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Liste de résultats
- Bike tire belt + (In this DIY, we will explain how to creat a belt made from an old bike tire.)
- Biofilter + ("Worm Composting" Worm composting works b … "Worm Composting" Worm composting works by breaking down organic waste using earthworms (notably Eisenia Fetida) which mimics the process performed by living organisms in the surface layer of the soil. Food waste (vegetable peelings, scraps of food, even animal carcasses, faeces etc.) is a source of nourishment which is eaten and digested by micro-organisms (bacteria and fungi) and earthworms in the worm compost.This process of digestion promotes mineralisation of waste products, converting them into simple elements (azote, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron , trace elements etc.) which can then be absorbed by plants, giving them essential nutrients for their growth and development The end-products of this process are leachate (or ‘brown liquid’ from compost) and ‘worm tea’ from humus. Leachate (brown liquid) is rich in nutrients, beneficial micro-organisms and organic molecules yet to be broken down and is made up of liquid earthworm faeces, moisture from compost and fresh plant matter which has fallen from above. Humus (a dark, lumpy substance that feels moist to touch) contains essential minerals for plants, humic acid (the molecule which stimulates their metabolism and root growth) and decomposers in the form of beneficial micro-organisms. It effectively acts as a larder as it stores nutrients to which plants have a progressive and continuous supply. The Biofilter The way this works is that decomposers effectively finish off the process of “digesting” chemical compounds which are then readily and directly accessible to the plant. In healthy soil, this is a continuous process. The liquid which comes from out of the biofilter contains beneficial micro-organisms and elements which can be easily absorbed by plants. The benefits of this process taking place in a biofilter is that it prevents the plant roots from rotting and resulting in decay or deficiencies. An aerobic process takes place in the biofilter i.e. in the presence of oxygen. The biofilter uses an active flow of liquid (water + organic matter) which acts as an ‘oxygenating fountain’ by cascading onto beds which are made of microporous and aerated material such as volcanic rock, pumice stone or expanded clay balls and beds made of aerated materials high in cellulose such as straw, dried grass, dried reeds etc. suitable for the growth of fungi. Why combine worm compost with and a biofilter? The Leachate (or brown liquid) that is collected after composting is a substance that has not entirely been broken down. Adding a biofilter to the worm compost allows completion of the process which produces the different nutrients needed by the plant . You then end up with a “fertiliser” which can be used even on an inert substrate (as with soil-less cultivation or hydroponics) which in turn brings beneficial micro-organisms into the system. Humus can be harvested either by hand-sorting or waiting until the earthworms have migrated. It then can be used to enrich soil or potting substrates. This system works by the earthworms building their colony in the upper section (approximately in the first 15 centimetres) with the humus that has been produced remaining in the lower section and the leachate draining into the biofilter which then becomes enriched with nutrients as it passes through the humus. This type of worm composter is mostly used for collecting leachate. Uses: There are varying scales of worm composting: from large scale operations for spreading on crops to making it on much smaller, domestic scale e.g. for making fertiliser for personal use to grow plants either with or without soil. The real benefits can be seen both in isolated areas where there is farming activity or even in urban areas where crops are grown out of the soil (e.g. on rooftops) a virtuous feeding cycle can be established by combining the processes of recycling organic waste with producing fertiliser for plants. In this tutorial, you will learn ways in which can make your own worm compost (approximately 50L for each of the biofilter and worm composting systems). There are, of course, alternative ways it can be made using different ratios and other materials, but this one is thought to be the one which can be achieved successfully by most people and can be adapted to suit local conditions.d can be adapted to suit local conditions.)
- Garde-Manger: Pantry Storage + ('''A Quick Survey of the Food Waste Situat … '''A Quick Survey of the Food Waste Situation'''
Worldwide, 1/3 of total food production is thrown away.
In France, this constitutes 10 billion kilograms (22 billion pounds) of food waste each year. The carbon impact of this is equivalent to 5 times the country's domestic air traffic per year.
The analysis of food waste shows that 33% happens on the last link of the chain: the consumer.
The losses amount to a global cost of 160€ ($189 USD)/year per person.
Quantitatively, fruits and vegetables constitute the most substantial losses (50%).
However, animal products (meat, fish, dairy), while representing just 6% of all food waste, represent the most significant financial loss.
'''Causes of Food Waste'''
Analyzing the causes of waste is relevant if we are to design the appropriate solutions to put in place to reduce it:
•Sociological causes: Our pace of living; family structures; the ways of organizing our days and our meals shifting over time. We are more hurried and less attentive, which brings about food waste.
•Cultural causes: Our perceptions of food, our aesthetic criteria, how we supply our food leads to a dismissal of products that are nonetheless consumable.
•Poor knowledge of conserving foods: conserving is not synonymous with making cold--a refrigerator is not made to accommodate all types of food. In addition, confusions arise between terms such as "Use by," "Best-Before," and "Expired by."
•Organizational problems: We lack organization before doing our grocery shopping, to question our needs and to buy the appropriate quantities. Refrigerators and cabinets are equally sources of numerous losses due to storage space that encourages stacking new food in front of older food.
It's important to note that a good number of these causes can be remedied by better practices that anyone can put into place. Technical solutions can support us, mainly by:
•Creating the right environmental conditions for conserving food according to food type
•Promoting better visibility of produce
•Making products more easily accessible.
'''See [https://lowtechlab.org/assets/files/rapport-experimentation-habitat-low-tech-low-tech-lab.pdf this report] for an analysis of the use of this food storage system, as well as 11 other low-tech experiments throughout the project "En Quête d'un Habitat Durable"'''t the project "En Quête d'un Habitat Durable"''') - Face mask for coronavirus - Quick version + (---[Updated on January 21, 2024]--- In Fra … ---[Updated on January 21, 2024]--- In France, following the emergence of a Covid-19 variant and the recommendations of The High Council for Public Health, the minister of health, Olivier Veran, recommends not using artisanal masks (home-made) in public spaces anymore. However, Class 1 masks are sufficient. Here is my face mask for covid times. It's following as much as possible the newest official recommendations. We are in October 2020 as I share this tutorial. Please check the applicable recommendations when you read this tutorial. It's a "3 folds" masks, with some improvements in terms of comfort, aesthetics and I hope practicality. The initial goal was to create a mask with no damage to the skin and which is not tickling the nose like the disposable ones, and of course to follow an eco-friendly approach (salvage and saving). If you want a more customizable mask, check out my other totorial "COMPLETE VERSION". The cost given here is informative as we can use recycled fabric. The indicated time is approximate, depending on your dexterity, the tools used (machine or not), the desire to take your time or to do it fast, etc. Fabric choice: Regularly check Afnor recommendations (French organisation): [https://masques-barrieres.afnor.org/ https://masques-barrieres.afnor.org] and recommended materials: https://www.ifth.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/base-de-donnees-matieres-resultats-dga-maj-28042020.pdfes-matieres-resultats-dga-maj-28042020.pdf)
- Recycling shower + (<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Thi … This shower prototype have been realized with Jonathan Benabed, auto-constructor o f his tiny-houseCe prototype de douche a été réalisé avec Jonathan Benabed, autoconstructeur de sa tiny house. This system is largely inspired by the recycling shower project of [https://showerloop.org/ Jason Selvarajan]."A few figures: * 40% of the water consumption of a French household comes from the use of the shower. This represents 60 to 80L of water per shower. * A shower head has a flow rate of about 15L/min if no water saving device is installed. * A French person spends an average of 10 minutes in the shower to wash, most of which is spent "enjoying" the hot water, waking up, etc. "The recycling shower:*40% de la consommation d'eau d'un ménage français provient de l'usage de la douche. Ce qui représente 60 à 80L d'eau par douche. *Un pommeau de douche a un débit d'environ 15L/min si aucun dispositif d'économie d'eau n'est installé. *Un français passe en moyenne 10 minutes dans la cabine de douche pour se laver, dont une majeure partie pour "profiter" de l'eau chaude, se reveiller, etc. '''La douche à recyclage:''' The objective of this shower prototype is to divide by 7 the water consumption of a shower without impacting the comfort of the user who want to stay under hot water for a while. The shower is currently in the test phase in order to know its real environmental and economic impact. Indeed, depending on the purchase of new or second-hand equipment, the realization of this shower can very quickly become too expensive for real profitability (not to mention the ecological cost of new equipment). In our case, we bought a maximum of second-hand equipment for a total cost of 150€. According to the [http://showerloopcalculator.zici.fr/ ShowerloopCalculator], this type of recycling shower is cost effective in less than a year of operation for a 4-person home. The pictures presented come from a demonstration prototype, without housing integration for a better visibility of the system. However, it's relatively simple to adapt to a classic shower. Great care must be taken to ensure that the connections are watertight. '''Principle of operation:''' The principle of the recycling shower is to be able to fill a water tank of about 10L located under the shower tray. When the user use the water from the shower to relax and enjoy, he can operate a valve to shut off the water supply to pump, filtrate, reheat and supply the shower head with water of the tank. Estimates suggest a 7-fold reduction in the consumption of a conventional shower. Any contribution that simplifies the system is welcome. '''Sanitary Aspect:''' The system permit a 20 microns water filtration then an activated carbon filtration to remove the last particles and smells However, filters are not designed to eliminate potential bacteria. It's possible to add a UV lamp ensuring the elimination of potential pathogens. By comparing the use of the shower to a bath where user stay in his water, we have made the choice not to install UV lamp in view of the cost. We have not yet conducted a health test to determine whether or not such a lamp is useful.d a health test to determine whether or not such a lamp is useful.)
- Linogravure + (===<u>Tuto impression des t-shirts&l … ===Tuto impression des t-shirts===
'''Instructions en français''':
====Dans ce tutoriel, nous allons expliquer comment imprimer des mots sur vos matières textiles ou feuilles de papiers grâce à la technique de la '''linogravure'''. Nous allons donc tailler un alphabet en bois puis nous imprimerons le mot désiré avec de la peinture sur le support choisi.====
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===Tutorial T-shirt printing===
'''Instructions in english''':
====During this tutorial, we are going to explain how to print words on your clothes or your paper sheets using the '''lino printing''' technique. We will make a wooden alphabet, to then print any word with painting on the choosen surface.====
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=== '''برنامج تعليمي لطباعة القمصان''' ===
==== '''في هذا البرنامج التعليمي ، سنشرح كيفية طباعة الكلمات على مواد النسيج أو الأوراق باستخدام تقنية لينوكوت. لذلك سنقوم بنحت أبجدية خشبية ثم نقوم بطباعة الكلمة المرغوبة بالطلاء على الدعامة المختارة.''' ====
==== '''
''' ====
ة خشبية ثم نقوم بطباعة الكلمة المرغوبة بالطلاء على الدعامة المختارة.''' ==== ==== ''' ''' ==== <br/>) - Linogravure + (===<u>Tuto impression des t-shirts&l … ===Tuto impression des t-shirts===
'''Instructions en français''':
====Dans ce tutoriel, nous allons expliquer comment imprimer des mots sur vos matières textiles ou feuilles de papiers grâce à la technique de la '''linogravure'''. Nous allons donc tailler un alphabet en bois puis nous imprimerons le mot désiré avec de la peinture sur le support choisi.====
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
===Tutorial T-shirt printing===
'''Instructions in english''':
====During this tutorial, we are going to explain how to print words on your clothes or your paper sheets using the '''lino printing''' technique. We will make a wooden alphabet, to then print any word with painting on the choosen surface.====
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=== '''برنامج تعليمي لطباعة القمصان''' ===
==== '''في هذا البرنامج التعليمي ، سنشرح كيفية طباعة الكلمات على مواد النسيج أو الأوراق باستخدام تقنية لينوكوت. لذلك سنقوم بنحت أبجدية خشبية ثم نقوم بطباعة الكلمة المرغوبة بالطلاء على الدعامة المختارة.''' ====
==== '''
''' ====
ة خشبية ثم نقوم بطباعة الكلمة المرغوبة بالطلاء على الدعامة المختارة.''' ==== ==== ''' ''' ==== <br/>) - Linocut + (===<u>Tutorial T-shirt printing</ … ===Tutorial T-shirt printing===
'''Instructions in French''':====During this tutorial, we are going to explain how to print words on your clothes or your paper sheets using the '''lino printing technique'''. We will make a wooden alphabet, to then print any word with painting on the choosen surface.==== __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ===Tutorial T-shirt printing=== '''Instructions in english''': ====During this tutorial, we are going to explain how to print words on your clothes or your paper sheets using the '''lino printing''' technique. We will make a wooden alphabet, to then print any word with painting on the choosen surface.==== __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ === '''برنامج تعليمي لطباعة القمصان''' === ==== '''في هذا البرنامج التعليمي ، سنشرح كيفية طباعة الكلمات على مواد النسيج أو الأوراق باستخدام تقنية لينوكوت. لذلك سنقوم بنحت أبجدية خشبية ثم نقوم بطباعة الكلمة المرغوبة بالطلاء على الدعامة المختارة.''' ==== ==== ''' ''' ====
ة خشبية ثم نقوم بطباعة الكلمة المرغوبة بالطلاء على الدعامة المختارة.''' ==== ==== ''' ''' ==== <br/>) - Ram pump + (====History of the ram pump====
The hydra … ====History of the ram pump====
The hydraulic ram system was invented in 1797 by Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, the man who built the first hot air balloon in 1782 with his brother, Jacques-Étienne. He was immediately criticized by his contemporaries who associated him with the theories of perpetual movement, which were considered heresies at the time.
It was not until 1857 that a patent was filed by Ernest Sylvain Bollée, which improved and made Montgolfier's invention a reality.
Since then, it has been widely used in the French and European countryside, and is now established in America and Africa in regions where fuel supplies are difficult or expensive.
====What is the purpose of a ram pump?==== The hydraulic ram pump is a water elevation system whose operation depends solely on the driving force of the water, without any other external intervention. In concrete terms, this makes possible to pump water from a source (river, lake, stream) and use it higher to irrigate crops, water livestock or for any other domestic use. The ram pump has several advantages: *It is relatively inexpensive *It operates fully automatically, without electricity, over a long period of time, some rams have been operating for several decades *It requires no lubrication, no maintenance other than cleanliness care *Repairs are infrequent, only necessary due to the inevitable wear and tear of moving parts *It can be adapted to almost any size to suit the desired flow rates and heights size to suit the desired flow rates and heights) - Ash detergent + (Ah laundry detergent, those famous adverts … Ah laundry detergent, those famous adverts and the very smelly detergent dispenser! It can sometimes be a headache to find the detergent that's right for you (suitable for your clothes/sensitive skin, perfumed but not too much, with ingredients that aren't too allergenic or bad for the environment...). The problem is that the ingredients listed on detergents and cleaning products are very limited: you'll often find "contains ionic and anionic agents", but it's hard to find anything more vague than that! Especially as commercial detergents are often expensive, and organic or ecological detergents are no more transparent about their composition (even if some claim to contain 100% natural or plant-based detergents). In any case, buying commercial detergents means producing a lot of waste, especially if you use plastic bottles, tablets or cans. In this tutorial, I'll show you a quick, easy and economical way to make your own 100% biodegradable washing powder!
'''Advantages''': Single-ingredient, can be made without heating, natural fertiliser, no odour and doesn't obstruct drains, free because you can use a "waste product" from wood fires. Unlimited conservation thanks to the basic pH.
.
'''Disadvantages''': not suitable for delicate laundry, tends to make white laundry dull in the long term (can be made up with percarbonate), for the garden be careful because pH basic.
The large majority of detergents used are based on products containing sodium as the active agent, which once released into the environment is not only alkalinising (increases the pH) but also salinising in the long term. One of the great advantages of ash detergents is that the active ingredient is potash (the ionic form of potassium, the K in the famous N-P-K tryptic of agricultural fertilisation). Even if the discharge from your washing water continues to be alkalinising, it will fertilise your environment with an element that is often forgotten by gardeners and is harder to provide than nitrogen !
How does it work ? After stirring, the liquid is loaded with potassium salts. In the washing machine, when it comes into contact with the grease on the dirty clothes, this potash is transformed into soap. Basically, the more grease there is, the better it washes !
greases, INCLUDING SKIN SEBUM. It is therefore important to wear gloves when filtering, otherwise your skin will become irritated and very dry !</div> </div><br/>) - Biodiesel + (Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to petro- … Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to petro-sourced diesel. It can be used alone in engines or blended with petro diesel with different concentration levels. This fuel is obtained from vegetable oil or animal fat that is converted by a chemical process named "transesterification". It involves making oil react with an alcohol (methanol or ethanol) and a catalyst (sodium or potassium hydroxide) in order to obtain methyl or ethyl esters (biodiesel) and a by-product called glycerin. Biodiesel can be made in various amounts. The processes described here are suitable for occasional production and small amounts. Because the process requires practice, we recommend you start by making small amounts then gradually go towards a larger scale of production. "Biodiesel has man benefits, making it an interesting fuel alternative:" *It is simple to make yourself. *It can be produced at a low cost * It can be used in any conventional diesel engine. It also allows for better lubrication of the engine. *It contributes to the recycling of organic waste, such as used cooking oil that is widely used in restaurants. *It is made from vegetable oil and therefore releases only a small additional amount of CO2 into the atmosphere. It also reduces the emissions of certain harmful compounds compared to petro-diesel (carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, etc) If you wish to reduce both your consumption and expenses on fossil fuel, there are several options available: *''[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huile_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tale_carburant vegetable oil fuel]'' blended with diesel *''[https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huile_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tale_carburant Vegetable oil fuel]'' with engine modification *'' [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogazole Biodiesel]'' ''Although this tutorial describes the third option, it's important to consider the two other options beforehandThe first step is therefore dedicated to the different considerations to be taken into account before choosing. step is therefore dedicated to the different considerations to be taken into account before choosing.)
- Remorque génératrice solaire - Structure + (Cette remorque est un démonstrateur foncti … Cette remorque est un démonstrateur fonctionnel conçu dans le cadre du projet Scholar Grid. Soutenu et piloté par la [https://www.se.com/fr/fr/about-us/sustainability/foundation/ Fondation Schneider Electric] en partenariat avec les associations [https://lowtechlab.org/fr Low-tech Lab], [http://www.energies-sans-frontieres.org/ Énergies sans Frontières] et [https://www.atelier21.org/ Atelier 21], ce projet a pour ambition d'investiguer des solutions innovantes pour fournir de l’énergie électrique abordable et propre à des centres de formation qui forment de futurs électriciens. Les systèmes énergétiques imaginés par les experts techniques et les professeurs des centres de formation, seront mises en œuvre par des étudiants et serviront de base pédagogique. Les champs d'investigation de ce projet ont été les suivants : *[[Réparation de panneaux solaires - Vitre brisée|La récupération et la réparation de panneaux photovoltaïques endommagés.]] *[[Fonctionnement, entretien et régénération de batteries au plomb|La récupération et la régénération de batteries au plomb d'occasion.]] *Les micro-réseaux en courant continu. Pour tester ces techniques en conditions réelles, le Low-tech Lab a construit une remorque génératrice mobile. D’une puissance de 1kWc, elle combine des panneaux solaires de seconde main réparés et des batteries plomb régénérées. Elle a été conçue sur la base de besoins concrets: fournir l'électricité du [https://lowtechlab.org/fr/festival-2022/le-festival-kesako Festival Low-tech] organisé à Concarneau en juillet 2022. Le générateur solaire que nous avons fabriqué est conçu pour s’adapter à la [https://charrette.bike/pdf/documentation.pdf CHARRETTE] . Une remorque à assistance électrique conçue et réalisée par [https://veloma.org/ Véloma] dont les plans sont disponibles librement. Cette association expérimente des vélos-cargos, des remorques et des outils de basse technologie dans l’optique de l’autonomie et de la transition énergétique. Cette remorque peut être attelée à n’importe quel vélo et peut emporter jusqu’à 300kg de charge. '''Ce tutoriel détaille la construction de la structure de soutien des panneaux photovoltaïques sur la remorque. Le dimensionnement et la construction de la partie électrique est détaillé dans [[Remorque génératrice solaire - Système électrique|ce tutoriel]].''')
- Pellets cooker + (Cooker for community, event or fairground … Cooker for community, event or fairground catering using pellets, wood or certain bulk materials
Because of our geographical location, we use walnut shells to make it work. We still need to do measurements with RCW (large cross-section, otherwise the fire will burn too quickly) and fruit pits (olives, cherries, etc.).
Unlike traditional pellet stoves fed by an endless screw, the pellets are poured into a reservoir and lit from above using a fire starter: this principle requires no electronics or electricity.
The large tank provides 3 hours of autonomy, the small tank 1 hour.
You can build in a 1/1 gastronorm (28L, for cooking inside or as a bain-marie), or place a ceramic hob (plancha or crêpe pan) or a vat (2/1 48L gastronorm, used for pasteurisation, sterilisation and bain-marie) on top.
You can also replace the support plates with a metal garden table into which you fit the fireplace.
After several years in existence, the model presented on this site has evolved into a version without the purchase of materials, as the latter were a hindrance to the creation of this cooker. A [[Multi-fuel cooker|TUTO]] is available to present the new version.
Modifications have been made to this model: the 4cm gastronorm shown in the photos and diagrams below has been replaced by a 15cm gastronorm, bringing the bowl closer to the fire and increasing power.
r to the fire and increasing power. <br/>) - Micro-gasifier Cooking Stove + (Factors relating to cooking remains one of … Factors relating to cooking remains one of the biggest challenges in the areas of health and energy. In many developing countries, the classic three-stone cooking fire is the technology that is most commonly used.This is extremely inefficient (with a thermal yield of 10 to 15% if sheltered from the wind and 5% if exposed) and releases toxic smoke into dwellings.There are two concerns with this: * Energy output is so poor that a large amount of wood is needed to cook one meal. This leads to extensive deforestation in certain parts of the world. * Evidently, this creates certain problems with regards to health: smoke given off causes respiratory problems for people in the community and the reduces their quality of life. A technology that uses the same biomass but has a higher output is: The micro gasifier which is a low-tech and very economical way of cooking and, if well-made, has an output higher than a three stone stove (thermal output of approximately 35%). Output is even higher with the enhanced industrial version (which has a thermal output in the order of 45%) It is possible to make a very basic model out of tin cans, but this will have a limited number of features. However, this can be very useful, for instance, for heating water, cooking small quantities of food and for doing demonstrations/teaching purposes. More complex models do exist which, although more costly, tend to last longer and allow control over the power you can get from the flame.over the power you can get from the flame.)
- Fermented drinks - Homemade sodas + (Fermented food is food that has been trans … Fermented food is food that has been transformed by micro-organisms : bacteria, yeasts, fungi. This process usually happens without oxygen, in a anaerobic environment. Microbes multiply normally in the presence of oxygen. But without it, they struggle and produce molecules to fight rival microbes : alcohol, lactic acid, acetic acid. This leads to several types of fermentation : alcoholic, lactic, acetic, etc. Even if we tend to forget it, a lot of our daily food is actually a product of fermentation : bread, cheese, yogurt, wine, beer... It's a long list. Which is a good thing because they are [https://www.dummies.com/food-drink/cooking/fermenting/10-reasons-to-eat-fermented-foods/ beneficial for your health] ! They make food easier to digest, improve your digestive health, contain vitamins and minerals, boost your immune system...
As Virginie Geres reminds us with her website [https://www.happybiote.fr/ HappyBiote], '''without micro-organisms we'd be dead''' ! Quite simply ! We couldn't function without the billions of bacteria, yeasts and other (non-pathogenic) microbes that line our bodies. They carry out important tasks such as protecting us from aggression from other (pathogenic) microbes, allowing us to eat, to have a distinct smell from other people (and therefore making it easier to fall in love when we're not too dirty), they participate in our immune system... And in each of our cells is a microorganism that we have incorporated over the millennia: the mitochondrion, which enables cellular respiration! Watch this [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbaBOpEtHnE super video] to find out more.
So, not only are microorganisms necessary for our survival, but by providing a wide diversity of them through a healthy and varied diet (in particular with foods rich in fibre -prebiotics- and microorganisms -probiotics-) '''we improve our immune and mental health'''. This is the antithesis of modern Western standards, which literally make people ill, not least because of a weak microbiota. For more information I recommend this [https://boutique.arte.tv/detail/microbiote_les_fabuleux_pouvoirs_du_ventre report] from Arte, or [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brEKIsETGfw this one] a little older on the same theme.
Many good reasons to eat or drink them regularly (careful not to make it your whole meal though !)
Here are several recipes for no-waste fermented drinks, made from natural micro-organisms. Try out the making of these homemade sodas !
More info on fermentation : [https://www.dummies.com/food-drink/cooking/fermenting/10-reasons-to-eat-fermented-foods/] [https://www.heartfoundation.org.nz/about-us/news/blogs/fermented-foods-the-latest-trend]More info on natural fermented drinks : The Wildcrafting Brewer, Pascal Baudar Crew member on the Nomade des Mers and founder of the Food Forest Lab, Claire Mauquié's [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCR9X2kfPpfzvyz0I8xytJSg/ Youtube channel]'s [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCR9X2kfPpfzvyz0I8xytJSg/ Youtube channel])
- Fermented foods - alternatives to animal proteins + (Fermented foods are foods that have been t … Fermented foods are foods that have been transformed by micro-organisms: bacteria, yeasts, mushrooms. This process often takes place without oxygen, in an anaerobic environment. Microbes normally multiply in the presence of oxygen. But when they are deprived of it, they fight back by producing molecules to gain an advantage over competing microbes: alcohol, lactic acid, acetic acid. This gives rise to various types of fermentation: lactic, alcoholic, acetic, etc. Although we sometimes tend to forget it, many everyday foods are in fact fermented: bread, cheese, yoghurt, sauerkraut, sausage, wine, beer... The list goes on. That's a good thing because ''their effects are [https://nicrunicuit.com/sante/10-bonnes-raisons-de-manger-des-aliments-fermentes/ beneficial to health] !''' They aid digestion, help the intestines to function properly, are sources of vitamins and minerals, and boost the immune system... As Virginie Geres reminds us with her website [https://www.happybiote.fr/ HappyBiote], ''without micro-organisms we'd be dead''! Quite simply! We couldn't function without the billions of bacteria, yeasts and other (non-pathogenic) microbes that line our bodies. They carry out important tasks such as protecting us from aggression from other (pathogenic) microbes, allowing us to eat, to have a distinct smell from other people (and therefore making it easier to fall in love when we're not too dirty), they participate in our immune system... And in each of our cells is a microorganism that we have incorporated over the millennia: the mitochondrion, which enables cellular respiration! Watch this [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbaBOpEtHnE super video] to find out more. So, not only are microorganisms necessary for our survival, but by providing a wide diversity of them through a healthy and varied diet (in particular with foods rich in fibre -prebiotics- and microorganisms -probiotics-) ''we improve our immune and mental health''. This is the very opposite of modern occidental standards, which make people literally ill, among other things because of a weak microbiota. For more information I recommend this [https://boutique.arte.tv/detail/microbiote_les_fabuleux_pouvoirs_du_ventre report] from Arte, or [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brEKIsETGfw this one] a little older on the same theme. All good reasons to eat them regularly (but be careful not to eat just that!). Here are several recipes for no-waste fermented drinks, made from natural micro-organisms. Try out the making of these homemade sodas ! '''To find out more about fermentations, I invite you to look at, download and distribute the collection from the 2020 French summit on fermentations, which includes contributions from scientists, chefs and various recipes. You'll find it just below in the "Files" section of the tutorial.''' The recipes proposed here are vegan (i.e. without animal proteins), but anyone can use them in their cooking to diversify their diet and seek out new culinary discoveries! The recipes chosen here aim to give you a visual and taste experience similar to that of dishes containing animal proteins. It's a choice that may make life easier for those around you (if they're non-vegan), but it also raises moral questions (why try to reproduce meat or cheese when it's not?) and often requires more effort than very good plant-based recipes (because the search for similarity is difficult to achieve depending on the raw materials used). Thus, use this tutorial as a toolbox to reproduce vegan foods that imitate meat-based foods, but don't hesitate to quit the pattern of of reproducing "fake" animal proteins.tate to quit the pattern of of reproducing "fake" animal proteins.)
- Fermented drinks - Meads + (Fermented foods are foods that have been t … Fermented foods are foods that have been transformed by micro-organisms: bacteria, yeasts, fungi. This process often takes place without oxygen, in an anaerobic environment. Microbes normally multiply in the presence of oxygen. But when they are deprived of it, they fight back by producing molecules to gain an advantage over competing microbes: alcohol, lactic acid, acetic acid. This gives rise to various types of fermentation: lactic, alcoholic, acetic, etc. Although we sometimes tend to forget it, many everyday foods are in fact fermented: bread, cheese, yoghurt, sauerkraut, saucisson, wine, beer... The list goes on. And that's just as well, because '''their effects are [https://nicrunicuit.com/sante/10-bonnes-raisons-de-manger-des-aliments-fermentes/ beneficial to health] !''' They aid digestion, help the intestines to function properly, are sources of vitamins and minerals, and boost the immune system... As Virginie Geres reminds us with her website [https://www.happybiote.fr/ HappyBiote], ''without micro-organisms we'd be dead''! Quite simply! We couldn't function without the billions of bacteria, yeasts and other (non-pathogenic) microbes that line our bodies. They carry out important tasks such as protecting us from aggression from other (pathogenic) microbes, allowing us to eat, to have a distinct smell from other people (and therefore making it easier to fall in love when we're not too dirty), they participate in our immune system... And in each of our cells is a microorganism that we have incorporated over the millennia: the mitochondrion, which enables cellular respiration! Watch this [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbaBOpEtHnE super video] to find out more. So, not only are microorganisms necessary for our survival, but by providing a wide diversity of them through a healthy and varied diet (in particular with foods rich in fibre -prebiotics- and microorganisms -probiotics-) ''we improve our immune and mental health''. This is the antithesis of modern Western standards, which literally make people ill, not least because of a weak microbiota. For more information I recommend this [https://boutique.arte.tv/detail/microbiote_les_fabuleux_pouvoirs_du_ventre report] from Arte, or [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brEKIsETGfw this one] a little older on the same theme. Many good reasons to eat or drink them regularly (careful not to make it your whole meal though !) Here are several recipes for no-waste fermented drinks, made from natural honey, to try your hand at making these homemade sodas! '''To find out more about fermentations, I invite you to look at, download and distribute the collection from the 2020 French summit on fermentations, which includes contributions from scientists, chefs and various recipes. You'll find it just below in the "Files" section of the tutorial.'''u'll find it just below in the "Files" section of the tutorial.''')
- Extinguisher + (Fires in slums are a recurring problem wit … Fires in slums are a recurring problem with very often devastating consequences. In South Africa, an average of 10 "shacks" fires per day have been recorded each year, causing thousands of families to lose their belongings and housing without any possibility of compensation. The fires, often belatedly detected, spread at high speed in these dwellings made of flammable materials. Prevention maneuvers are of course preferred to the means of reaction, but the populations often lack tools at their disposal to react quickly in case of problem. In South Africa, a conventional fire extinguisher costs around € 10. Because fires are very common, this amount can become very important for a low-income family. This low-tech fire extinguisher is mainly made from recycled materials, and products to buy are common and available for less than one euro. This technology was developed by two South African students from the University of Cape Town. The design is inspired by the work of Kahn and Firfirey (2011). It has been tested and approved in the presence of city firefighters, and is effective against Type A fires (common fuels such as wood or paper) and B (flammable liquids such as petroleum, paraffin or LPG), types of the most recurrent fires in slums. Its implementation on site was unfortunately not developed due to lack of time and resources, and the technology has not yet been taken up by other study groups or organizations, but the tutorial was transmitted by the team Nomade des Mers has different people who have noted its usefulness. Its location in slums requires substantial work but does not pose a major challenge, mainly because it does not conflict with the habits of homes. People may be reluctant to systematically make this low-tech every time a fire is extinguished (very scouring case), models are to imagine and develop for the manufacture and spread easily.lop for the manufacture and spread easily.)
- Ceramic water filter + (In 1990, approximately 2.3 billion people … In 1990, approximately 2.3 billion people do not have access to drinking water in the world (source: UNICEF - UN). Today in 2020, 750,000 people still drink unsanitary water, making it the leading cause of non-age-related death in the world.
====='''Qu'est-ce qu'un filtre à eau céramique ?'''=====
Locally produced ceramics have been used to filter water for hundreds of years. The water is poured into a porous ceramic filter pot and is collected in another container after passing through the ceramic pot. This system also allows for safe storage until the water is used. Ceramic filters are usually made from clay mixed with a combustible material like sawdust or rice husks. Sometimes colloidal silver is added to the clay mixture before firing or it is applied to the fired ceramic pot. Colloidal silver is an antibacterial which helps inctivatae pathogens, while preventing the growth of bacteria in the filter itself.
====='''Comment élimine-t-il la contamination ?'''=====
Pathogens and suspended elements are removed from water by physical processes such as mechanical entrapment and adsorption. Quality control regarding the size of the combustible materials used in the clay mixture ensures that the pore size of the filter is small enough to prevent contaminants from passing through the filter. Colloidal silver facilitates the treatment by breaking the membrane of the cells of pathogens, causing their death.
====='''Historique'''=====
This filter was developed in 1981 by Dr Fernando Mazariegos of the Industrial Research Institute of Central America (ICAITI) in Guatemala. The aim was to make water contaminated with bacteria safe for the poorest by developing an inexpensive filter that could be manufactured at community level. The professor decided to freely bequeath this knowledge to Humanity, and began to train potters around the world to produce these filters locally with the NGO Potters for Peace. There are now 61 factories working with this model in 39 countries around the world!
This tutorial show how the ceramic filter works and outlines the main stages of manufacturing. '''It is aimed mainly at entrepreneurs rather than at individuals.''' Don’t try to create this technology at home (you need an oven, you need to test materials, etc.). If you are interested in setting up a small factory like this, you will need more training. The Potters for Peace organization in partnership with CAWST and the company Ecofiltro (which we visited in Guatemala) offer this kind of training. All this knowledge is freely available in open-source form.
eely available in open-source form. <br/>) - Fog collector + (In Atacama desert, in the North of Chile, … In Atacama desert, in the North of Chile, it is possible to find "clouds oasis". In these oasis, clouds have made it possible for a whole ecosystem to develop! Even where there is no water in the ground, plants manage to catch suspended water particles in the air and survive in the middle of the desert.
Et si nous nous inspirions de ces plantes et récupérions nous aussi l'eau transportée par les nuages ? C'est ce que font les "Attrape Nuages" ou encore “Filets à Nuages” : la maille du filet capture les particules d'eau ; les gouttes coulent le long de la maille, sont récoltées par une gouttière puis acheminées et stockées dans un tank.
En 1998, à Alto Pataches, près d’Iquique, dans le désert d'Atacama, un centre de recherche a été mis en place par l'Université Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile et l'ONG Canadienne FogQuest. Il sert de centre d'investigation pour les professeurs et étudiants, mais également de centre d'éducation et de sensibilisation ouvert au public.
Ce centre d'investigation est isolé du réseau d'eau et d'électricité. Les filets à nuages produisent l'eau nécessaire au fonctionnement du centre, alimenté en énergie grâce à des panneaux solaires. Ici, un mètre carré de filet fournit en moyenne annuelle 8L d'eau par jour. Le centre peut accueillir jusqu'à 15 personnes, et 30 filets à nuages de 4m^2 l'alimentent en eau, soit 64L d'eau/personne/jour. Pour donner un ordre de grandeur : une douche ~ 50L d'eau.
*D'où vient l'idée d'un filet à nuages ? Les scientifiques qui étudient les phénomènes météorologiques utilisent divers instruments de mesure : anémomètre pour le vent, pluviomètre pour les précipitations, et “neblinometre” pour mesurer la quantité d'eau en suspension dans l'air. Un neblinometre standard SFC est un filet d'un mètre carré, installé à 3m du sol. Les chercheurs utilisent tout d'abord les filets à nuages pour effectuer des relevés de mesures, enregistrer des données, afin de connaître l'évolution dans le temps de la répartition de l'eau à la surface du globe, et mettre en place des modèles et simuler les possibles évolutions futures. Le centre d'investigation permet d'étendre la connaissance sur différentes thématiques : climat, végétation en milieu aride. L'intérêt est d'identifier la quantité d'eau présente dans l'atmosphère, la quantité utilisée par les écosystèmes, pour en déduire la quantité disponible pour les communautés. En connaissant le passé, il est possible d'en déduire des scénarii pour l'avenir. A Alto Pataches, les filets à nuages sont utilisés essentiellement pour la recherche et l'éducation, mais servent également de modèle d'autonomie en eau en zone désertique. Dans différents endroits du monde, les filets servent directement à la population locale, comme au Guatemala , au Népal ou au Pérou où les filets à nuages fournissent de l'eau douce ou encore à Chañaral au Chili où ils alimentent des plants de tomates et d'Aloe Vera ainsi que des bassins de pisciculture en eau douce. *Où installer les filets à nuages ? Dans un endroit où il y a des nuages (évidemment) mais aussi du vent, afin que celui-ci apporte les particules d'eau à travers la maille. Il conviendra de placer les filets en hauteur où le vent est suffisamment puissant et surtout, en amont des habitations. L'eau n'aura plus qu'à descendre le long des tuyaux et aucune énergie ne sera nécessaire pour la transporter. La gravité fait le travail ! (d'où l'idée de stocker l'eau en hauteur dans une maison autonome en eau cf [[Système hydraulique global d'une habitation|http://lowtechlab.org/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_hydraulique_global_d%27une_habitation]]) Il est important de dimensionner correctement l'installation, en fonction de la quantité d'eau nécessaire à la consommation, quand elle sera consommée ainsi que la quantité d'eau qu'on peut récupérer quand. Pour cela, il faut connaître les conditions climatiques locales et d'avoir des données sur de nombreuses années. Il faut mesurer la quantité d'eau qui pourra être récoltée selon les années (sèche ou humide), les mois (saison sèche ou humide) et les heures de la journée afin de dimensionner convenablement le système. À noter que le plus important n'est pas d'installer une grande surface de filets mais assez de volume de stockage pour conserver l'eau au cours de l'année, afin d'assurer une sécurité de l'eau. *Faut-il filtrer l'eau des filets à nuages avant de la boire ? La réponse varie d'un endroit à un autre. Dans le désert d'Atacama, le sable soulevé par le vent se mélange aux gouttes d'eau. On laisse donc l'eau décanter dans les tanks, pour que le sable tombe au fond et récupérer l'eau plus propre au-dessus. On utilise un filtre à poussières pour éliminer les particules de sable restantes. A Atacama, l'eau n'est pas traitée contre les bactéries mais il est possible d'utiliser une pastille de chlore pour la purifier. Il faut bien garder les tanks où l'eau est stockée fermés pour éviter toute contamination. Exposées à la lumière du soleil, des algues peuvent se développer dans les tanks. On peint les tanks en noir afin que le soleil ne passe pas, rendant la photosynthèse des plantes impossible. En partant de zéro, la construction et l'installation prend environ 1 semaine et coûte ~1000$. La maille en nylon résistant aux UV est peu chère et communément utilisée pour l'agriculture. Les câbles en acier galvanisé servant à maintenir la structure constituent le principal poste de dépenses. Pour plus de précisions sur la construction et l'installation des Filets à Nuages, nous vous invitons à acheter le manuel de Fogquest : http://www.fogquest.org/videos-information/fogquest-manual/ D'après le professeur Pablo Osses de l’Instituto de Historia, Geografía y Ciencia Política de Santiago, les précipitations d'eau de pluie diminuent au fil des ans au Chili. Les filets à nuages seraient une des solutions pour faire face au manque d'eau. Le professeur nous en dit plus dans notre interview vidéo !ur nous en dit plus dans notre interview vidéo !) - Balcony planter + (In our desire to reuse waste and create a … In our desire to reuse waste and create a mini kitchen garden, we've put together this tutorial to help other students with the same idea. What's more, as we live in a rainy region, we've chosen to set up this vegetable garden outside to take advantage of rainwater and save on running water.
Today, many students live alone in flats and find it difficult to eat properly. There are many recipes for tasty dishes using herbs and plants, but some students prefer not to use them in order to save money on food. Unfortunately, this takes away from the flavour of the dishes. One solution would be to grow your own herbs, but this can be complicated in a flat, where there is already a lack of space and conditions are not optimal.
In our desire to reuse waste and create a mini flat garden, we set up this tutorial to help other students with the same desire. We created a balcony vegetable garden using recycled bottles and fabric. All the materials are available to every student. Once made, the planter can be hung from the railing of a balcony. There, it can enjoy the sun, but also the rain (in our lovely city of Brest).
This project will show you how to make your own flat planter and give you tips on maintaining and watering the plants.
aintaining and watering the plants. <br/>) - Enhanced cooker + (In the countryside around Sucre, Bolivia, … In the countryside around Sucre, Bolivia, women cook using wood fire. The smoke from the wood consumption leads to cough and lungs diseases. The wood is consumed more rapidly outdoors and, as they do not own any car, the families have to go and get the wood (leña) by foot which could be up to 3 hours away down the mountain. The "enhanced cookers" or "cocinas mejoradas" are located inside, sheltered from rain and wind. They have a chimney which leads the smoke outside, improving health conditions of the women who cook and their family who do not breathe the smoke anymore. These cookers are more efficient and consume wood less rapidly. So, less ways to gather leña are necessary. The association Instituto Politecnico Tomas Katari - IPTK of Sucre works with 14 communities around Pitantora in Bolivia in order to improve Food Safety of families living in rural areas. The association builds enhanced cookers for families but also teaches them to build them. The IPTK's support is sustainable through time thanks to a real knowledge transfer: the families who know how to build cocina mejorada can then help other familles build their own. Advantages: * Cheap because is made using local materials * Health enhancement (smoke is led outside) * Reduction of wood consumption * Gain of time (more efficient cooking, less ways are required to get the wood) Caution : Cooking inside can lead to additional work: it was necessary to add windows to the houses made of Adobe -houses made of earth and straw- so that sun beams can light the room. (Before windows were not necessary as women cooked outside) Disadvantages: The cocina mejorada is only adapted to the pots it was built for. If you change your pots, it should be necessary to adjust the size of the holes which let the heat pass through. If your new pot is smaller, you can try to fix it in the hole using rocks (so that it does not fall) but the cooking will be less efficient as the heat will escape between the rocks. The cocina mejorada can be built within a day but it is previously necessary to let the donkey's dung ferment for 5 days.let the donkey's dung ferment for 5 days.)
- Electrically-assisted bicycle + (In this tutorial we'll explain how to modi … In this tutorial we'll explain how to modify a conventional bike to add electric assistance. This will enable you to negotiate the steepest gradients with ease and ride faster with less effort.
'''Caution!''' The various stages involve a lot of electronics, welding and mechanics. We therefore advise you to read this tutorial carefully and to find out about the various sources provided before starting to build this electrically-assisted bike.
=== Legal notice ===
With the modifications that are going to be made, this bike will comply with European regulations for electrically-assisted bicycles. You can find them [http://www.urban-elec.com/velo-electrique/homologation-et-legislation-des-velos-electriques here].
It boils down to a few key points:
* The assistance must only work up to a speed of 25 km/h (it is possible to pedal faster, but without assistance).
* Motor power must not exceed 250W.
* The assistance must be activated by pedalling.
* When the user stops pedalling, the motor switches off.
* The modification must not affect safety or braking efficiency.
The bike will not be homologated, which will not pose a problem for you with the police, but you will not be insured in the event of an accident.
will not be insured in the event of an accident. <br/>) - Vélo générateur d'électricité + (L’usage du numérique est omniprésent dans … L’usage du numérique est omniprésent dans notre quotidien. Loin d’être verte, la “révolution numérique” représenterait 12 % de la consommation électrique en France (soit 56 TWh). On distingue trois grandes catégories d’équipements : *Les ordinateurs, smartphones, écrans ou autres objets connectés *Les datacenters, qui hébergent les équipements fournissant les services numériques (site web, réseaux sociaux, etc.) *les infrastructures du réseau comme les antennes (3G, 4G, etc.), fibres optiques ou autres composants techniques qui relient les datacenters aux usagers Les services proposés ne sont donc pas “dématérialisés” tels que nous avons l’habitude de le concevoir. De plus, ils sont en constante augmentation. L’enjeu est donc de sensibiliser les usagers sur la représentation physique de cet usage, afin de permettre une meilleure appropriation du sujet. Une sensibilisation aux fondamentaux physiques peuvent en effet favoriser les choix collectifs en accord avec les enjeux sociétaux actuels. Le pédalier est un outil intéressant puisqu’il permet de représenter physiquement la notion de puissance produite instantanément (exprimée en W) et le concept d’énergie (exprimé en Wh). En outre, c’est une solution idéale pour recharger ses appareils et il peut facilement être déployé dans des lieux publics. Il se base en grande partie sur des objets récupérés (vélo, roues rollers, chutes de bois, etc.) mais nécessite néanmoins certaines connaissances en électronique : fonctionnement d’un moteur électrique, transformation de l’énergie mécanique en énergie électrique, seuils de tension, etc. Le design du pédalier représenté ici est brut et s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet pédagogique réalisé par plusieurs groupes de lycéens. Il est librement inspiré du pédalier du [https://www.lowtechmagazine.com/2022/03/how-to-build-bike-generator.html Low-tech Magazine]. L’assemblage peut aisément s’adapter aux besoins d'un public différent.adapter aux besoins d'un public différent.)
- Offgrid photovoltaic installation sizing + (Most photovoltaic domestic installations a … Most photovoltaic domestic installations are today plugged to the grid (erdf/enedis in france), whether on commercial packs called "surplus injection", or "total injection". With old electric meter, it is still possible to "run backwards" the electric meter when the pannels produce (a bit like if your smart electric meter like linky in France was subtracting from your consumption what your pannels produce whatever the time the production happens) Being plugged to the electric grid is very useful because it avoids the need to store the electricity produced. However, wether it be for societal evolution reasons (let allow us the right to dream to other urbanistic models where ecological autonomous sites without needs for infrastructure are encouraged), or for natural constraints reasons, or by choice, we can wish to be network independant, 100% autonomous in electric energy. I have initially made a bit of code for correctly sizing a mobilhome i wanted to make offgrid, and connect a fridge and a freezer (which necessitate a constant power, ie without blackout) The INES already has these tools here: http://ines.solaire.free.fr/pvisole_1.php and here: https://autocalsol.ines-solaire.org/etude/localisation/ However, the hypothesis are 1kWc produces 1kWh in winter for the first link et we only have mean average for the second link. In addition, we do not have possibility to "data-test" the number of days of blackout based on the sizing chosen. This tutorial allows therefore to size by "data-testing", ie with day-to-day winter productions hypothesis, less "meaned", and allows to test the sizing chosen less costly in storage capacity (still expensive in 2024). Considered the number of patents declared in the electricity storage these past 15 years, and considered geopolitical evolutions in the brics, it is likely that we end up with very low elecricity storage costs in the forthcoming years and the optimizing algorithm to fine tune sizing at the lower cost storage will probably be less economically relevant in the years to come. But a storage a very low cost would dramatically challenge the petro dollar system, so we have probably time to see it coming ;) Any way, used batteries produce quite a few waste, and that would still be interesting to have this piece of logic to size more precisely to be in a low tech perspective and avoiding oversizing when it is possible to have seldom blackout episodes. Interactive web demo here: https://vpn.matangi.dev/suneb demo here: https://vpn.matangi.dev/sun)
- Insulated mattress + (NEEDED : With the winter arriving on Le … NEEDED : With the winter arriving on Lesvos island, it was decisive to propose a solution to the cold infiltration inside the tents. In addition to the wooden pallets, this insulated mattress enables to improve insulation from the ground. ACCESSIBILITY : Made from life jackets' foam which can be easily fund here, these mattresses permit to disminish the material pollution on the island. The survival blankets and plastic tarpaulin wraping the mattress, even if not coming from salvage, enable to improve the insulate and waterproof aspects of the mattress against humidity. Facing the emergency of the situation and the time imperative, we could not sew an insulating tarpaulin, which for example could have been made with the inflatable dinghy's fabrick stored on the island .le dinghy's fabrick stored on the island .)
- Ash and animal fat soap + (On the outskirts of Antananarivo, capital … On the outskirts of Antananarivo, capital of Madagascar, the Andralanitra landfill covers some 20 hectares and receives between 350 and 550 tons of waste every day. More than 3000 ragpickers work there daily, sorting, recovering and recycling waste. Among them, two inhabitants of the neighbouring district, Chris and Aimé, launched a few years ago the production of a "Gasy" soap (made in Madagascar) based on organic waste recovered from the landfill and animal fat. They have created a small business around the sale of their soap, and after a few years of activity they produce and sell nearly 3000 a week. They have even exported their activity into the bush, where hygiene problems and access to this type of product are very difficult. Their business is quite successful and has advantages that can't be ignored: with 1kg of animal fat, bought for 1200 Ariary (0.33€), they produce around 30 soaps which they sell for 200 Ariary apiece. The plant matter used in the making of the soap as well as the fuel used for the preparation heating are salvaged from the waste, which does not yield any extra cost. This tutorial details the making of Gasy soap according to Chris and Aimé's method. It is obvious that this kind of remedy contrasts with European hygiene standards, but as stated above, certain disadvantaged areas of Madagascar do not have any access to cleanliness. What's more, Chris and Aimé remind us by this that it is very easy to make your own soap using these traditional methods, with results as good as commercial soap., with results as good as commercial soap.)
- Oyas + (Oyas (or ollas) are pear-shaped earthenwar … Oyas (or ollas) are pear-shaped earthenware vessels. They are porous and have an opening at the top. They have been used since ancient times to gently irrigate the soil. All you have to do is bury them, leaving only the top part protruding so that they can be filled.
This tutorial will take you through the process of making a ~7L oya, capable of keeping soil moist within a radius of ~60 cm (between 1 and 1.5 m2) for around ~10 days.
Note: different sizes of oyas can be made by following the same steps. The dimensions shown here are for guidance only.
There are many advantages to this method of irrigation:
* water consumed does not evaporate, so the soil is not washed away, and fungal diseases caused by damp foliage (e.g. mildew) are prevented.
* water spreads slowly through the soil, giving neighbouring roots time to take advantage of it
* plant (or tree) roots sink into the soil, rather than remaining on the surface
*when the soil is already wet (e.g. after a heavy rain) the water stays in the oya
* watering is quicker (just fill the oya) and simpler (you can leave it to a neighbour who doesn't garden)
*the water in the oya is brought up to temperature, so there's no thermal shock for the plant
.eral people, as many stages can be carried out in parallel </div> </div><br/>.) - Solar water heater + (Solar panels are very efficient at taking … Solar panels are very efficient at taking advantage of solar radiation. In our latitudes the sun generates up to 1000 Watts per m². With photovoltaic panels we can capture 200 W / m², with thermal energy it rises to 800W / m², four times more! Solar panels are much more profitable than photovoltaic panels and much less expensive. The "home made" solution Eric Lafond offers us easily reaches 500W / m² for a cost of 15 € per m². This [http://ptaff.ca/soleil/ website] shows the solar power you can expect to receive, depending on your geographical position and the season. Solar thermal panels are particularly useful for domestic hot water production. In this case they are called solar water heaters. 3 - 4m² (32 - 43 sq feet) of solar thermal panels will cover 90% of the hot water needs for a two person household throughout the year. The hot water tank will take over during cloudy days. If there are more inhabitants, and therefore more water being consumed, you need to increase the size of the solar panels. For example, 6m² (64.5 sq feet) for 6 people. Eric's complete system - which includes home-made panels, supply pipes, coolant, solar balloon, circulator, and a regulator - will be profitable in two to three years. The panels installed at his house are in their eighteenth year. These thermal panels are designed in the same way as those on the market: a solar collector containing a heat transfer fluid is sandwiched between an insulator and a sheet of glass. In this case, we will use the grill you find at the back of a fridge for the solar collector.. And we will use the door of the fridge as the insulator. The glass is from old double glazed windows. You will find many fridges in landfills or recycling areas, and double-glazing windows at many glaziers. A big thank to Riké, who shared his know-how with us, from his 20 years of experience in the world of energy, and to the members of the Grand Moulin collective who welcomed us to the training they organized, particularly to Karine, Sylvain and Pascal. Thanks also to Jean-Loup for the explanation of glass cutting and soldering, and to all the other volunteers of the participative building site for their help. '''Find in [https://lowtechlab.org/assets/files/rapport-experimentation-habitat-low-tech-low-tech-lab.pdf this report] an analysis of the use of this solar water heater, as well as 11 other low-tech experiments throughout the project "En Quête d'un Habitat Durable" (English translation pending).'''Durable" (English translation pending).''')
- Insulated Solar Electric Cooker (ISEC) + (The ISEC project is born at CalPoly Univer … The ISEC project is born at CalPoly University in California thanks to '''Pete Schwartz''' and is now moving forward with collaborators all over the world.
This tutorial is based on the manual written by '''Alexis Ziegle'''r from Living Energy Farm, a community in Virginia, US, seeking to operate without fossil fuels.
====Background==== According to the World Health Organization, 3 billion people in the world cook with biomass and coal; consequently, 4 million people die from associated emissions. In many communities, biomass cooking has lead to deforestation and can cause harmful pollution to the environment. Women are threatened by sexual assault when they leave their communities to collect firewood or purchase coal. The purpose of our research is to minimize the environmental impact and health issues that arise from biomass cooking.
====Why Are These Solar Cookers Revolutionary?==== “Normal” cooking involves using a lot of energy quickly, and very inefficiently. When you are cooking on a stove or in an oven, most of the heat is lost, not transferred to the food. The new cooking technology we are working with is called '''Insulated Solar Electric Cookers''', or '''ISECs'''. These cookers are very efficient. At Living Energy Farm, we use solar power, and that makes us 100% energy self sufficient at the residential level. But unlike other off-grid projects, 90% of our electricity never goes through a battery. Rather, our solar electric panels send electricity straight to its useful destination. The Cal Poly team had the same idea, and ISECs use energy straight from solar panels. That makes the this way of using solar energy “radically inexpensive,” to use the term coined by the Cal Poly research crew. At a practical level, '''we have found ISECs to be more effective than any other solar cooking technology on the market'''. There are many solar cookers available, but ISECs are the most convenient to use, and provide by far the most effective means of solar cooking in sub-optimal weather. '''And they are cheap to build!'''
====What to Expect==== This technology is new and changing quickly. This document will tell you how to build ISECs. A materials source list is at the end of this document. The smaller ISECs function like a crock pot. All ISECs cook slowly, though the larger ones can cook somewhat more quickly. '''A 100 watt ISEC will cook 2 - 3 kg of food in winter or in partly cloudy weather, and more in sunnier weather'''. '''Larger ISECs will cook greater quantities of food'''. Slow cooking means less burned food, less carcinogenic substances in the food (which are created by very high temperatures), and more flavorful food. Slow cooking does involve changing the rhythm of cooking. Preparation is done ahead of time. ISECs could never replace all other cooking fuels in every climate, but they could do most of the cooking we need. ====Community Scale Cooking==== At LEF, we have built several biogas digesters, numerous solar cooking devices, as well as rocket stoves that use wood. Overall, a combination of biogas and ISECs seem to be the best approach to a cost effective, year-round, fully renewable approach to community scale cooking.The mix of biogas and ISECs is optimal because it allows cooking in any weather, is scalable to most any size, and can be adapted to most any climate. Biogas in a temperate climate is challenging because a biogas digester needs to stay very warm and cannot be indoors. And tending a biogas digester is like taking care of an animal -- you need to feed it every day, and pay some attention to it. That is easiest to do on a community scale.
====The Value of Integrating Energy Systems==== The original ISEC project developed at Cal Poly uses a 100 watt, 12 volt, well insulated cooker. The fact that they have proven that you can cook with only 100 watts is great! But such small power sources do not work in cloudy weather. We have found at LEF that our cooks always favor more powerful cookers. Our largest ISEC at LEF runs at 180 volts. It will cook quite well in cloudy weather. The ISEC project aims to provide inexpensive cookers for low income families all over the world. If 10 or 20 people can share a cooking facility, then it is possible to make much more effective cookers at higher voltages that work in cloudier weather, as well as providing other services, at a similar per-capita cost. The problem is, of course, that many low income communities do not have the up-front capital to build larger energy systems regardless of improved overall efficacy. The right balance of cost, efficiency, and scale is and will remain on ongoing question. Our hope here is to provide options. ====ISECs Designs -- Your Options==== The two types of cookers we have developed at LEF are bucket cookers and box cookers. '''The bucket cooker we call Perl is made with a 5 gallon bucket and perlite'''. The Cal Poly crew has expanded on this idea by using larger buckets with more insulation. For a small cooker, Perl works well. It is cheap and easy to build. It uses a stainless pot that can be removed from the cooker and can be any size up to about 6 quarts. The heat source is a homemade burner. It is also possible to build a bucket cooker can be built with wood ashes, though that’s not a great approach. Instructions follow. '''Our favorite cookers are Roxes -- box cookers made with rockwool sheet and sheet metal'''. Roxies can be built in many different sizes and insulation levels using rockwool and/ or fiberglass. Naturally, larger ISECs or ISECs with thicker insulation levels cost more. Roxies can use pots that you already have in your kitchen.
as we have at our disposal, but if you build your own ISEC, you proceed at your own risk.</div> </div><br/>) - Insulated Solar Electric Cooker (ISEC) + (The ISEC project is born at CalPoly Univer … The ISEC project is born at CalPoly University in California thanks to '''Pete Schwartz''' and is now moving forward with collaborators all over the world.
This tutorial is based on the manual written by '''Alexis Ziegle'''r from Living Energy Farm, a community in Virginia, US, seeking to operate without fossil fuels.
====Background==== According to the World Health Organization, 3 billion people in the world cook with biomass and coal; consequently, 4 million people die from associated emissions. In many communities, biomass cooking has lead to deforestation and can cause harmful pollution to the environment. Women are threatened by sexual assault when they leave their communities to collect firewood or purchase coal. The purpose of our research is to minimize the environmental impact and health issues that arise from biomass cooking.
====Why Are These Solar Cookers Revolutionary?==== “Normal” cooking involves using a lot of energy quickly, and very inefficiently. When you are cooking on a stove or in an oven, most of the heat is lost, not transferred to the food. The new cooking technology we are working with is called '''Insulated Solar Electric Cookers''', or '''ISECs'''. These cookers are very efficient. At Living Energy Farm, we use solar power, and that makes us 100% energy self sufficient at the residential level. But unlike other off-grid projects, 90% of our electricity never goes through a battery. Rather, our solar electric panels send electricity straight to its useful destination. The Cal Poly team had the same idea, and ISECs use energy straight from solar panels. That makes the this way of using solar energy “radically inexpensive,” to use the term coined by the Cal Poly research crew. At a practical level, '''we have found ISECs to be more effective than any other solar cooking technology on the market'''. There are many solar cookers available, but ISECs are the most convenient to use, and provide by far the most effective means of solar cooking in sub-optimal weather. '''And they are cheap to build!'''
====What to Expect==== This technology is new and changing quickly. This document will tell you how to build ISECs. A materials source list is at the end of this document. The smaller ISECs function like a crock pot. All ISECs cook slowly, though the larger ones can cook somewhat more quickly. '''A 100 watt ISEC will cook 2 - 3 kg of food in winter or in partly cloudy weather, and more in sunnier weather'''. '''Larger ISECs will cook greater quantities of food'''. Slow cooking means less burned food, less carcinogenic substances in the food (which are created by very high temperatures), and more flavorful food. Slow cooking does involve changing the rhythm of cooking. Preparation is done ahead of time. ISECs could never replace all other cooking fuels in every climate, but they could do most of the cooking we need. ====Community Scale Cooking==== At LEF, we have built several biogas digesters, numerous solar cooking devices, as well as rocket stoves that use wood. Overall, a combination of biogas and ISECs seem to be the best approach to a cost effective, year-round, fully renewable approach to community scale cooking.The mix of biogas and ISECs is optimal because it allows cooking in any weather, is scalable to most any size, and can be adapted to most any climate. Biogas in a temperate climate is challenging because a biogas digester needs to stay very warm and cannot be indoors. And tending a biogas digester is like taking care of an animal -- you need to feed it every day, and pay some attention to it. That is easiest to do on a community scale.
====The Value of Integrating Energy Systems==== The original ISEC project developed at Cal Poly uses a 100 watt, 12 volt, well insulated cooker. The fact that they have proven that you can cook with only 100 watts is great! But such small power sources do not work in cloudy weather. We have found at LEF that our cooks always favor more powerful cookers. Our largest ISEC at LEF runs at 180 volts. It will cook quite well in cloudy weather. The ISEC project aims to provide inexpensive cookers for low income families all over the world. If 10 or 20 people can share a cooking facility, then it is possible to make much more effective cookers at higher voltages that work in cloudier weather, as well as providing other services, at a similar per-capita cost. The problem is, of course, that many low income communities do not have the up-front capital to build larger energy systems regardless of improved overall efficacy. The right balance of cost, efficiency, and scale is and will remain on ongoing question. Our hope here is to provide options. ====ISECs Designs -- Your Options==== The two types of cookers we have developed at LEF are bucket cookers and box cookers. '''The bucket cooker we call Perl is made with a 5 gallon bucket and perlite'''. The Cal Poly crew has expanded on this idea by using larger buckets with more insulation. For a small cooker, Perl works well. It is cheap and easy to build. It uses a stainless pot that can be removed from the cooker and can be any size up to about 6 quarts. The heat source is a homemade burner. It is also possible to build a bucket cooker can be built with wood ashes, though that’s not a great approach. Instructions follow. '''Our favorite cookers are Roxes -- box cookers made with rockwool sheet and sheet metal'''. Roxies can be built in many different sizes and insulation levels using rockwool and/ or fiberglass. Naturally, larger ISECs or ISECs with thicker insulation levels cost more. Roxies can use pots that you already have in your kitchen.
as we have at our disposal, but if you build your own ISEC, you proceed at your own risk.</div> </div><br/>) - Dishwashing detergent + (The detergents used in dishwashing product … The detergents used in dishwashing products are '''harmful to the environment'''. Every year in France, 10,000 tonnes of detergents are used to wash dishes. Practices are gradually changing and manufacturers are trying to remove phosphates from the composition of their detergents. Unfortunately, many powders and tablets still contain far too many phosphates.
Compounds generally found in dishwasher tablets:
*'''Phosphonates:''' poorly biodegradable compounds that contribute to the asphyxiation of aquatic environments.
*'''Polycarboxylates:''' non-degradable petrochemical substances.
*'''Surfactants:''' petrochemical substances that are often allergenic.
*'''Synthetic fragrances:''' may be allergenic.
Here's a recipe made from 100% natural, economical and environmentally-friendly products. It's up to you!
.ith coarse salt and the rinsing liquid with white vinegar !</div> </div><br/>.) - Children's bikes + (The project to create an adapted bike for … The project to create an adapted bike for autistic children embodies the combination of innovation and inclusivity, aimed at providing a safe and rewarding riding experience. Combining creative re-use of existing materials with mechanical and design solutions, this tutorial provides a detailed guide to making this unique bike. The aim is to provide an adapted means of transport that encourages autistic children to participate and flourish when out and about in the great outdoors. Follow each step carefully to create a bike that transcends boundaries, bringing comfort, safety and happiness to the children who will benefit from it. The bike used by the association cost more than 2,000 euros, so the challenge was to produce a low-tech bike that would be accessible to all. It's also worth noting that the front attachment can be reused for future tandems, underlining the durability and versatility of this approach.rability and versatility of this approach.)
- Wooden bicycle trailer + (This bicycle trailer was produced for the opening of the Low Tech Lab Gd Paris in Boulogne-Billancourt. It was made from herringbone pallets at [http://fablab.simplon.co/ Simplon Lab]. It allows you to transport objects of 2m50.)
- Cultivation of oyster mushrooms + (This leaflet deals with the domestic culti … This leaflet deals with the domestic cultivation of edible mushrooms, in this case grey oyster mushrooms "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleurotus_ostreatus]". '''Advantages of growing gray oyster mushrooms''' *Ecology/Save Money : Fungi are one of the few organisms that feed on lignin and cellulose. These elements are present in many wastes from agriculture and other activities (straw, coffee grounds, sawdust, etc.). It is therefore an excellent way to recover these wastes. At the end of mushroom cultivation, it is possible to reintegrate the mycelium and substrate used for cultivation into the compost. Mushroom growing can therefore provide additional income for producers of this type of waste. As an example, [http://www.hotelseconews.com/Recycler-le-marc-de-cafe-pour.html une jeune entreprise de paris a produit 2,5T de pleurotes sur 30m² en 6 mois en réutilisant du marc de café] *Nutrition : Oyster mushrooms are not among the most nutritious foods, however they are a source of several interesting elements: vitamins [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B3 B3] (niacin), [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavin B2], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantothenic_acid B5], minerals (copper, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc), and oyster mushrooms contain more protein than most vegetables. Click [http://www.passeportsante.net/fr/Nutrition/EncyclopedieAliments/Fiche.aspx?doc=pleurote_nu here] for more information on the nutritional values of oyster mushrooms. '''Stage of cultivation''' : *The mother spawn: The starter spawn (or mother spawn) is made from a fresh and healthy mushroom or can be bought from a "spawn" producer. The "spawn" is the mycelium of the mushroom grown in a sterile medium that is used for propagation. The mother crop is like "a seed" which allows to start several mushroom cultures. *The invasion of the spawn: With the spawn of the mother culture we can then inoculate recipients that contain the substrate, the mycelium will invade the entire substrate. Once the substrate is completely colonized by the spawn, the last phase begins. *Fruiting and harvesting: When the substrate is completely invaded, it is necessary to cause a change in the environmental conditions (T°C, light, CO2 concentration) and allow fruiting, which is the appearance of the part of the fungus that is consumed (foot and cap). All you have to do is harvest your mushrooms and eat them. '''clonage de champignons avec une culture liquide''' : champignons avec une culture liquide''' :)
- A wood-saving oven + (This oven fabrication technique was docume … This oven fabrication technique was documented on during one of our trips, looking for low-techs in South America from June to September 2017 in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. This oven, used in the Finca Fina farm near Malacatos in Ecuador, can cook all sorts of foods with just a small amount of wood. It can store heat sufficiently and once it's hot, it can carry on cooking dishes for a considerable amount of time without being maintained. The fact that only a little fuel is used, is an advantage for regions where there isn't much wood. On a certain scale, this advantage helps reduce deforestation due to the use of wood for cooking. The low consumption of wood prevents the user from travelling as often for a supply of wood. Easy to make, some knowledge in masonry is however needed, one part is made out of bricks, displayed to form an arch. Certain metal parts need to be welded, so welding skills are also recommended.d, so welding skills are also recommended.)
- Autonomous oriented solar panel - THE SUNFLOWER + (This project is divided into 3 parts: mech … This project is divided into 3 parts: mechanics (the most difficult), programming and electronics.
*'''The mechanic part :''' 🔧 First of all, we made a sketch of the mechanism for this project, then we used CATIA V5 to design the 23 parts of the project. We then used PrusaSlicer to 3D print them using PLA filaments. This is the most difficult part, because we need to know exactly how the mechanism will work. So we bought 8 solar panels, 2 servomotors and rechargeable batteries. Finally, we put it all together.
*'''The electronic part :''' 🔌 We used rechargeable batteries of 1.5 V each, connected in series to give 12 volts. We then connected these batteries in parallel to the solar panels, of which there are 8, which also gives us 12 volts. In addition, 4 of the batteries power the STM32 microprocessor, and from the STM32 we power the servomotors.
*'''The programming part :''' 💻 After studying the chronology of sunset and sunrise in Brest over 365 days, we obtained the time difference between them (in minutes) and noted the variation in sunset and sunrise times throughout the year. For example, we found that the duration of sunshine increases each day until the 173rd day, then decreases until the end of the year, each day increasing/decreasing by 2.7 minutes. In addition, the servomotor that controls the rotation of the solar panel supports changes direction every day from 0 to 180 degrees. However, the servomotor that controls the tilt follows the movement of the sun, depending on the year.tilt follows the movement of the sun, depending on the year.) - Urine-diverting dry toilets + (This prototype is the fruit of a generous … This prototype is the fruit of a generous collaboration between [https://sanisphere-fr.com/ Pierre Colombot, founder of Sanisphère], the association [https://asso-eko.org/#:~:text=Les%20low-technologies%20en%20aide%20aux%20r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s%20R%C3%A9pond%20%C3%A0,besoins%20et%20de%20s%E2%80%99ins%C3%A9rer%20professionnellement%20gr%C3%A2ce%20aux%20low-technologies. Low-Tech & Réfugiés] and the association [https://www.youtube.com/@deterreauetdembruns5146 De Terreau et d'Embruns], which has been awarded the Low-Tech Explorer label and is the creator of this prototype.
The main features of this prototype are: the use of a recovery tarpaulin (such as a lorry or swimming pool) as a basic resource in addition to the wooden framework; urine/faeces separation; treatment of materials directly in situ by ventilation and vermicomposting of dry materials, as well as drainage of urine.
This model of urine-diverting dry toilet is designed to be adaptable to different user contexts, but its main constraint is that it needs to be installed outdoors, preferably on soil, in order to benefit from the advantages of natural ventilation and composting of faecal matter "in situ". Various options are available to best meet the needs of each context. Another major constraint is the social acceptance of urine separators, which are unknown to many people.
Note that this prototype is a summary of what we have learned and combines ideas that we found interesting. However, we are waiting for long-term feedback before we can confirm that it works 100% as intended.
Why urine-diverting dry toilets?
It goes without saying that, given the current climate issues, and in particular the increasing scarcity of drinking water, dry toilets are an obvious choice when it comes to sanitation. On average, a conventional toilet flush consumes '''9 litres''' of drinking water each time it is used. An adult goes to the toilet approximately 4 times a day. That's equivalent to '''13,000 litres''' of drinking water pollution per person per year. So we urgently need to rethink our habits, right down to the ''smallest corner''.
What's more, in certain extreme contexts such as refugee camps (for which this prototype is potentially intended), water represents an even more precious resource that deserves to be safeguarded for other uses (hydration, nutrition and hygiene).
''Conventional" dry toilets (without separation, known as "biolitter") are highly functional and extremely simple to design, provided you have an outdoor composting area and dry materials such as sawdust/ash or litter, added to the faeces to reduce the strong odours resulting from the urine-faeces mixture. The main disadvantage is that the faeces container has to be emptied on a regular basis, otherwise it will become heavy, have strong odours and attract flies. This makes their collective use rather cumbersome in terms of management/maintenance. They are still very practical for domestic/family use.
Urine-diverting dry toilets (or UDDTs) have the advantage of a lower operating odour, resulting in greater user acceptance, a reduced risk of fly proliferation and a reduction in pathogens through drying.
What's more, the significantly reduced weight of the receptacles is an advantage in terms of management and maintenance.
Lastly, separation facilitates the use of excreta in agriculture, since urine is sterile and does not need to be composted to be used as fertiliser.
The use of urine as a natural fertiliser requires certain precautions, however, and may be open to debate. (add discussion Raph).
Separation technology:
As far as the user/receptacle interface (the seat itself) is concerned, different hardware options are possible depending on budget, available resources and cultural context (in particular cleaning habits, with paper or water).
From the simple funnel fixed in front of the hole to prefabricated objects with triple urine/faeces/rinse water separation, the range is vast. Our model is adaptable to these different technologies. Note that the most basic technology (i.e. the one closest to the low-tech spirit) - the funnel - does not really respect the female anatomy and causes urine to leak into the part intended for dry matter.
Finally, it should be noted that this type of dry toilet requires a high level of awareness among the public who are going to use them, to ensure that they are used correctly.
The risk of errors, and therefore of malfunctioning toilets, linked to their originality, is their biggest weakness. In contexts where human pressure is high, such as refugee camps, this could represent a real problem.
The "eternal toilet", or the wager of the earthworms!
As well as separating urine from faeces, our prototype is designed to compost dry matter directly under the toilet cubicle. This avoids the time-consuming task of emptying the toilet. The challenge, of course, is to calibrate the size of the storage space according to the frequency of toilet use, so that the growth rate of the pile of dry matter (faeces + toilet paper) does not exceed its composting rate. (add the faeces reduction equation by Pierre).
Composting is made possible by a number of factors:
- the presence of earthworms, deposited when the toilet is put into service. Their coprophagous activity will of course be supported by a variety of other small living organisms naturally present in the soil. Direct contact with the soil is therefore very important.
- effective ventilation of the storage area, made possible by the strictest possible air-tightness, with a single low-level air intake via the toilet seat and a high-level air outlet via a chimney.
- optimum humidity see Pierre discussion.
The risk of overflowing and the quality of composting will require regular checks by a supervisor in the first few weeks after installation. Once the composting parameters have been mastered, maintenance will consist of frequent cleaning of the user area, as with all toilet cubicles.
Urine elimination:
This prototype features two interchangeable urine systems.
Urine is discharged through a pipe connected to the urine separator. To avoid the work involved in manually removing a container of urine, the pipe is sunk directly into the ground and releases the urine into the soil, through a sand/gravel/stone drain that will have been dug when the structure was founded. But this system, although advantageous in terms of maintenance, is not entirely satisfactory, for two reasons.
On the one hand, we can't clearly identify whether the drain will be sufficient to prevent pollution of the soil and surrounding groundwater. On the other hand, it's a real shame to write off the fertilising potential of 'liquid gold' in the garden.
We therefore offer the option of connecting the urine evacuation pipe to a jerrycan (or other container of your choice) so that this possibility can be offered to users without being obligatory or definitive.
Note of intent:
Many parameters need to be optimised or even modified to achieve the 'Holy Grail' of eternal toilets! We hope that this prototype will be enriched by everyone's experiments and advice. Thank you for your comments and constructive criticism. A detailed version of this tutorial will be available just below in the "files" tab.nd constructive criticism. A detailed version of this tutorial will be available just below in the "files" tab.) - Simple powerbank + (This tutorial presents the manufacture of … This tutorial presents the manufacture of a very simple powerbank allowing the feeding of a small lighting or the charging of a smartphone via a USB socket. It is made from lithium-ion cells recovered from used laptop batteries. '''Safety''' : [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-accumulator-ion Lithium-ion batteries] can be particularly dangerous. Their charges and discharges must be protected with a suitable electronic circuit. In addition, short circuiting a cell can cause it to explode: It is therefore imperative to handle them with care: gloves and goggles. '''Laptop batteries''': Removable computer batteries are mostly made up of lithium-ion cells in series or parallel with an input charge / discharge regulator. When a battery is faulty, it is very likely that only one of the cells or even just the regulator fails. It is still possible to reuse the others. '''Why reuse this type of cells / batteries?''' * Storage: This type of technology is currently one of the lightest compared to the amount of energy it can store. * [http://future.arte.tv/en/the-lithium-source-dinegalite-and-pollution Environment]: 1300T of accumulators are thrown away each year with a forecast at 14000T for 2020. Depending on the country, they end up either in nature, rejecting toxic substances, or part of them for energy-consuming recycling. However, many of the cells are potentially usable as is for a new life. * Economy: Small local economies can arise from the reuse of lithium-ion cells still usable, for the production of lamps, powerbanks, etc. '''Technical data''' : The realization of a powerbank from lithium-ion cells requires cell recovery as well as the acquisition of an electronic module charge / discharge. 2 options are available later: The simplest option (explained in this tutorial) is the use of a single lithium-ion cell. This option requires only to validate the proper functioning of the cell by a voltage test. The second option is to couple several cells together according to their load capacity. This requires more complex manipulation available [http://lab.lowtechlab.org/index.php?title=R%C3%A9cup%C3%A9ration_de_batteries ici].=R%C3%A9cup%C3%A9ration_de_batteries ici].)
- Orangepi-raspberry pi nextcloud server (photovoltaics powered) + (Tutorial to setup a nextcloud server (equi … Tutorial to setup a nextcloud server (equivalent to google drive but free and adapted to collective organisations) on a single board computer (photovoltaics powered)
This tutorial is not really "lowtech" at first look because we talk about computers and photovoltaics
However it is as didactic as possible and follows a lowtech philosophy to share knowledge, avoid unreachable tech by information rentention, complexification by design, or proprietary
dependance by design.
We also give sizign tools for photovoltaics with a few explanation.
It's up to to you to size your computer working hours on a sun schedule, ie respecting human temporalities.
Nextcloud (framasoft offers a service here: https://www.frama.space/abc/fr ) is a cool service to organise collectively and allows to share files, have a directory, a chat, work cooperatively on libreoffice files, and even do visios.
We can also imagine mobile infokisosks on this principle. The tutorial puts into question the vpn market, the phtovoltaics with brand new and expensive batteries (in reality photovoltaics has become too competitive compared to petrleum and even more compared to nuclear power!), and the gafam market and their surveillance design which is damaging trust and social links. The commands are those for a debian system Finally, the tutorial is made iwth 4G modem (and a wired connection to orange pi which has no wifi card by default), and is updated on this 10th of april for a raspberry pi connected to a "shared wifi" of your telephone (see stage 6 for a wifi in wpa3 and stage 16 for a wifi in wpa2)
See https://solar.lowtechmagazine.com/ to go further with the low tech internet insights (in particular "how to create a lowtech internet"?)insights (in particular "how to create a lowtech internet"?)) - Passive speaker + (You've probably already seen small speaker … You've probably already seen small speakers made from boxes of crisps. The aim of our project is to test different models by playing around with the number of boxes, the layout and size of the sound outlets, and so on. At the end, we'll come up with the best models, and it will be up to you to choose the one that suits you best, based on sound quality and simplicity of design.on sound quality and simplicity of design.)
- Remorque à vélo - CHARRETTE - Cyclonomia + ([https://charrette.bike/pages/quest-ce-que … [https://charrette.bike/pages/quest-ce-que-la-charrette.html CHARRETTE] est un projet libre de remorque à vélo à '''trois roues''' avec système de '''freinage inertiel''' et un système d’assistance '''électrique''' autonome porté par Cyclonomia. Pensée pour l’autoconstruction et une diffusion large, la remorque s’attelle sur toutes les tiges de selle de vélo ou se tire à la main. Le mécanisme du frein à inertie automatique protège remorque et cycliste en permettant d’augmenter '''la charge utile jusqu’à 300 kg'''. Une assistance électrique est conçue pour que la charrette accompagne indépendamment le vélo en modulant sa propre puissance. Les plans et le code source sont sous licence CC-BY-SA. D’autres éléments déployables solaires ou fonctionnels assurent une '''grande variété d’usages''' (restauration, culturel, social....). La remorque, sous licence CERN-OHL-W v2, est conçue en tubes carrés simples à provisionner et facilement soudable. Retrouvez le site web de la CHARRETTE en suivant [https://charrette.bike/ ce lien].suivant [https://charrette.bike/ ce lien].)
- Simple wooden bike trolley - hand tools only - back wheel attachment + (—> Here, we build a wooden bike trolley … —> Here, we build a wooden bike trolley. After some research, I wasn’t convinced by the trolley tutorials I found: either welding is required, either a lot of things are required, or the design seems clumsy. —> '''constraints''' ''':''' I tried to create a trolley, which can replace the car to go to the market / grocery shopping. It needs to be built in the garden, using hand tools. No need to transport heavy cargo, but big objects (cardboard boxes, crates, wood, etc.) - Therefore it needs to be easily adaptable, with the option to fix a crate on the board. + Priority goes to second-hand materials!board. + Priority goes to second-hand materials!)
- Bio-Coal + ('''Global Context''' For several decades, … '''Global Context''' For several decades, Senegal suffers from the high pressure on its natural resources, with 42% of the forest area in Senegal has disappeared since 1960. Strong demographic increase, abusive logging for fuel, non-lasting agricultural practices, and bush fires (350000 ha/an) are the principal causes. Therefore, we assist in irregularities, lack of rain, as well as recurring droughts. '''Energy situation in Senegal''' In Senegal, 84% of household fuel consumption comes from wood and charcoal. For example, every year, the population uses 58kg of coal per habitant. This consumption encourages logging and puts pressure on the natural resources of the country. '''Advantages of Bio-Coal''' The bio-coal, made from agricultural waste (such as straws, peanut shells, or even bush straws) can replace charcoal. Bio-coal can also offer economic and social advantages on the ecological level: In terms of the economic framework, although a light consumption of regular coal is necessary, bio-coal is more advantageous to family users. In the Kaolack region, the bio-coal sells for 150 CFA per kilo, whereas charcoal sells for 250 to 300 CFA per kilo.* (NEBEDAY association) In terms of the environmental framework, the development of bush straws and agricultural wastes as renewable biomasses decreases the risk of starting bush fires. And therefore strengthen the preservation of the forest and its biodiversity. Finally, charcoal made from straws is used under the same conditions as charcoal. Hence, it respects the local culinary traditions, which allows the local population to accept using bio-charcoal quicker. "This tutorial is produced in partner with the [http://www.nebeday.org Nebeday] association , who developed numerous programmes for the participative management of natural resources by and for the local population in Senegal." and for the local population in Senegal.")
- Farming of edible crickets + (Advantages of a farming of edible crickets … Advantages of a farming of edible crickets for humans
NutritionInsects are interesting in research of new sources of proteins and offer alternatives to our traditional and non sustainable way of consumption . The cricket's energy intake is 120 kcal/ 100g ( weight when it is fresh) and its average protein content is 8-25g/100g ( weight when it is fresh). The cricket appears to be a really good source of proteins, omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, and minerals: iron, zinc, magnesium, copper,...Ecology/ economyInsect farming asks less water and feed than bovine, sheep and pig farming: their feed conversion capacity (the ability of an animal to convert a given weight of feed to body weight, represented in kg feed per kg of weight gain of the animal) is higher than those of the farming mentioned above. For example, it takes 10 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of beef while it takes 1.7 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of crickets. The amount of greenhouse gases produced by insect farming is significantly less than that of livestock. From a logistical point of view, cricket farming has many advantages over large livestock farming: the area of land occupied is smaller, possible in urban areas. The low need for investment in infrastructure can enable poorer populations to start micro-farming, they can be raised on substrates made up of agricultural waste and fed with organic by-products. '''Please note''' : L'élevage qui est réalisé dans ce tutoriel est actuellement en cours de test dans le cadre de l’expédition [http://lowtechlab.org/wiki/Nomade_des_mers Nomade des Mers] UN TUTORIEL VIDEO EST DISPONIBLE [https://www.brut.media/fr/science-and-technology/voila-comment-fabriquer-une-ferme-a-grillons-71319fc0-a847-49a6-9e55-c9f23408f054 ICI] !-une-ferme-a-grillons-71319fc0-a847-49a6-9e55-c9f23408f054 ICI] !)
- Savon de cendre et de graisse animale + (En périphérie de Antananarivo, capitale de … En périphérie de Antananarivo, capitale de Madagascar, la décharge d'Andralanitra couvre quelques 20 hectares et reçoit chaque jour entre 350 et 550 tonnes de déchets. Plus de 3000 chiffonniers y travaillent quotidiennement, qui trient, récupèrent et recyclent les déchets. Parmi eux, deux habitants du quartier voisin, Chris et Aimé, ont lancé il y a quelques années la production d'un savon "Gasy" (made in Madagascar) à base de déchets organiques récupérés dans la décharge et de graisse animale. Ils ont créé un petit business autour de la vente de leur savon, et après quelques années d'activité ils en produisent et vendent près de 3000 par semaine. Ils ont même exporté leur activité dans la brousse, là où les problèmes d'hygiène et d'accès à ce type de produit sont très difficiles. L'activité est assez rentable et permet de dégager des bénéfices non négligeables : avec 1kg de graisse animale, achetée 1200 Ariary (0,33€), ils produisent environ 30 savons qu'ils vendent 200 Ariary pièce. Les matières végétales utilisées pour la fabrication du savon ainsi que le combustible utilisé pour chauffer la préparation sont récupérés dans la décharge, ce qui n'occasionne pas de frais supplémentaires. Ce tutoriel détaille la fabrication du savon Gasy selon la méthode de Chris et Aimé. Il est évident que ce genre de solution contraste avec les standards d'hygiène européens, mais comme dit plus haut, certaines zones défavorisées de Madagascar n'ont aucun accès à la propreté. De plus, Chris et Aimé nous rappellent par là qu'il est très facile de fabriquer soi-même son savon par des méthodes traditionnelles, avec des résultats aussi bons que du savon industriel.ultats aussi bons que du savon industriel.)
- Savon de cendre et de graisse animale + (En périphérie de Antananarivo, capitale de … En périphérie de Antananarivo, capitale de Madagascar, la décharge d'Andralanitra couvre quelques 20 hectares et reçoit chaque jour entre 350 et 550 tonnes de déchets. Plus de 3000 chiffonniers y travaillent quotidiennement, qui trient, récupèrent et recyclent les déchets. Parmi eux, deux habitants du quartier voisin, Chris et Aimé, ont lancé il y a quelques années la production d'un savon "Gasy" (made in Madagascar) à base de déchets organiques récupérés dans la décharge et de graisse animale. Ils ont créé un petit business autour de la vente de leur savon, et après quelques années d'activité ils en produisent et vendent près de 3000 par semaine. Ils ont même exporté leur activité dans la brousse, là où les problèmes d'hygiène et d'accès à ce type de produit sont très difficiles. L'activité est assez rentable et permet de dégager des bénéfices non négligeables : avec 1kg de graisse animale, achetée 1200 Ariary (0,33€), ils produisent environ 30 savons qu'ils vendent 200 Ariary pièce. Les matières végétales utilisées pour la fabrication du savon ainsi que le combustible utilisé pour chauffer la préparation sont récupérés dans la décharge, ce qui n'occasionne pas de frais supplémentaires. Ce tutoriel détaille la fabrication du savon Gasy selon la méthode de Chris et Aimé. Il est évident que ce genre de solution contraste avec les standards d'hygiène européens, mais comme dit plus haut, certaines zones défavorisées de Madagascar n'ont aucun accès à la propreté. De plus, Chris et Aimé nous rappellent par là qu'il est très facile de fabriquer soi-même son savon par des méthodes traditionnelles, avec des résultats aussi bons que du savon industriel.ultats aussi bons que du savon industriel.)
- Solar concentrators + (I first built solar concentrators to try t … I first built solar concentrators to try to power a mini stirling engine ("scientific toy"). You can see it on the video in step 3 and in the other tutorial i made here: [[Moteur Stirling]] The exercise is not so simple, so i decided to make a dedicated tutorial. For the mini stirling engine, you need a high degree of concentration (2cmx4cm) and it is more appropriate to use a fresnel lens.is more appropriate to use a fresnel lens.)
- Bike tire belt +
- Spirulina farming + (Spirulina is a micro-algae, more precisely … Spirulina is a micro-algae, more precisely a spiral cyanobacterium of about ¼ millimetres. It has thrived in hot, desert regions for more than three billion years. At the origin of plant and animal life, Spirulina has largely contributed to the creation of the earth's atmosphere by producing oxygen from carbon dioxide. If it is of particular interest to us today it is because it is also a super-food. Spirulina's rich constitution is due to the fact that its cell wall is made of protein. On the other hand, in the plant world, the cells have a cellulose wall, which is difficult to digest. Spirulina also has a high concentration of vitamins and iron. This ideal composition and its ease of assimilation make spirulina a food supplement coveted by great athletes. But Spirulina is sold expensive while it is simple and quick to grow. Its yield is very good: on the same space Spirulina produces five hundred times more protein than a cattle breeding. In the same way it takes about 13,500 litres of water to produce one kg of bovine proteins whereas only 2,500 litres are needed for micro-algae. Numerous associations and NGOs (Univers la Vie, Antenna, etc) cultivate it to fight against famine and malnutrition in the world. It exists in its natural state around the tropical belt (Peru, Mexico, Chad, Ethiopia, Madagascar, India...) and even in France, in the Camargue. The family culture makes it possible to integrate spirulina into its daily diet. The French Spirulina Federation recommends a consumption of fifty grams of fresh spirulina per day, or about 10 grams of dry spirulina. In this objective of local production, it is necessary to have 1m² of cultivation basin per person. '''Preliminary information''' ''The growing medium'' Spirulina lives naturally in volcanic lakes, rich in salt and bicarbonate of soda, with a high PH, close to 10. This is its environment but not its food, as fish do not feed on sea salt. In the culture of spirulina, the objective is to recreate as close as possible the native environment of spirulina. In its natural state, Spirulina is rarely taken except by pickers and flamingos. In pond the harvests are much heavier, it is thus necessary to regularly bring food to the culture to allow its renewal. In the culture of spirulina, it is thus necessary to dissociate the culture environment from the living environment and the food: culture medium = living environment + food ''The development environment''. Spirulina lives naturally in warm climates. When the temperature of its living environment is below 18°C, it hibernates. From 20°C it starts to develop. From 30°C its production intensifies strongly. At 37°C, the optimal temperature of the environment, the population increases by a quarter every eight hours. Above 42°C, spirulina dies. In France, outdoor cultivation, with a translucent cap, is possible from mid-April. The deep green colour of spirulina is obtained by photosynthesis. For this, spirulina needs a strong luminosity but not a long exposure to the sun. It is important to shake the pool to prevent the spirulina on the surface from burning and to allow the deep ones to benefit from the light. The culture must be 20cm deep maximum so that all the spirulina can benefit from good sunlight. ''The concentration'' One of the health indicators of spirulina is its concentration. To measure it there is a very simple instrument: the Spirumeter or Secchi disk. It is a white disc at the end of an axis graduated in centimetres. The concentration of spirulina is measured by dipping the disc into the culture solution. When the disc disappears, the graduation on the surface is read, the Secchi concentration index. The lower the index, the more concentrated the spirulina is. For a healthy spirulina, the concentration should be between 2 and 4. At 2 it is very concentrated, it can be harvested. At 4 it is at its minimum cultivation concentration, for example after a harvest. This tutorial is produced in collaboration with Gilles Planchon, a specialist in the domestic culture of spirulina, trainer and researcher on the natural living environments of microalgae. Find [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kk7um3d8MyQ&feature=youtu.be here] the video tuto and the [https://wiki.lowtechlab.org/wiki/Bassin_de_culture_de_spiruline construction of a basin of family culture].ne construction of a basin of family culture].)
- Improved Stove - Patsari Model + (The [http://patsari.blogspot.com/p/fotos-y … The [http://patsari.blogspot.com/p/fotos-y-dibujos.html Patsari stove] adapted and improved upon the [https://appropedia.org/Rocket_Lorena_Stove Lorena model] which was developed in Guatemala and Mexico in the 1980s. It was designed and distributed by the Grupo Interdisciplinario de Tecnología Rural Apropriada ([https://giraac.wordpress.com/ GIRA]) located in Patzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico. During 20 years of fieldwork in collaboration with users of the Lorena design, several improvements have been incorporated into the Patsari model:
*To increase its lifespan, the exterior is made of brick
*For better standardization, the construction process uses molds to ensure the correct dimensions of the combustion chamber
*An optimized combustion chamber
*Secondary burners that maximize heat transfer to multiple cooking surfaces
*Chicanes redirect the hot gases to the secondary burners.
*The hotplates (comals) are sealed to prevent smoke from entering the room.
*A prefabricated chimney base for easier cleaning
In the Purhe'pecha indigenous peoples' language, Patsari means "the one who takes care of;" the stove is designed to take care of the health of the users as well as the overall environment. The main advantages of this cooker are:
*'''50% reduction in fuel consumption''' compared to an open fire. *'''66% reduction in the concentration of particles and toxic gases''' (CO) in indoor air compared to an open fire. *'''Reduced eye irritation and respiratory illness''' from cooking fumes. *'''Saves time and money'''; because less wood is consumed, less time is spent collecting wood and less money is spent purchasing it. *Built with '''local materials''', soil and sand. *Easily '''adaptable''', '''simple-to-use''' on a daily basis. This stove model has been specially designed to adapt to the culinary habits of Mexico, but can be used or adapted to other contexts. This tutorial is an adaptation and translation of the work carried out by GIRA. A tutorial is available in Spanish: http://www.stoves.bioenergylists.org/files/ManualPatsari.pdftoves.bioenergylists.org/files/ManualPatsari.pdf) - Water Ceramic Filter + (The ceramic filter FILTRON was made by the … The ceramic filter FILTRON was made by the company Merinsa, in partnership with the American association Potters For Peace, for families living in the slums around Lima and who do not have access to drinkable water. A study was undertaken to see the influence of the filters on the reduction of stomach diseases: a filter was given to 60 families in a slum of Lima and they were studied compared to 60 other families without filter. The FILTRON proved to be very efficient in the reduction of stomach diseases. At the end of the experiment, a filter was given to all the 120 families. The FILTRON filters 2L of water per hour and eliminates particles and bacteria. Depending on the size of the plastic container, it is possible to store 10L of clean water. The filter is thus suitable for a family. Advantages: * The use of the filter does not require any energy * Use of local materials (clay, wood fines) * Easy maintenance: must be cleaned once a week. Do not put it under the sun otherwise seaweeds can grow * Cheap (sold for 30$ by Merinsa Company) * Long lifetime: a few years * Could be sealed (thanks to the plastic container’s lid) which prevents the water from being re-contaminated Disadvantages: * Use of silver (which is not always a material available locally) * Use of an oven which should be able to reach 1000°C see if a potter around you has a ceramic oven and could lend it to you * Heavy and bulky * In our case, the price of the filter is low but still too high for the people in the slums who need it. Merinsa Company’s main clients for those filters are charities who then give them out to the families. Context: Water is a real issue everywhere in Peru, from the mountains to the coast. In the cities, chlorine is used to purify water, thus, water which could be found in the pipes is in theory clean. However, this water is also stored in tanks who are usually not sealed and where the water gets re-contaminated. People buy water in bottles or buy filters. Merinsa Company builds all kind of filters to answer this need but there is still a lot to do in Peru in the field of water in order to provide clean water to everybody. In Lima, the slums are located on the mountains around. Water is stored in huge tanks and is accessible (but contaminated) for families living downstream. As the slum expands, new habitations are built upstream from the tanks and people do not have access to water at all. According to Ricardo, at the head of Merinsac , the economical problems are not the only reason why the people from the slums do not buy a Filtron; there is also an educational issue. The families seem not to know that their stomach diseases are coming from the water they drink and thus do not understand why it could be necessary to own such filters. Some families to which a Filtron was given have "taken the ceramic pot off" in order to only retrieve the pmlastic container, whose use appear more obvious to them. The charities should really work on the education and the integration of the filters in the every day life of the families if they want their donation to be useful.if they want their donation to be useful.)
- Water - Biosand Filter + (This document will help you understand the … This document will help you understand the fundamental principles of the biosand filter (FBS): how it works, the different elements and why it might be a good technology for your project. If you have other questions that this document doesn’t answer, don’t hesitate to contact us (info@ohorizons.org). The biosand filter (FBS) was invented in the 1990s by Dr. David Manz at the University of Calgary. Simply put, the FBS is a domestic water filter that makes dirty water safe to drink. This particular type of filter is an adaptation of the traditional slow sand filter used for community water treatment for almost 200 years. The FBS is smaller and adapted for intermittent use, which makes it the most appropriate for households of around 5 people. The filter body, or the exterior of the filter, both known under the name of filter housing, are commonly made of concrete, but can also be made of plastic. Regardless of the type of filter housing, an FBS is filled with carefully prepared layers of sand and gravel. The FBS eliminates nearly all of the impurities and pathogens in the water- up to 99%! The FBS is an excellent low-tech way to purify drinking water and is used in communities around the world. ====Why choose an FBS?==== Providing access to drinking water is a complex and multi-faceted problem; choosing the right technology is only one aspect of the project. Other aspects like educating users, teaching good hygiene practices and monitoring are also extremely important and must be taken into consideration. Procuring drinking water is complicated in part because the water can be contaminated in many ways and at nearly every step in the process of collecting it. Certain frequent causes of water contamination are: improper disposal of human waste (inadequate sanitary facilities), poor hygiene (failure to wash hands), livestock excrement (particularly if the water is collected in an unprotected river or stream), agricultural run-off and industrial waste. These are just a few of the ways water can become contaminated. In numerous regions, drinking water is collected from lakes, rivers or ponds where the rate of contamination can be very high. In other places, people get their drinking water from community wells or in a borehole. Pumped water may or may not be clean. Even if it is clean, there are multiple possibilities of recontamination, in particular if the water is not kept in a secure receptacle. Because the water can be contaminated in many ways, even if the water is clean when collected, OHorizons has concentrated their efforts on the FBS, which is a point-of-use technology. As the name suggests, this technology treats the water where it is used, generally in the home. It gives maximum control to its users over the treatment of their water and reduces the risks of recontamination. '''The construction manual for the filter is open-source and can be downloaded for free at the following address: https://www.biosandfilters.info/''' '''A series of videos created to show, step-by-step, how to construct and install a concrete-lined biosand filter: https://washresources.cawst.org/fr/collections/714c93ae/how-to-build-a-biosand-filter-video-collection''' '''The OHorizons Wooden Mold Building Manual is open source and can be downloaded for free at the following address: http://ohorizons.org/resources/'''ddress: http://ohorizons.org/resources/''')
- Thrifty and stand-alone water point + (This tiny water point entirely made of rec … This tiny water point entirely made of recuperation materials allows children to wash their hands in the most thrifty, self-directed and hygienic way. Instead of turning on the tap and using a lot of water, your child will lift a lever with his/her own wrists and use a water trickle, just enough to wet her/his hands and rince them. Inspiration : This system was freely inspired by the "CANACLA", made with clay in Dakar (http://canacla.com/blog/?page_id=115). The word "Canari" in western Africa names a traditional vessel made of clay. Jacques Vanhercke used one of those traditional container to invent the "Canacla" (For "Canari" plus "Clapet", which means "valve" in french). It's indeed because of a valve and of a thin hose which simply goes through the wall of the canari that the water gently flows out the Canacla, right when your wrists open the valve by lifting up the lever (Therefore : Your hands don't touch anything !) Interest by this concept, we thought about an easy to make solution, that our 3 years old son could also use on his own. Though we built this system with wastes gathered around our neighbourhood (plastic bottles, wooden boxes, battens, etc.). We replaced the valve with a crimped hose to make the whole system even easier to build. What can I use it for ? This water point can be installed in your bathroom, if it doesn't have a sink, or in your kitchen (mounted on the wall). It can also be used outside, in a garden and also during local events, like a school fête for example. It can then be hung to a tree or a streetlight with straps. Its height can then easiliy be adjusted to the one of children.asiliy be adjusted to the one of children.)
- Serre à structure PVC + (Une serre peut devenir nécessaire à la pro … Une serre peut devenir nécessaire à la production maraîchère dans certaines régions froides ou en altitude.Dans tout les cas elle permet de produire des fruits et légumes plus tard dans la saison par rapport à une culture en plein champ. Elle permet d'exploiter l'effet de serre pour maintenir une température plus haute dans la serre qu'à l'extérieur quand il y a du soleil (Infra-Rouge lointains réfléchis par la bâche et redirigés vers l’intérieur). Cette chaleur peut être accumulée la journée et restituée la nuits grâce à des accumulateur de chaleur (bidons noirs pleins d'eau par exemple) dans le but de maintenir de température plus haute qu'à l'extérieur la jour comme la nuit! Cette température plus clémente va favoriser la croissance des plantes. L'implantation de la serre doit résulter de mûres réflexions sur son orientation par rapport au SUD, aux vents dominants, les micros climats engendrés ... Cette serre présente l'avantage d'être bien moins chère que celle du commerce et d'être home made.que celle du commerce et d'être home made.)
- Offgrid rain water harvesting sizing + (In cases where we want to be offgrid, the … In cases where we want to be offgrid, the water issue is essential It is actually the first element to consider for example when considering site settlement in permaculture (observation stage). I initially made the piece of logic below to make a mobilhome offgrid with the idea to use photovoltaic modules to harvest rainwater, as in the ulta chaata realisation (https://www.facebook.com/weultachaata/?locale=fr_FR et https://fr.futuroprossimo.it/2023/03/ulta-chaata-ombrello-magico-che-puo-dare-acqua-e-luce-allindia/) We can wonder on the correct way to size rainwater harvesting devices To do that, we can use meteorological data (meteo france in france) to get a retrospective view on the seasonal precipitations and adjust the harvesting device sizes Interactive web demo here: https://vpn.matangi.dev/water demo here: https://vpn.matangi.dev/water)
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