Solar lamp with reused lithium cells

Low-tech Lab

https://wiki.lowtechlab.org/wiki/Lampe_solaire_%C3%A0_batteries_lithium_r%C3%A9cup%C3%A9r%C3%A9es/en

Dernière modification le 12/02/2020

Difficulté

Very easy Très facile

Durée

2 hour(s) heure(s)

Coût

10 EUR (€)

Description

This tutorial allows you to make a solar lamp equipped with a USB charger. It uses lithium cells that are reused from a old or damaged laptop. This system, with a day of sunlight, can fully charge a smartphone and have 4 hours of light. This technology have been documented during a stopover of the " Nomade des Mers " expedition on the island of Luzong in the northern part of Philippines. The association Liter of Light has already installed this system since 6 years in remote villages which don't have access to electricity. They also organize training for the villagers in order to teach them how to fix the solar lamp ( already 500 000 lamps installed).

Sommaire

lampe, solaire, batterie lithium recyclées, récupération, batterie ordinateur portable, recyclage, cellules lithium usagées, NomadeDesMers, nomade des mers, NomadeDesMers

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Introduction

Lithium is a natural resource whose stocks are increasingly used for electric cars, telephones, and computers. This resource is gradually being depleted over time. Its increased use in battery manufacturing is mainly due to its ability to store more energy than nickel and cadmium. The replacement of electrical and electronic equipment is accelerating and it is becoming an increasingly important source of waste (DEEE: Waste electrical and electronic equipment). France currently produces 14kg to 24kg of electronic waste per inhabitant per year. This rate increases by about 4% per year. In 2009, only 32% of young French people aged between 18 and 34 years old, have once recycled their electronic waste. In the same year 2009, according to Eco-systèmes, from January to September 2009, 113,000 tonnes of CO2 were avoided through the recycling of 193,000 tonnes of DEEE, one of the four eco-organisations in the DEEE sector.

However, this waste has a high recycling potential. In particular, lithium present in the cells of computer batteries. When a computer battery fails, one or more cells are defective, but some remain in good condition and can be reused. From these cells it is possible to create a separate battery, which can be used to power an electric drill, recharge your phone or be connected to a solar panel to operate a lamp. By combining several cells it is also possible to form larger device storage batteries.

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Matériaux

• Used laptop battery

• Solar panel 5V-6V / 1-3W

• Charge and discharge regulator (ex: 4-8V 1A Mini Li-ion USB Arduino Battery Charger TP4056)

• DC/DC tension converter DC/DC booster MT3608 (electrical component that will transform the 3.7 V of the batteries into 5 V)

• High power LED Lamp (ex : LED boutons 3W )

• Switch (to open the circuit and cut off the light)

• Electric tape

• Box

Outils

Cells extraction

• Gloves (to avoid cutting with the plastic of the computer battery or with the nickel ribbons that connect the cells)
• Hammer
• Chisel
• Cutting pliers

For the lamp fabrication :

• Glue gun (and glue sticks)
• Heating gun or small torch
• Wood saw
• Screw driver

Récupération de batteries/fr

Étape 1 - How it works

This tutorial shows how to recover computer cells to make a new battery. Powered by a solar panel, or by a USB port, it will allow you to light an LED lamp.

The system works around three modules:

• the energy reception module: the solar panel and its charge controller

• the energy storage module: the battery

• the module that gives back the energy: the LED lamp and its voltage regulator

Energy Receiving Module: Photovoltaic Panel & Charge Controller

The photovoltaic panel concentrates the energy of the sun. It allows to recover its energy in order to store it in the battery. But be careful, the amount of energy received by the panel is irregular depending on the time of day, the weather... it is important to install a charge/discharge regulator between the panel and the battery. This will be protected against overload, among other things.

Energy storage module: the battery

It is composed of two lithium cells recovered from a computer. To put it in a nutshell, a battery is a bit like a box containing several batteries: each of them is a cell, a unit that supplies power to the device by electrochemical reaction.

The cells found in computers are lithium cells. They all have the same capacity to store energy, but their ability to make it is different for each. To form a battery from cells it is important that they all have the same ability to deliver energy. It is therefore necessary to measure the capacity of each cell to compose homogeneous batteries.

'Module that renders the energy: the LED lamp, the 5V USB port and its voltage converter

Our battery supplies us with 3.7V power and the LED lamps we used operate at the same voltage. In addition, the USB ports provide a voltage of 5V. We therefore need to transform the cell energy from 3.7V to 5V: using a voltage converter called DC/DC booster

Étape 2 - Manufacturing stages

1) Removing the cells from the computer battery

2) Measure voltage of cells

3) Realisation of the 3 modules

• solar panel + charge regulator

• battery

• LED light + charge regulator

4) Link of the 3 modules :

• solar panel + charge regulator

• the battery

• LED light + charge regulator

5) Build a box

6) Integration of modules in the box

Étape 3 - Removing the cells from the computer battery

For this part we suggest you to look at the following tutorial : Récupération de batteries

• Put on gloves to protect your hands

• Put in place the battery, and open it with a hammer and a chisel

• Isolate each cells by removing every other parts. (image 2)

Étape 4 - Measure voltage of cells and ther capacity

For this part we suggest you to look at the following tutorial : Récupération de batteries

Voltage measure:

We start by measuring the voltage of each cells in order to check if they are working properly. Every cells that have a voltage lower than 3V will not be able to be used in this project and should be recycle

• Using a multimeter, in DC mode, measure each cells and check the one that are usable ofr the project.

Be carreful : If the computer battery seems to have liquid on the outside, do not open the box, lithium is harmful in high dose.

Measure the capacity :

To measure the capacity of a cell, we have to charge it to the maximum and then discharge it. Those cells are lithium based, and need a specific charge and discharge system, ususally the maximale charge is 4,2 V and the minimum is 3V. Going over those limits will damage the cell.

• Use a PowerBank : it will alow you to charge many cells at once with a USB port.

• Charge the cells and wait until the charge is complete (all the light should be on), it will be done in about 24 hours. (image 3)

• The cells will be charge at their maximum (4,2V), now we have to discharge them.

• You should use an Imax B6 : a tool that allow to discharge the cells and check their capacity.

• How to use the tool

• the voltage : it will ask you which type of cells you would like to check, you should choose the lithium one. It will automatically regulate the discharge at 3V minimum.

• the intensity : set to 1A in order to have a quick and secure discharge. In this condition, the discharge should take between 1 hour and 1 hour and half.

• Connect the magnet to the crocodile clips, then connect to the cell, the magnet help to let the current pass through the Imax B6 to the cells. (image 4)

• Discharge the cells until they are completely empty.

• Note the capacity on the cell. The higher the better.

• Sort your cells by capacity : <1000 mA, between 1000-1300, 1300-1500 and >1800 mA.

Remark : It is important to do homogeneous batteries, with cells that have a similar capacity

Étape 5 - Realisation of the 3 different modules

Module 1 : Solar panel and charge regulator

• Use a black and a red wire, use a pliers to stripe the wires.

• Soldier the red wire on the positif side of the panel and the black on on the negative side.

• The charge regulator has 2 inputs : IN- and IN+ (which are indicated on the component).

• Weld the red wire (positive) with the IN+ input of the charge regulator and the black wire (negative) with the IN- input (image 5).

Module 2 : Battery

• Insert the lithium cell in the battery holder.

Module 3 : LED / USB converter

The voltage converter DC/DC has two inputs and two outputs :

Inputs : VIN + and VIN - / Outputs : OUT + and OUT -

• Take two wires (red and black).

• Weld the red wire with the VIN+ input of the voltage converter and the black wire with the VIN- input.

The LED has two input wires : one positive and one negative.

Caution: Wire polarity is not indicated on the LED. In order to identify it, use an ohmmeter. The wire is positive when it displays a null value. When it displays a higher value, the wire is negative.

• Weld the LED positive wire to the OUT+ output of the voltage converter and the LED negative wire to the OUT- output. (image 7)

Étape 6 - Connection of the 3 modules

The charge regulator has 2 inputs : IN- and IN+ (which are indicated on the component).

• Weld the red wire of the solar pannel (positive) to the IN+ input of the charge regulator and the black wire (negative) to the IN- input.

• The charge regulator has 2 inputs : B- and B+ (which are indicated on the component).

• Weld the red wire of the battery holder (positive) to the B+ input of the charge regulator and the black wire (negative) to the B- input.

• Weld the red wire (positive) of the USB/LED converter module to the OUT+ output of the charge regulator. Weld the black wire (negative) to the OUT- output. Remark : The electric circuit is now closed and the light turns on.

• Cut the positive wire connecting the regulator to the converter in order to open the circuit and weld the switch in series. It will be used to open and close the circuit.

Étape 7 - Building the case - Version 1

Version 1 : Tupperware

This design originates from Open Green Energy, do not hesitate to consult the original tutorial. We are sharing it because it seems really interesting. However, the case shall be adapted to our circuit, in particular for the USB output. We will propose soon our own model inspired from this design.

Étape 8 - Building the case - Version 2

Version 2 : Large size thermoformed bottle

This model allows the circuits to be completely waterproof, but requires specific materiel described below.

• One 5L water can
• Plywood boards (or raw wood) between 1 and 2cm thick
• A cleat, minimum length 80cm, width between 3 et 5 cm

Building the two bases :

These are the two ends of the lampe, the upper hosts the solar panel on one side and the electric circuit on the the other. The lower end is used to close the lamp and seal it impermeably.

Cut out 2 boards of 15/13cm and 2 boards of 11/13cm. Overlay each small board on a biger one, paying attention to place it at the exact center of the big board. Each pair of boards will be screwed later.

For waterproofness, it is better to varnish the boards beforehand .

Building the mold :

In the cleat, cut out 4 portions of about 20cm. Place them in each corner of one of the already cut small board (11/13cm) and screw each cleat portion with the board. Place the other small board at the other end of the four portions and screw them in the same way. The result is a cuboid of dimensions 11/13/20, which will be used to thermoform the plastic bottle.

Thermoforming of the lamp envelopp

Découper le fond de la bouteille de 5L et y insérer le moule verticalement (le côté de 20cm dans la longueur de la bouteille).

Chauffer doucement au décapeur thermique chaque face du rectangle (le décapeur doit être à environ 10 cm de la bouteille). Une fois que la bouteille a pris la forme du modèle, continuer à chauffer pour effacer les motifs et bien tendre le plastique.

Attention à ne pas chauffer trop près du plastique ou trop longtemps au même endroit pour éviter la formation de bulles.

En laissant la bouteille déformée sur le moule, couper proprement au ras du moule le haut de la bouteille et refaire une découpe propre à environ 17 cm de la première.

Une fois les découpes effectuées, dévisser les tasseaux des deux côtés afin de pouvoir démouler la forme (le retrait du plastique aura provoqué un serrage important du moule).

A chaque extrémités de la bouteille déformée, replier à 90° vers l’intérieur des languettes d’une largeur d’environ 1 cm biseautées de chaque côté (voir photo). Celles-ci viendront s’immiscer entre les deux planchettes de chaque socle afin d’améliorer l’étanchéité de la lampe. Pour pouvoir plier correctement les languettes, tracer une fine ligne au cutter à l’intérieur puis plier à la main.

Une fois le corps de la lampe terminé, il ne manque plus qu’à intégrer le circuit électrique.

Pour cela, reprendre une des petites planchettes utilisées pour le moule (11/13cm) et y visser tous les composants comme désiré, sachant qu’un minimum de symétrie permet de garantir l’équilibre de l’objet (voici en photo un exemple de disposition).

A l’aide d’un marqueur tracer sur l’enveloppe en plastique l’emplacement du bouton ON/OFF et de la prise USB et faire les trous correspondant.

Placer la planche avec le circuit à l’intérieur de l’enveloppe en plastique puis visser une des planches de 15/13cm dessous en prenant soin de bien coincer les languettes entre les deux planches.

Pour que la lampe soit démontable mettre les têtes de vis à l’intérieur et prévoir des vis plus petites qu’une double épaisseur de planche.

Fixation du panneau solaire :

Placer le panneau sur la grande planchette, déterminer l’emplacement des sorties + et – du panneau et faire un trou d’environ 5mm à cet endroit dans les deux planchettes (vérifier qu’aucun composant n’est à cet endroit auquel cas il faudra décaler le trou suffisamment).

Faire passer les fils venant du contrôleur de charge dans ce trou et les souder aux sorties correspondantes.

Pour coller l’idéal est d’utiliser un tissu fin collé à la planchette puis d’y coller le panneau (à la super glu par exemple).

Pour le socle de la lampe faire de même de l’autre côté ; placer la petite planchette à l’intérieur de l’enveloppe puis y visser la grande en prenant soin de coincer les languettes entre les deux.

Pour l’étanchéité de la prise USB, agrafer un petit rectangle de chambre à air de vélo est largement suffisant.

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