pump to the hose. '''2)''' Place it right at the back of the second 60L container. '''3)''' Pour 15 to 20L of water into the container. '''Caution: '''In order to retain the cascading effect from the biofilter, the liquid in the container should not exceed the 40L level. To avoid damage to the pump through turning it on without water, do not fill under the 10L level.ut water, do not fill under the 10L level.)
• Solar air heater  + (Detailed plans and CAO have been realised … Detailed plans and CAO have been realised by [https://www.enerlog.fr/ Enerlog]. They are available in open-source here : https://cloud.ecutsa.fr/index.php/s/apRoi395xdQb52T#pdfviewer Those plans have been used for the first version built during a workshop. They are shared here in order to respond to one of the objective of Enerlog: to support the reappropriation of the knowledge by the citizens by sharing knowledge and promote its transmission.ng knowledge and promote its transmission.)
• Worm Compost Bins  + (Drill with drill bit to make the hole for the valve tap and fit the stainless ball or butterfly valvetap (1/2” inch or 3/4” inch) with hydraulic fittings. The tap should be approximately 5-10cm from the bottom of the barrel.)
• Solar desalinator  + (For this model, the chosen floor area is 1 … For this model, the chosen floor area is 110 cm horizontal by 66 cm vertical. The wooden battens used have a section of 44 mm by 22 mm. The thickness of the frame is 44 mm. The frame is assembled with screws. At about 10 centimeters from the bottom of the frame, a cleat is added, as can be seen in the picture. It makes it possible to stiffen the frame, to stretch the sheet and to separate the freshwater and seawater parts (no risk of salt contamination).ter parts (no risk of salt contamination).)
• Energy use in households  + (In France, buildings account for 45% of th … In France, buildings account for 45% of the total energy consumed, followed by transportation (33%), industry (19%), and agriculture (3%). Two-thirds of the energy consumption in this category comes from housing and one-third from service sector buildings. Within the home, in 2013, 67% of consumed energy went toward heating the home, 10.4% toward heating water, and 6% toward cooking. The remaining 16.6% was used for lighting, household appliances, office equipment, and hi-fi, all of which is grouped under the term “specific energy”. The 16,000 kWh consumed by each household costs just over €1,700 per year. In France, residential heating accounts for a larger portion of the total energy consumed (20.1%) than does industry (19%).consumed (20.1%) than does industry (19%).)
• Desert fridge - light version  + (Making (or finding) a cylindrical bag allowing the introduction of the container surrounded by 5 centimetres of sand under it and around it. Providing a slide and enough fabric height to be able to close the bag around the container.)
• Stand-Alone Adjustable Sink  + ('''Materials''' *Clear tubing 16/12mm (12 … '''Materials''' *Clear tubing 16/12mm (120cm + 20cm) *Clear tubing 12/10mm (40cm) *Plastic reducing adapter 12/10mm *Foot pump *Swivel spout tap
  ...To avoid dealing with multiple suppliers, we got the majority of the specialized materials concerning the sink on the site www.mon-camping-car.com We didn't find exactly everything we needed there. The foot pump is 12mm and the tap is 10mm, so we had to use two types of clear tubing and an adapter to get the right dimensions for the tap
  '''Directions''' #Connect the clean water bucket to the foot pump. Attach the 16/12 (1.2 meters) tube to the nozzle of the clean water bucket. Then, connect the 16/12 tube to the foot pump (The nozzle on the right when viewed from the bottom (water intake)). #Connect the foot pump to the swivel spout tap. Link the 16/12 (20cm) tube from the foot pump to the adapter and then to the 10/12 (40cm) clear tube which goes toward the swivel spout tap.he adapter and then to the 10/12 (40cm) clear tube which goes toward the swivel spout tap.)
• Thermosyphon Solar Water Heater  + (Our system has no pumping system. The wate … Our system has no pumping system. The water circulation is only done thanks to a thermodynamic phenomenon called '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermosiphon thermosiphon]'''. The principle of the thermosiphon system is that cold water has a higher density than hot water because it is more compact. It is therefore heavier and sinking. However, all systems tend towards a state of thermodynamic equilibrium. There is a movement called [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convective_heat_transfer thermal convection] to mix hot and cold water. For this reason, the solar collector is always mounted underneath the water storage tank, so that the cold water from the tank reaches the collector via a downhill water pipe. When the water in the collector heats up, the hot water rises naturally, pushed up by the cold water and returns to the tank. The cycle tank -> water pipe -> collector heats the water until it reaches an equilibrium temperature. The consumer can then use the hot water from the top of the tank.
  e the hot water from the top of the tank. <br/>)
• Pasteurización de frutas y verduras  + ( *Pele y lave cuidadosamente las frutas y … *Pele y lave cuidadosamente las frutas y verduras para pasteurizarlas. *Ponga las frutas y verduras al fuego, ya sea en una receta de su elección (como pisto, compota, puré de frutas o verduras, frutas en almíbar, etc.) o directamente en trozos en agua. *Dejar calentar ctamente en trozos en agua. *Dejar calentar )
• A wood-saving oven  + (Place the 10 cm diameter pipe between the hole left in the arch and the roof, so it's tight)
• Ash and animal fat soap  + (A soap is normally composed of a fatty aci … A soap is normally composed of a fatty acid (here animal fat) and a basic agent (high pH) such as soda or potash (here made from ash). These two compounds create a saponification reaction that creates soap. The Chemical Process Saponification is the reaction of a fatty substance with hydroxide ions (provided by an alkali such as potash or soda) to give a carboxylate ion (soap) and glycerol (also called glycerin). Soaps are therefore mixtures of carboxylate ions and metal cations (sodium or potassium ions). The carboxylate ion is a surface-active agent that lowers the surface tension of water: it is a detergent. It ensures washing thanks to 4 qualities : The wetting power: soapy water can penetrate the small interstices of the surface in contact (cloth, skin, table, plate...) more effectively than water ; Emulsifying power: the carboxylate ions agglutinate around the dirt and penetrate between it and the surface in contact until they isolate the dirt from this surface. They form micelles containing small particles of dirt. Carboxylate ions have a lipophilic end and are therefore particularly effective against fatty substances; The dispersing power: due to the properties of the carboxylate ions and the structure of the micelles, they repel each other and are therefore dispersed in soapy water; Foaming power: a film of carboxylate ions is formed on the surface of water with low surface tension. By agitating the soapy water, air bubbles can then be trapped. The foam does not intervene as such in the washing but is an indicator of the surface tension of the liquid and thus of its detergent power.he liquid and thus of its detergent power.)
• Tent heating stove  + (Take the pipe diameter 20cm and cut it. 20Cm high. Cut a small opening 5x5cm at the bottom of the pipe. Cut a piece of metal sheet, same shape of the pipe, you can mark it before cutting. . Weld it at the bottom of your stove, same side of your opening.)
• Manual Pump (vertical)  + (The aim of this step is to check the equip … The aim of this step is to check the equipment is in order without gluing the components together. Slot the components together as per the following diagram: You can even check if it is working or not. For best results: the areas circled in blue must be as short as possible.cled in blue must be as short as possible.)
• Improved Stove - Patsari Model  + (The dimensions may be adapted.)
• Light bottle cutter  + (The piece of wood used in this tutorial is 22 x 2 x 2 cm. You can use one a bit larger but you do not need to use a longer one.)
• Semi-removable Mass Stove  + (There are a number of items that are neede … There are a number of items that are needed to build this stove, which can either be bought from new or salvaged. * The drums are easy to obtain, apart from the 120 litre ones, which are rare... and it can cost 50€ (excluding taxes) to buy one of this size from new. * The stove pipes, which form the fire pit, are very easy to salvage and will be considerably more expensive if bought from new. NB 1: the 2 pipes that are used for the (fixed) ash tray and the (removable) feed pipe must have a male fitting at one of their ends to accommodate the stopper. NB 2: A rigorous approach must be adopted when producing the exhaust system, using pipes which are compatible with one another. It is important to avoid leaks (condensates as well as smoke) and also the risk of fire . * Concrete can be made up of sand and fire cement but this will not be as durable as using chamotte concrete/fire cement. Chamotte consists of ground-up fire brick and must contain 25 to 40% alumina. To contact manufacturers of fire bricks, see list in the annex.Grain size of 0 to 10 mm grade is ideal, but 0 to 5 mm can also be used. AVOID making concrete with ordinary cement or ‘black’ cement (unlike fire cement, it does not contain alumina) * Vermiculite: mixed with cement acts to insulate the bottom of the container. You can find this in builder's merchants and garden centres mostly under the names of “Vermex” or “Effiperl” (NB the latter also contains perlite and is a French brand) * Ceramic glass: this is specialist glass which does not expand when exposed to heat and is resistant to thermal shocks of up to 800°C ! You can buy it in the shops (for about €400 to €600 per m²) but you can also salvage it from old inserts, electric hobs, oven doors (inner glass only, otherwise it is likely to have little resistance to heat). Do not use ordinary glass ! To test salvaged glass, stand on a flat surface and put the glass onto a gas camping stove. If it resists the heat, then that is a good sign. The final thing to do for the ‘crash test’ is pour a glass of cold water over it. If there is no reaction, then it is specialist glass. Do not put it on the grass in case it breaks. In this image, you will find the average supply costs for the different models. Taking the drum and the smoke exhaust out of the equation, the pipework will be a major part of the budget.pework will be a major part of the budget.)
• Jerry DIT - ordinateur fabriqué avec des composants de réemploi  + (Vous aurez besoin : Papier + Ciseaux + Sco … Vous aurez besoin : Papier + Ciseaux + Scotch + Stylo Définir l'emplacement de chaque composant. Repérer la taille du plus grand composant et marquer la ligne de découpe du couvercle. Rappelez vous que '''2 marques''' valent mieux qu'une ;)
  Les parois des jerrycans sont souvent arrondies et laissent moins de place pour les composants à l'intérieur. Pensez que les cables occupent également de l'espace.
  
  rieur. Pensez que les cables occupent également de l'espace.</div> </div><br/>)
• Jerry DIT - ordinateur fabriqué avec des composants de réemploi  + (Vous aurez besoin : Papier + Ciseaux + Sco … Vous aurez besoin : Papier + Ciseaux + Scotch + Stylo Définir l'emplacement de chaque composant. Repérer la taille du plus grand composant et marquer la ligne de découpe du couvercle. Rappelez vous que '''2 marques''' valent mieux qu'une ;)
  Les parois des jerrycans sont souvent arrondies et laissent moins de place pour les composants à l'intérieur. Pensez que les cables occupent également de l'espace.
  
  rieur. Pensez que les cables occupent également de l'espace.</div> </div><br/>)
• Manual pump (vertical)  + (Without sticking the pieces together, the purpose of this step is to check the material. Nest the elements as shown in the following diagram: You can even test the operation. To optimize : areas surrounded in blue should be as short as possible.)
• Functioning, maintenance and regeneration of lead-acid batteries  + ('''Equipment''': Choose your battery caref … '''Equipment''': Choose your battery carefully according to the intended use.
  Never mix new and used batteries.
  Never mix batteries of different technologies.
  Correctly and solidly install the wiring of your battery bank to avoid fires.
  Regularly check the connectors if they are subject to vibrations.
  *'''Detection and Prevention of Deep Discharge''': Battery life is directly related to DoD or depth of discharge. It is, therefore, very important to prevent any discharge over 50% !'''
  **How to know the level of charge (SoC)? ***Simply measuring the voltage does not suffice as several factors affect the battery voltage. ***A [https://www.victronenergy.fr/battery-monitors battery monitor] must be used. It calculates not only the voltage but also the charge and discharge currents, which allows the state of charge to be calculated in real time. **How to avoid deep discharges? ***The idea is to control the level of charge (SoC) and to disconnect the consumption loads as soon as they fall below a certain level. ***Use a battery protector/[https://www.victronenergy.fr/battery_protect/battery-protect Battery Protect] or a configurable solar charge regulator, for direct current (DC) equipment. ***Use the dry contact relay (voltage-free relay) of your battery monitor if it is equipped with one. ***Set the low battery voltage threshold on your inverter for alternating current (AC) equipment (read the instructions carefully). *'''Pay attention to the temperature: ''': This factor has a very important influence on the life of the batteries. It is very important to keep the batteries at “cool” temperatures, around 20°C. **Technical roome : Always choose the coolest room or location. Never leave batteries exposed to direct sunlight. If the place is still too hot, one should consider cooling ventilation of the room or the battery container. **Aeration and ventilation : Always keep space between the batteries (about 5 cm), do not put them against each other. If the batteries are inside a battery box or in a cabinet, there must be air circulation. **Temperature compensation: When the temperature exceeds 30°C or is lower than 10°C for a long time, it is necessary to change the charging voltage.
  Battery not in use – Self-discharge: When a battery is not in use, it slowly discharges. This phenomenon depends on the type of battery and the temperature. o An unused open battery must be recharged every four months at room temperature (between 10-25°C). o An unused open battery must be kept permanently charged in temperatures below 0°C. o Sealed batteries can be left for up to 6 to 8 months without recharging at ambient temperature. o When a system containing batteries (RV, car, etc.) is not used for a long period, disconnect the batteries to avoid leakage currents.
  *'''Correct charging voltages''': Never recharge the batteries with a voltage higher than that recommended in the manufacturer's data sheet. Use a charger with at least 3 charge stages (Bulk, Absorption, Float).
  *'''Correct charge/discharge current''': '''It is recommended '''never to charge or recharge''' lead batteries at '''more than 0.2C''', i.e. 20% of the capacity of the battery bank (ex: 20A for a battery bank of 100Ah).
  When sizing a photovoltaic installation, make sure that the maximum output current is less than 20% of the battery capacity. Let: Imax (A) = Pmax (W) / Ubat (V) < 0.2C
  
  
  
  ing a photovoltaic installation, make sure that the maximum output current is less than 20% of the battery capacity. Let: Imax (A) = Pmax (W) / Ubat (V) < 0.2C</div> </div> <br/> <br/> <br/>)