Four solaire tubulaire : Différence entre versions

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Version du 12 juillet 2023 à 14:52

Tutorial de avatarLow-tech Lab | Catégories : Alimentation, Énergie

Ce tutoriel présente les étapes de fabrication d’un rack de four solaire tubulaire. L’utilisation du four solaire permet une cuisson plus lente tout en gardant tous les éléments nutritifs des aliments. Le principe est simple : le revêtement sombre du tube (ici de type Pyrex) permet de capter les rayonnements solaires et de conserver la chaleur à l'intérieur du tube.

Licence : Attribution (CC BY)

Introduction

Contexte

La conception de ce dessalinisateur s'inscrit dans le projet d'expérimentation "Biosphère, capsule en milieu aride". Corentin et Caroline, le binôme qui a expérimenté durant quatre mois cette nouvelle base de vie, a choisi de l’installer en Basse-Californie (Mexique), un lieu où se concentrent les problématiques de l’évolution climatique actuelle. L’expérimentation s'est déroulée dans un désert (proche de le mer) car les milieux arides s’étendent chaque année et couvrent actuellement 41% des surfaces terrestres de la planète et concernent un habitant sur trois.


L’idée de ce projet est d’expérimenter et éventuellement démontrer la possibilité de vivre dans un contexte de grande sécheresse dans un habitat résilient, pérenne et désirable. Pendant 3 mois nous avons conçu, protypé puis fabriqué chaque low-tech pour qu’elles s’adaptent à cet environnement particulier.


Conception

Ce four solaire tubulaire est fabriqué à partir d'un tube Pyrex, particulièrement performant de part ses parois sous vide à son revêtement sombre. Destinés au départ à produire de l'eau chaude, l'association "Du Soleil dans nos Assiettes" a détourné l'utilisation de ces tubes pour cuire et stériliser de façon low-tech des aliments. Généralement aux alentours de 150°C, la température intérieure peut atteindre jusqu'à 300°C en plein été tout en gardant ses parois froides. Pour garantir la longévité du tube, il est notamment conseillé d'éviter d'heurter le fond du tube durant l'utilisation, de respecter une phase de refroidissement en fin de cuisson et d'être doux et prudent lorsqu'on manipule le rack ou des bocaux. Si ce produit vous intéresse, il est possible de réaliser une commande groupée sur le site de cette association pour un achat à prix coutant.


Dans le cadre de ce tutoriel, nous nous concentrons seulement sur la réalisation du rack qui s’insère à l’intérieur d'un tube Pyrex de longueur 600mm et de diamètre 140 mm. Si la fabrication d'un support à ce tube vous intéresse, des plans sont disponibles sur le site de l'association "Du Soleil dans nos Assiettes" (position verticale et horizontale). L'équipe Sead Sailing propose quant à eux un tutoriel de support horizontal, adapté aux tubes Suntube en vente sur le site de Solar Brother.

Matériaux

Prévoir un tube inox de diamètre et longueur plus petit que le tube Pyrex en verre afin de limiter les risques de casse durant utilisation
  • Tube inox creux ⌀ 120 mm de 580 mm de longueur (type tuyau cheminée ou poêle)
  • 2 bouchons inox ⌀120 mm (type raccort de conduit de cheminée)
  • Poignée
  • Sonde de température
  • Liège en rouleau pour isolation

Outils

  • Meuleuse
  • Visseuse, perçeuse avec foret de ⌀ 3-4 mm
  • 3 vis et écrous inox ⌀ 4 mm
  • Machine à rivets
  • Rivets
  • Colle glue liquide
  • Ciseaux

Étape 1 - Bouchon avec poignée

  • Placer la poignée au centre du haut d’un des 2 bouchons. Repérer l’emplacement des 3 vis puis percer avec un foret ⌀ 4 mm
  • Fixer la poignée au bouchon avec 3 vis et écrous de ⌀ 4 mm

Installation de la sonde (cadran de ⌀ 5 mm, tige de ⌀ 3 mm)

  • Percer un trou de ⌀ 3 mm au centre du bouchon
  • Couper un disque de ⌀ 5 mm dans le rouleau en liège
  • Appliquer de la colle glue liquide sur la base de la tige de la sonde. Placer la sonde en insérant la tige à travers le liège et le trou du bouchon. Maintenir en position quelques minutes puis vérifier que la sonde est bien plaquée au liège



Étape 2 - Tube

  • A l'aide d'une meuleuse, couper en 2 le tube inox dans sa longueur et conserver l’une des 2 moitiés. On obtient un rack d'une hauteur de 60 mm



Étape 3 - Bouchon fin de rack

  • A l'aide d'une meuleuse, couper en 2 le tube du bouchon inox restant, en s'assurant de conserver l'intégralité du chapeau du bouchon (cf. photo)



Étape 4 - Assemblage

  • Insérer les bouchons à chaque extrémité du tube. S'assurer que la longueur final du rack est bien de 580 mm (cf. photo)
  • Riveter les bouchons au tube (rivets de ⌀ 3 mm)


Étape 5 - Retour d'expérience

Commentaires

Draft