Cette page fournit une interface de navigation pour trouver toutes les valeurs d’une propriété et une page donnée. D’autres interfaces de recherche disponibles incluent la recherche de propriété, et le constructeur de requête ask.
Liste de résultats
- * Install a manhole at the bottom of the … * Install a manhole at the bottom of the filter that collects the drained water. * Install in the manhole a stop-start system (overflow) to keep the basin full of water. The water level needs to come to a few centimeters lower than the gravel. You will need to dig into the gravel to have access to the water. nto the gravel to have access to the water. +
- * Install a manhole at the top of the fil … * Install a manhole at the top of the filter as an inlet for the polluted wastewater. * Inside the manhole, install a 3-way valve to distribute the water between the two beds. * Install a manhole at the bottom of the filter that collects the drained water. the filter that collects the drained water. +
- * Lay down a geotextile * Install an EPDM lining which will achieve watertightness. * Lay down a geotextile * Install a pass-through fitting on the EPDM lining in the bottom of the filter +
- * Lay down a geotextile * Install an EPDM lining which will achieve watertightness. * Lay down a geotextile * Install a pass-through fitting on the EPDM lining in the lower end of the filter +
- ?? > * Install a drain split toward the bottom in the base of the filter with a T toward the pass-through fitting. * Fill with 40cm of gravel (granule size 4/8mm). +
- As the top of the horizontal filter must b … As the top of the horizontal filter must be lower than the floor of the vertical filter, this filter is carved into the earth. * Dig out the horizontal filter to 60cm x 2m x PE in meters. * Cover lightly with sand to create a flat floor with a slight slope (≈1%) in the direction of the infiltration zone.in the direction of the infiltration zone. +
- As the water in the horizontal flow filter … As the water in the horizontal flow filter has already been separated from some of the organic material, the purifying plants can be a bit less durable than the reeds, while remaining hardy and adapted to an aquatic environment. Generally, the benefit of the filter is that it increases biodiversity and introduces plants that flower during different periods of the year. The planting density should be 6 plants/m² The following plants are beneficial in these planted filters: * Broadleaf Cattail (Typha Latifolia) *Branched Bur-Reed (Sparganium erectum) * Common Water Plantain (Alisma plantago) * Lakeshore Bulrush (Schoenoplectus lacustris) * Water Mint (Mentha Aquatica) * Iris (Iris pseudocorus) * Purple Loosestrife ( Lythrum salicaria) * Purple Loosestrife ( Lythrum salicaria) +
- At the exit of the horizontal flow filter, … At the exit of the horizontal flow filter, the water is assimilable by the natural environment. The ability of the soil to purify and absorb the water is very important to its surface layer: the topsoil. The objective is for the water to slowly enter the aquatic environment (the water table or streams). The infiltration must therefore be made on the surface. * Install a drain connected to the outlet of the horizontal filter. * Fill with gravel If the soil does not permit infiltration because it is too clayey or compact, the outlet may be a dry well or go directly into a stream. These solutions remain, however, to be used very occasionally and with great precaution since the aquatic environment is particularly sensitive to disruptions generated by the introduction of water concentrated with minerals.ction of water concentrated with minerals. +
- Depending on the characteristics of the te … Depending on the characteristics of the terrain * Dig, build, or construct from wood the structure of the vertical filter at 90cm x 2m x [PE number in meters] * Cover lightly with sand to create a flat floor with a slight slope (≈1%) in the direction of the second filter. * For construction dug into the ground, set a root-resistant barrier down.ground, set a root-resistant barrier down. +
- Install a slotted drainpipe at the bottom … Install a slotted drainpipe at the bottom of the filter with a T leading to the pass-through fitting. * Install a ventilation shaft on the top end of the drain and a plug on the other. * Fill with 20cm of gravel (granule size 10/20 mm). * Separate the two beds by installing a dividing wall 60cm high along the width of the VF. * Fill with 30cm of gravel (granule size 4/8mm). *Fill with 20cm of washed silica sand (granule size 0/2 mm). * Install the supply pipes at the outlet of the 3-way valve, one for each bed. * Under the outlet of the supply pipes, place a stone or a tile to ensure that the inflow of water does not carve into the substrate.f water does not carve into the substrate. +
- Planted filters require very minimal maint … Planted filters require very minimal maintenance, and, if there is any, most commonly calls for gardening. During the winter, the overground part of the plants is going to dry out, but this doesn't stop the root system and its associated bacteria from functioning properly. For aesthetic purposes and to encourage vegetative recovery, it is necessary to cut these dry parts at the start of springtime. These materials are ideal for compost or making mulch. In the past, reeds were also used to cover thatched cottage roofs. With water toilets, wastewater is full of a lot more organic matter than in dry or composting toilets, in which wastewater is nearly non-existent. This material will compost on the vertical filter and accumulate with time. Every 10 to 20 years, a few centimeters of settled organic matter should be collected, which will make a very good amendment for the soil. It is recommended to undertake a supplementary compost cycle for this material because it will be overrun with reed rhizomes. The rise in temperature provoked by the degradation of the manure will destroy the germs. During the first months of use of the planted filters, it is recommended to introduce compost to the vertical filter, which kicks off the bacterial activity and covers up the "first travelers" through the filter. Down the road, the plants will entirely mask the polluted wastewater inlet and no odor will be able to escape the plant wall. For good decontamination and to avoid fermentation, alternate the usage of the vertical filter beds from one week to the next. After each week of use, change the filtration bed using the valve set. === Produits d’entretiens et toxicité phytosanitaire === Sanitation via planted filters encourages the use of products that are respectful to the environment, and that's a good thing. Many simplified products exist for house cleaning and hygiene. The simpler the molecules, the easier they are degraded by bacteria. The inverse, "8-in-1," complex products are extremely difficult to reduce, and they pollute the environment. Whether collective sanitation or not, it is important to reaffirm that discarded sink water and the flush of the toilet are not to be the trash of the natural habitat. Whether used oils, paints, solvents, hydrocarbons (petroleum products), medicine, cleaning products...all involve serious risks for the environment, as they are addressed very little or not at all by major sanitation systems, whatever they may be. We must take responsibility for these products, specifically concerning the waste they leave and the risk of finding them in nature. Sanitation is not a waste bin! in nature. Sanitation is not a waste bin!
- The ministerial approvals do not different … The ministerial approvals do not differentiate dry and wet types of toilets, so the filters are of the same dimensions regardless of the toilet system being used. Evidently, water that is free of excrement contains considerably fewer parasites. Likewise, using simplified cleaning and hygiene products that don't impact the environment is within all of our reach. The use of dry or composting toilets can significantly decrease the consumption of potable water and significantly increase the production of compost, if there is an identified need for it.d significantly increase the production of compost, if there is an identified need for it. +
- The plants present in the vertical filter … The plants present in the vertical filter need to be very hardy and resistant to great variances in temperature between the summer and winter and times of overflow and times of stillness; equally, it must withstand contact with water full of organic matter. The common reed (Phragmites australis), not to be confused with the cattail, is the plant most commonly used in the vertical filter. The density of planting should be 6 plants/m². One could just as well plant Sweet flag, Marsh Marigold, Pickerel Weed, Brooklime, Lakeshore Bulrush, Broadleaf Cattail.ime, Lakeshore Bulrush, Broadleaf Cattail. +
- While many planted filter solutions exist, … While many planted filter solutions exist, the filter proposed in this tutorial is the solution most used in collective water sanitation, customized to an "individual format." It is composed of two filters having two different roles: first a vertical filter, then a horizontal filter. ====Filtre vertical==== The vertical-flow filter (VF), which receives the polluted wastewater, is made up of two parallel beds, utilized alternately. The sand on the surface of the filter facilitates the passage of water while blocking the larger particles. The water percolates across the gravel and is collected by a drain at the bottom of the filter, spending between 4 and 8 hours in this first stage. The environment not being flooded with water makes it rich in oxygen, which stimulates the aerobic bacterial activity necessary for the mineralization of the organic particles. Mineralization is a result of complex chemical reactions based on the principle of oxidation of organic compounds. It is this mineralization process that allows the transformation of an element from being non-assimilable by plants to assimilable. The simplification of of the reactions looks like: Norg => NH4+ => NO2- => NO3-. The vertical filter measures 60 to 80 cm deep and has a surface area of 2m²/PE. ====Filtre horizontal==== The horizontal-flow filter (HF) collects the filtered wastewater following the vertical filter. The horizontal filter works "loaded up," meaning, the substrate is nearly always saturated in water. In absence of oxygen, anaerobic bacteria denitrify, or remove the nitrogen, from the water: they collect the oxygen they need from the molecules of nitrates, which then go on to transform into dinitrogen: N03- => N2O => N2 The horizontal-flow filter measures 2m²/PE for a depth of 60cm. In order for the sanitation to be entirely self-sufficient and to consume no energy, we use gravity to power the two filters. The top of the vertical filter, then, must be lower than the point of collection of wastewater from the house. Likewise, the top of the horizontal filter must be lower than the bottom of the vertical filter. The installation will therefore probably take place on the lowest part of the garden. If this is not possible due to flat terrain, a condensate pump can be installed between the point of collection and the vertical filter, the latter being above ground and the horizontal filter respectively being underground. The filters must be installed at least 3 meters away from trees, as their roots may risk puncturing the waterproof linings.he horizontal filter respectively being underground. The filters must be installed at least 3 meters away from trees, as their roots may risk puncturing the waterproof linings.
- You can download an educational sheet created by the Low-tech Lab for the exhibition "In Search of a Sustainable Habitat" in the "Files" part of the tutorial (tab in the "Tools-Materials" section) +
Français
English
Deutsch
Español
Italiano
Português