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− | |Step_Content= | + | |Step_Content=It is possible to seed his pond with concentrated spirulina. Unlike pressed spirulina, spirulina has not been separated from its living environment. It has a very high concentration, it must be quickly transferred to its new growing basin. It should not remain more than 12 hours in transfer. |
− | * | + | * Gently transfer the concentrated spirulina into the basin, preferably in the evening. It is possible to pour the contents of the canister directly into the pond gently or to use an aquarium pump or a natural siphon. |
− | * | + | * Check the concentration and add culture medium if it is higher than 3 %. |
− | * | + | * Ensure good agitation during the first 4 days (but not at night) |
− | * | + | * Shade the pool for the first few days |
|Step_Picture_00=Culture_de_la_spiruline_ensemencement_transfert.jpg | |Step_Picture_00=Culture_de_la_spiruline_ensemencement_transfert.jpg | ||
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Tutorial de Low-tech Lab | Catégories : Alimentation
Domestic cultivation of a highly nutritious micro-algae
Domestic cultivation of a highly nutritious micro-algae
Alimentation, santé, culture, vivant, protéines, vert, agriculture, algue, Gilles Planchon, Low-tech Tour France, NomadeDesMers en fr 1
Spirulina is a micro-algae, more precisely a spiral cyanobacterium of about ¼ millimetres. It has thrived in hot, desert regions for more than three billion years. At the origin of plant and animal life, Spirulina has largely contributed to the creation of the earth's atmosphere by producing oxygen from carbon dioxide. If it is of particular interest to us today it is because it is also a super-food. Spirulina's rich constitution is due to the fact that its cell wall is made of protein. On the other hand, in the plant world, the cells have a cellulose wall, which is difficult to digest. Spirulina also has a high concentration of vitamins and iron. This ideal composition and its ease of assimilation make spirulina a food supplement coveted by great athletes. But Spirulina is sold expensive while it is simple and quick to grow. Its yield is very good: on the same space Spirulina produces five hundred times more protein than a cattle breeding. In the same way it takes about 13,500 litres of water to produce one kg of bovine proteins whereas only 2,500 litres are needed for micro-algae. Numerous associations and NGOs (Univers la Vie, Antenna, etc) cultivate it to fight against famine and malnutrition in the world. It exists in its natural state around the tropical belt (Peru, Mexico, Chad, Ethiopia, Madagascar, India...) and even in France, in the Camargue. The family culture makes it possible to integrate spirulina into its daily diet. The French Spirulina Federation recommends a consumption of fifty grams of fresh spirulina per day, or about 10 grams of dry spirulina. In this objective of local production, it is necessary to have 1m² of cultivation basin per person.
Preliminary information
The growing medium
Spirulina lives naturally in volcanic lakes, rich in salt and bicarbonate of soda, with a high PH, close to 10. This is its environment but not its food, as fish do not feed on sea salt. In the culture of spirulina, the objective is to recreate as close as possible the native environment of spirulina. In its natural state, Spirulina is rarely taken except by pickers and flamingos. In pond the harvests are much heavier, it is thus necessary to regularly bring food to the culture to allow its renewal. In the culture of spirulina, it is thus necessary to dissociate the culture environment from the living environment and the food:
culture medium = living environment + food
The development environment.
Spirulina lives naturally in warm climates. When the temperature of its living environment is below 18°C, it hibernates. From 20°C it starts to develop. From 30°C its production intensifies strongly. At 37°C, the optimal temperature of the environment, the population increases by a quarter every eight hours. Above 42°C, spirulina dies. In France, outdoor cultivation, with a translucent cap, is possible from mid-April. The deep green colour of spirulina is obtained by photosynthesis. For this, spirulina needs a strong luminosity but not a long exposure to the sun. It is important to shake the pool to prevent the spirulina on the surface from burning and to allow the deep ones to benefit from the light. The culture must be 20cm deep maximum so that all the spirulina can benefit from good sunlight.
The concentration
One of the health indicators of spirulina is its concentration. To measure it there is a very simple instrument: the Spirumeter or Secchi disk. It is a white disc at the end of an axis graduated in centimetres. The concentration of spirulina is measured by dipping the disc into the culture solution. When the disc disappears, the graduation on the surface is read, the Secchi concentration index. The lower the index, the more concentrated the spirulina is. For a healthy spirulina, the concentration should be between 2 and 4. At 2 it is very concentrated, it can be harvested. At 4 it is at its minimum cultivation concentration, for example after a harvest.
This tutorial is produced in collaboration with Gilles Planchon, a specialist in the domestic culture of spirulina, trainer and researcher on the natural living environments of microalgae.
Retrouvez ici la vidéo tuto et la construction d'un bassin de culture familiale.
Youtube
Spirumeter.
Medium of culture.
Mineral Food
or
Natural food
Spirumeter
Medium of culture
Mineral Food
Natural food
Seeding, cultivation and maintenance
WARNING If tap water: Shake (pump or bubbler) during ½ day: the chlorine in the water evaporates and the limestone precipitates with the bicarbonate of soda, when the living medium is transferred to the pool, the limestone remains at the bottom of the canister. If rainwater: filter
The rich composition of spirulina comes from its diet, it is mainly composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and iron. The food used in the family culture can be of mineral or natural origin. Mineral fertilizers obtained by chemical synthesis or by the exploitation of natural deposits are less ecological than natural food produced locally. Both preparations are presented.
Mineral Food The components of this preparation are agricultural fertilizers, they must be water-soluble. They can be found in agricultural cooperatives or garden stores. For about 10 litres of food (Milieu LIB from the book La Spiruline pour Tous - Culture Familiale') :
Or
Natural food The components of the mineral food are found in ideal proportions in the urine [1]. By adding a solution of iron oxide or "juice of rusty nails" spirulina benefits from a local and organic food ideal for its productivity and resistance. The high pH and salinity of the culture medium reduces the risk of contamination. However, only "organic" urine should be used, from people with a healthy diet (non-smokers, without medication or contraceptives). Human urine is now widely used in agriculture and many studies exist on the subject [2]. For 1 litre of urine-based food:
Jus de clous rouillés : pour 1litre de jus de clou
WARNING Prepare the iron solution at least 10 days before the starting date of spirulina culture. If you leave the nails more than 10 days in the solution, the iron oxide concentration will rise. It will be necessary to dilute the juice with water.
The basin was filled with the living environment in the previous stage. Now it is time to bring in the food:
Or
The culture medium is ready to welcome spirulina, you just have to get some. It is possible to get spirulina from anyone who has a family culture. It is also possible to contact a producer near you to know if he can supply fresh or concentrated spirulina (Gilles Planchon can make shipments to France). One kilogram of fresh pressed spirulina normally costs around 50€.
With freshly pressed spirulina, cultivation can begin as early as the harvesting phase, for this purpose a large quantity of unwashed spirulina must be introduced directly into the basin. It can be kept for 3 to 5 days in a refrigerator. It takes about 500g of freshly pressed spirulina to seed a 500 litre basin. A concentration of about 4cm will be obtained with a spirum meter. The first harvest will be possible one week later.
WARNING Foam indicates an increase in protein so spirulina that breaks: let it rest and shake more gently.
It is possible to seed his pond with concentrated spirulina. Unlike pressed spirulina, spirulina has not been separated from its living environment. It has a very high concentration, it must be quickly transferred to its new growing basin. It should not remain more than 12 hours in transfer.
Il est également possible de démarrer la culture de spiruline avec un plus petit volume et la mettre en croissance pour arriver au volume final du bassin. En conditions idéales, il faut 30 jours pour passer d’un litre de culture à 500 litres. La phase de croissance est plus économique car il faut très peu de spiruline au départ. La phase de croissance peut commencer en intérieur dès début Avril.
La spiruline a besoin d’une grande luminosité mais ne doit pas rester longtemps en exposition directe au soleil. Pour cela, il fait agiter le milieu de culture régulièrement dans la journée. La solution la plus simple est d’utiliser une pompe d’aquarium, que l’on trouve en animalerie. Une pompe idéale doit pouvoir faire passer le volume du bassin en une heure. Dans notre cas, la pompe a un débit de 1000l/heure pour un bassin de 500 litres.
ASTUCE Pour des petits volumes, l’agitation peut être faite à la main, avec une passoire, au moins quatre fois par jour.
Vérifier régulièrement la concentration de la spiruline, dans l’idéal une fois par jour.
Avec la chaleur du bassin, l’eau s’évapore mais la nourriture le sel et le bicarbonate de soude restent dans le bassin.
RAPPEL L’eau du robinet peut être calcaire, il faut l’adoucir ou utiliser de l’eau de pluie ou de l’eau osmosée (cf Préparer le milieu de culture : le milieu de vie).
La spiruline a besoin de beaucoup de lumière mais pas d’exposition directe au soleil fort.
ATTENTION Si la spiruline est exposée à une forte luminosité alors que le milieu de culture est à basse température, par exemple en sortie d’hiver, il y a un risque de photolyse (la spiruline se brise et meurt). Ombrer le bassin quand le milieu de culture est frais.
Avec le temps le bassin se charge en matière organique (spiruline morte, autres algues...). Pour garder un milieu de culture sain il faut en remplacer ¼ une à deux fois par an :
Lorsque la température extérieure devient trop faible pour la culture (température du bassin inférieur à 18°C) il faut mettre la culture en hivernage
Lorsque l’on se procure de la spiruline ou pour l’hivernage, on peut en mettre une partie, pressée mais non lavée, au réfrigérateur. On pourra la remettre en culture en suivant la phase d’ensemencement rapide.
ASTUCE La récolte est plus efficace le matin. Tant que le bassin n’a pas été agité, la spiruline est en plaques à la surface du bassin.
Récolter
ASTUCE Avec une pompe de 1000/heure et un bassin de 500 litres, on peut filtrer jusqu’à 125 litres soit environ 8 minutes de pompage
ATTENTION Contrôler la concentration pendant la phase de récolte, agiter le bassin et prélever un pichet, la concentration doit rester supérieure à 4. Si concentration inférieure, stopper la récolte et ombrer.
ATTENTION Une fois la spiruline récoltée, éviter de la toucher à la main, son milieu de culture (forte concentration de sel et de bicarbonate de soude) la protégeait des agressions bactériennes
ou
ATTENTION La spiruline respire la nuit, il ne faut pas la nourrir le soir. Privilégiez les récoltes le matin.
Pour plus d’information sur la culture familiale de la Spiruline :
Pour souches, matériels et produits nécessaires à la culture de spiruline ainsi que l'inscription aux formations :
Pour la construction bassin :
Autres références :
Published
Si vert : présence de chlorelle : ajouter du sel dans le milieu de culture Si marron : forte concentration de spiruline morte : ombrer
ATTENTION Une fois la spiruline récoltée, éviter de la toucher à la main, son milieu de culture (forte concentration de sel et de bicarbonate de soude) la protégeait des agressions bactériennes
Nourriture minérale, 200 ml pour 100 grammes de spiruline fraiche pressée ou Nourriture organique, 200 ml d’urine et 10 ml de solution de fer pour 100 grammes de spiruline fraiche pressée
ATTENTION
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