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− | {{ | + | {{Tuto Details |
|Main_Picture=Hydroponie_IMG_2667.JPG | |Main_Picture=Hydroponie_IMG_2667.JPG | ||
|Licences=Attribution (CC BY) | |Licences=Attribution (CC BY) | ||
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|Cost=50 | |Cost=50 | ||
|Currency=EUR (€) | |Currency=EUR (€) | ||
− | |Tags=Hydroponie, Agriculture urbaine, culture, Bioponie, plantes, légumes, NomadeDesMers, | + | |Tags=Hydroponie, Agriculture urbaine, culture, Bioponie, plantes, légumes, NomadeDesMers, urine, organique, hydroponics, jardin intérieur |
|SourceLanguage=fr | |SourceLanguage=fr | ||
|Language=en | |Language=en | ||
|IsTranslation=1 | |IsTranslation=1 | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {{ | + | {{Introduction |
|Introduction=Hydroponics is the cultivation of plants and vegetation above ground and in water. The roots are immersed in a neutral and inert substrate (such as clay balls, sand...) which serves as a support. They directly capture the nutrients necessary for their growth in water enriched with a nutrient solution. Unlike conventional hydroponics, bioponics (hydroponics+organic) allows fruits and vegetables to be grown organically without the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers. These are replaced by organic fertilizers such as manure, earthworm, urine or compost juice. | |Introduction=Hydroponics is the cultivation of plants and vegetation above ground and in water. The roots are immersed in a neutral and inert substrate (such as clay balls, sand...) which serves as a support. They directly capture the nutrients necessary for their growth in water enriched with a nutrient solution. Unlike conventional hydroponics, bioponics (hydroponics+organic) allows fruits and vegetables to be grown organically without the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers. These are replaced by organic fertilizers such as manure, earthworm, urine or compost juice. | ||
− | In biopony, the nutrient solution is not sterile and bacteria, micro-organisms and fungi can develop. These active micro-organisms will make it possible to transform certain substances such as ammonia into nitrate, one of the nutrients essential for plant growth. In our case we use an organic solution by mixing water with human urine (1% urine in relation to the volume of water). | + | In biopony, the nutrient solution is not sterile and bacteria, micro-organisms and fungi can develop. These active micro-organisms will make it possible to transform certain substances such as ammonia into nitrate, one of the nutrients essential for plant growth. In our case we use an organic solution by mixing water with human urine ('''1% urine in relation to the volume of water'''). |
"'Hydroponics has many advantages in certain contexts:"' | "'Hydroponics has many advantages in certain contexts:"' | ||
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* The environment being humid and hot, bacteria or diseases can spread very quickly. Hydroponics requires particular and daily attention to the health of plants. | * The environment being humid and hot, bacteria or diseases can spread very quickly. Hydroponics requires particular and daily attention to the health of plants. | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {{ | + | {{TutoVideo |
|VideoType=Youtube | |VideoType=Youtube | ||
|VideoURLYoutube=https://youtu.be/T_qywsqM2UA | |VideoURLYoutube=https://youtu.be/T_qywsqM2UA | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {{ | + | {{Materials |
|Material=1. Crop gutters | |Material=1. Crop gutters | ||
− | + | * Cleats (minimum width 10cm) | |
− | |||
* Plastic sheeting | * Plastic sheeting | ||
* Staples | * Staples | ||
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{{Info|Prefer the small clay balls, they are heavier and will allow a better maintenance of the roots | {{Info|Prefer the small clay balls, they are heavier and will allow a better maintenance of the roots | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | |||
* Brackets | * Brackets | ||
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* Cutter or scissors | * Cutter or scissors | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {{ | + | {{Tuto Step |
|Step_Title=Manufacture of culture gutters | |Step_Title=Manufacture of culture gutters | ||
− | |Step_Content=The system used measures 2m long by 50cm wide. The skeleton is made up of 4 cleats / bamboos fixed in parallel at a distance of 15 cm thanks to wooden cleats. It is covered with an agricultural cover (width 1m) so as to form 3 gutters about 10cm deep. These gutters are filled with clay balls. An aquarium pump immersed in the biofilter tank propels the nutrient solution from the top side of these gutters (inclination of about 10 degrees) so that it flows through the clay balls until it returns to the storage tank (biofilter). The table is about 1.2m high (ergonomic for taking care of plants). A shade screen is attached like a skirt on the sides to protect the biofilters, nutrient solution storage tank and mushroom farm from the sun. | + | |Step_Content=The system used measures 2m long by 50cm wide. The skeleton is made up of 4 cleats / bamboos fixed in parallel at a distance of 15 cm thanks to wooden cleats. It is covered with an agricultural cover (width 1m) so as to form 3 gutters about 10cm deep. These gutters are filled with clay balls. An aquarium pump immersed in the biofilter tank propels the nutrient solution from the top side of these gutters (inclination of about 10 degrees) so that it flows through the clay balls until it returns to the storage tank (biofilter). The table is about 1.2m high (ergonomic for taking care of plants). A shade screen is attached like a skirt on the sides to protect the biofilters, nutrient solution storage tank and mushroom farm from the sun. |
# Manufacturing of the support | # Manufacturing of the support | ||
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|Step_Picture_04=Hydroponie_IMG_2678.JPG | |Step_Picture_04=Hydroponie_IMG_2678.JPG | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {{ | + | {{Tuto Step |
|Step_Title=Filter and Biofilter | |Step_Title=Filter and Biofilter | ||
|Step_Content=Once passed through the plants, the water flows into two separate tanks: the filter and the biofilter. | |Step_Content=Once passed through the plants, the water flows into two separate tanks: the filter and the biofilter. | ||
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- The purpose of the filter is to block all coarse particles that could block the pumps (root and leaf residues, erosion of clay balls, etc.). The filter has three stages of filtration, from the finest to the coarsest. | - The purpose of the filter is to block all coarse particles that could block the pumps (root and leaf residues, erosion of clay balls, etc.). The filter has three stages of filtration, from the finest to the coarsest. | ||
− | - The biofilter constitutes the water reservoir, to which is added about a quarter of the volume in clay beads. These serve as a culture medium for bacteria that will allow the transformation of natural inputs (urine, compost juice, etc.) into nutrients that can be assimilated by plants. In particular, the transformation of ammonia into nitrite and then nitrate, essential for foliar development (leaf development). Bacteria develop naturally after 6 weeks or can be purchased in culture at hydroponics sites. | + | - The biofilter constitutes the water reservoir, to which is added about a quarter of the volume in clay beads. These serve as a culture medium for bacteria that will allow the transformation of natural inputs (urine, compost juice, etc.) into nutrients that can be assimilated by plants. In particular, the transformation of ammonia into nitrite and then nitrate, essential for foliar development (leaf development). Bacteria develop naturally after 6 weeks or can be purchased in culture at hydroponics sites. |
− | For their proper development, bacteria need: | + | For their proper development, bacteria need: |
* of moisture, provided by water | * of moisture, provided by water | ||
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* of food, natural inputs | * of food, natural inputs | ||
− | For our part, we only use human urine as an input (1mL/1L of water) | + | <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> |
+ | For our part, we only use human urine as an input (1mL/1L of water) | ||
+ | </div> | ||
{{Info|If you use chemical inputs (not so good...) you won't need a biofilter.}} | {{Info|If you use chemical inputs (not so good...) you won't need a biofilter.}} | ||
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2. Biofilter | 2. Biofilter | ||
− | * | + | * Fill the second tank with water (40L) and add about a quarter of the volume of water in clay balls (10L) |
− | In our system, the clay beads of the biofilter are replaced by plastic beads that are also good nests for bacteria (but not natural). | + | <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> |
+ | {{Info|In our system, the clay beads of the biofilter are replaced by plastic beads that are also good nests for bacteria (but not natural).}} | ||
+ | </div> | ||
|Step_Picture_00=Hydroponie_IMG_2663.JPG | |Step_Picture_00=Hydroponie_IMG_2663.JPG | ||
|Step_Picture_01=Hydroponie_IMG_2701.JPG | |Step_Picture_01=Hydroponie_IMG_2701.JPG | ||
|Step_Picture_02=Culture_en_hydroponie_IMG-20190216-WA0000.jpg | |Step_Picture_02=Culture_en_hydroponie_IMG-20190216-WA0000.jpg | ||
+ | |Step_Picture_03=Hydroponie_Dessin_hydroponie2.jpg | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {{ | + | {{Tuto Step |
|Step_Title=Irrigation system and bubbler | |Step_Title=Irrigation system and bubbler | ||
− | |Step_Content=After being filtered, oxygenated and recharged with nutrients, the water is ready to be re-injected into the system. For this purpose, a small submersible pump is used. The power of the pump depends on the size of your system. | + | |Step_Content=After being filtered, oxygenated and recharged with nutrients, the water is ready to be re-injected into the system. For this purpose, a small submersible pump is used. The power of the pump depends on the size of your system. |
+ | |||
*Measure a length of plastic pipe (of a diameter suitable for your pump) from the biofilter to the end of the gutters. | *Measure a length of plastic pipe (of a diameter suitable for your pump) from the biofilter to the end of the gutters. | ||
*Connect one end to the pump and the other to a 4-way nozzle (to be adapted according to the number of gutters), placed at the end of the gutters | *Connect one end to the pump and the other to a 4-way nozzle (to be adapted according to the number of gutters), placed at the end of the gutters | ||
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*Connect pipes to the outlets of the nozzle to irrigate all gutters. | *Connect pipes to the outlets of the nozzle to irrigate all gutters. | ||
*Immerse the pump in the biofilter | *Immerse the pump in the biofilter | ||
− | *Immerse the bubbler in the biofilter | + | *Immerse the bubbler in the biofilter |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
|Step_Picture_00=Culture_en_hydroponie_IMG_20190216_091357.jpg | |Step_Picture_00=Culture_en_hydroponie_IMG_20190216_091357.jpg | ||
|Step_Picture_01=Hydroponie_IMG_2703.JPG | |Step_Picture_01=Hydroponie_IMG_2703.JPG | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {{ | + | {{Tuto Step |
|Step_Title=Control system | |Step_Title=Control system | ||
|Step_Content=In order to gain in autonomy, it is possible to install a timer system thanks to a programmable electrical socket or an arduino allowing to program the starting of the pump and the bubbler. | |Step_Content=In order to gain in autonomy, it is possible to install a timer system thanks to a programmable electrical socket or an arduino allowing to program the starting of the pump and the bubbler. | ||
+ | |||
* Indeed, for a better development of the plants, it is advisable to proceed to a regular watering alternated with dry breaks. This water stress will strengthen the roots. | * Indeed, for a better development of the plants, it is advisable to proceed to a regular watering alternated with dry breaks. This water stress will strengthen the roots. | ||
+ | |||
For this purpose, we recommend that the pump be switched on for 30 minutes every 2 hours during the day. No watering at night. | For this purpose, we recommend that the pump be switched on for 30 minutes every 2 hours during the day. No watering at night. | ||
+ | |||
* The biofilter needs to be aerated regularly for good growth and survival of bacteria. | * The biofilter needs to be aerated regularly for good growth and survival of bacteria. | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | '''We recommend lighting the bubbler for 1 minute every 5 minutes, 24 hours a day.''' | |
− | ''' | + | '''Arduino control system: ''' |
− | |||
− | Arduino control system: | ||
[[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]] | [[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]] | ||
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<br /> | <br /> | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {{ | + | {{Tuto Step |
|Step_Title=Crop selection and harvesting | |Step_Title=Crop selection and harvesting | ||
|Step_Content=Not all crops are suitable for hydroponics. It is easier, especially without chemical fertilizers, to prefer leafy vegetables (lettuce, cabbage, spinach, sweet potatoes...) and herbs (mint, basil, coriander). | |Step_Content=Not all crops are suitable for hydroponics. It is easier, especially without chemical fertilizers, to prefer leafy vegetables (lettuce, cabbage, spinach, sweet potatoes...) and herbs (mint, basil, coriander). | ||
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*Vérifier régulièrement la couleur des feuilles: si celles-ci jaunissent, cela peut être dû à un arrosage excessif, un manque de nutriments, un mauvais pH ou un trop fort ensoleillement. | *Vérifier régulièrement la couleur des feuilles: si celles-ci jaunissent, cela peut être dû à un arrosage excessif, un manque de nutriments, un mauvais pH ou un trop fort ensoleillement. | ||
+ | <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> | ||
* Transplant the shoots at the end of the day. | * Transplant the shoots at the end of the day. | ||
* Transplant the shoots when they have at least 5 leaves. Then you have to water. | * Transplant the shoots when they have at least 5 leaves. Then you have to water. | ||
* Cuttings: for mint and sweet potatoes, for example, cut one or more branches. Remove the leaves on about 2/3 of the branch. Bury this cleared area under the clay balls. Then you have to water. | * Cuttings: for mint and sweet potatoes, for example, cut one or more branches. Remove the leaves on about 2/3 of the branch. Bury this cleared area under the clay balls. Then you have to water. | ||
* Harvest in the morning, shortly after sunrise. Choose the oldest, most damaged leaves or leaves that develop in parallel with auxiliary shoots. | * Harvest in the morning, shortly after sunrise. Choose the oldest, most damaged leaves or leaves that develop in parallel with auxiliary shoots. | ||
+ | </div> | ||
|Step_Picture_00=Hydroponie_IMG_2648.JPG | |Step_Picture_00=Hydroponie_IMG_2648.JPG | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {{ | + | {{Notes |
− | |Notes=Système de commande Arduino: [[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]] | + | |Notes=<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> |
+ | *FAO's detailed report on small-scale aquaponics: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4021e.pdf | ||
+ | *Antroponics: specialized website on the experimentation of human urine in hydroponics: http://anthroponics.com/ | ||
+ | *Arduino control system: [[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]] | ||
+ | </div> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Utilisation de l'urine comme fertilisant==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1L d’urine contient en moyenne 6g d’azote, 1g de phosphore (directement assimilable) et 2g de potassium. L'azote est sous forme d'urée, qui va être transformée en ammoniac au contact de l'air. C'est cette étape qui produit l'odeur que l'on associe à l'urine, mais elle est éliminée par l'action des micro-organismes ou par un stockage sans contact avec l'air. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Les plantes sont capables d'assimiler l'azote sous deux formes : ammonium NH4+ et nitrate NO3-, avec une préférence donnée aux nitrates dans la plupart des cas. Le biofiltre permet cette transformation. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Il est important de diluer l'azote pour éviter une concentration trop forte en sels. | ||
+ | ===Références=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Rapport détaillé de la FAO sur l'aquaponie à petite échelle : http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4021e.pdf | ||
+ | *[http://anthroponics.com/ Antroponics] : site spécialisé sur l'expérimentation de l'urine humaine dans l'hydroponie. | ||
+ | *Livre de Léon-Hugo Bonte, ''[https://unpotagerdanslamaison.com/2018/06/01/un-potager-dans-la-maison-livre/ Un potager bio dans la maison]'', 2019. | ||
+ | *Système de commande Arduino : [[Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr]] | ||
+ | *Les Sourciers, chaine Youtube spécialisée en hydroponie et aquaponie. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Comme tout le travail du Low-tech Lab, '''ce tutoriel est participatif''', n'hésitez pas à ajouter les modifications qui vous semblent importantes, et à partager vos réalisations en commentaires. '''Si vous souhaitez nous aider, vous pouvez répondre à [https://framaforms.org/votre-avis-sur-ce-tutoriel-du-low-tech-lab-1589450161 ce formulaire]. Que vous ayiez ou non réalisé cette low-tech, votre réponse nous permettra d'améliorer nos tutoriels. Merci d'avance pour votre aide !'''<br /> | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | {{PageLang | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {{ | + | {{Tuto Status |
|Complete=Published | |Complete=Published | ||
}} | }} | ||
− | {{ | + | {{Separator}} |
Tutorial de Low-tech Lab | Catégories : Alimentation
This tutorial aims to introduce hydroponics and how to build an individual system. This technology was documented during a stopover in Singapore of the "Nomade des Mers" expedition. We met Comcrop, a company that grows aromatic plants (basil, mint...) on an area that is usually unused and worthless: the roofs of buildings!
This tutorial aims to introduce hydroponics and how to build an individual system. This technology was documented during a stopover in Singapore of the "Nomade des Mers" expedition. We met Comcrop, a company that grows aromatic plants (basil, mint...) on an area that is usually unused and worthless: the roofs of buildings!
Hydroponie, Agriculture urbaine, culture, Bioponie, plantes, légumes, NomadeDesMers, urine, organique, hydroponics, jardin intérieur en fr 1
Hydroponics is the cultivation of plants and vegetation above ground and in water. The roots are immersed in a neutral and inert substrate (such as clay balls, sand...) which serves as a support. They directly capture the nutrients necessary for their growth in water enriched with a nutrient solution. Unlike conventional hydroponics, bioponics (hydroponics+organic) allows fruits and vegetables to be grown organically without the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers. These are replaced by organic fertilizers such as manure, earthworm, urine or compost juice.
In biopony, the nutrient solution is not sterile and bacteria, micro-organisms and fungi can develop. These active micro-organisms will make it possible to transform certain substances such as ammonia into nitrate, one of the nutrients essential for plant growth. In our case we use an organic solution by mixing water with human urine (1% urine in relation to the volume of water).
"'Hydroponics has many advantages in certain contexts:"'
"'But hydroponics can also have disadvantages:"'
Youtube
1. Crop gutters
2. Irrigation system
3. Filter and bio-filter
Modèle:In order to ensure homogeneity of the water in terms of nutrients and temperature, we recommend using about 40L of water per square meter of cultivation. 4. Control system
The system used measures 2m long by 50cm wide. The skeleton is made up of 4 cleats / bamboos fixed in parallel at a distance of 15 cm thanks to wooden cleats. It is covered with an agricultural cover (width 1m) so as to form 3 gutters about 10cm deep. These gutters are filled with clay balls. An aquarium pump immersed in the biofilter tank propels the nutrient solution from the top side of these gutters (inclination of about 10 degrees) so that it flows through the clay balls until it returns to the storage tank (biofilter). The table is about 1.2m high (ergonomic for taking care of plants). A shade screen is attached like a skirt on the sides to protect the biofilters, nutrient solution storage tank and mushroom farm from the sun.
2. Water recovery
The water system operates in a closed circuit. The water is pumped into the biofilter that serves as a reservoir, exits at one end of the gutter and is recollected at the other end before passing through a filter and returning to the initial reservoir.
In order to recover the water, the tarpaulin is pierced very finely (to prevent the clay balls from escaping) at the opposite end of the water inlet. Below this end, another tarpaulin is stapled to form a pocket to collect and channel the water before it flows into the filter.
Once passed through the plants, the water flows into two separate tanks: the filter and the biofilter.
- The purpose of the filter is to block all coarse particles that could block the pumps (root and leaf residues, erosion of clay balls, etc.). The filter has three stages of filtration, from the finest to the coarsest.
- The biofilter constitutes the water reservoir, to which is added about a quarter of the volume in clay beads. These serve as a culture medium for bacteria that will allow the transformation of natural inputs (urine, compost juice, etc.) into nutrients that can be assimilated by plants. In particular, the transformation of ammonia into nitrite and then nitrate, essential for foliar development (leaf development). Bacteria develop naturally after 6 weeks or can be purchased in culture at hydroponics sites.
For their proper development, bacteria need:
For our part, we only use human urine as an input (1mL/1L of water)
2. Biofilter
After being filtered, oxygenated and recharged with nutrients, the water is ready to be re-injected into the system. For this purpose, a small submersible pump is used. The power of the pump depends on the size of your system.
In order to gain in autonomy, it is possible to install a timer system thanks to a programmable electrical socket or an arduino allowing to program the starting of the pump and the bubbler.
For this purpose, we recommend that the pump be switched on for 30 minutes every 2 hours during the day. No watering at night.
We recommend lighting the bubbler for 1 minute every 5 minutes, 24 hours a day.
Arduino control system:
Gestion énergétique d'un système d'hydroponie/fr
Not all crops are suitable for hydroponics. It is easier, especially without chemical fertilizers, to prefer leafy vegetables (lettuce, cabbage, spinach, sweet potatoes...) and herbs (mint, basil, coriander).
"Plant" them in the clay balls, making sure that the roots are well immersed.
"It is always necessary to integrate the plants after sowing or cutting them so that they have developed a long and strong root system. "
Some advice:
1L d’urine contient en moyenne 6g d’azote, 1g de phosphore (directement assimilable) et 2g de potassium. L'azote est sous forme d'urée, qui va être transformée en ammoniac au contact de l'air. C'est cette étape qui produit l'odeur que l'on associe à l'urine, mais elle est éliminée par l'action des micro-organismes ou par un stockage sans contact avec l'air.
Les plantes sont capables d'assimiler l'azote sous deux formes : ammonium NH4+ et nitrate NO3-, avec une préférence donnée aux nitrates dans la plupart des cas. Le biofiltre permet cette transformation.
Il est important de diluer l'azote pour éviter une concentration trop forte en sels.
Comme tout le travail du Low-tech Lab, ce tutoriel est participatif, n'hésitez pas à ajouter les modifications qui vous semblent importantes, et à partager vos réalisations en commentaires. Si vous souhaitez nous aider, vous pouvez répondre à ce formulaire. Que vous ayiez ou non réalisé cette low-tech, votre réponse nous permettra d'améliorer nos tutoriels. Merci d'avance pour votre aide !
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