Panneau solaire à orientation autonome - LE TOURNESOL/en : Différence entre versions

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Version du 30 juillet 2024 à 14:03

Prototype de avatarLow-tech with Refugees - Low-tech & Réfugiés | Catégories : Énergie

"The Sunflower" ⚡🌻 Inspired by the concept of the sunflower, which changes direction according to the position of the sun. This project is a precursor to a larger project. The idea of this project is to maximise exposure to the sun by changing the direction and inclination of the solar panels according to the position of the sun. This is done using programmable servomotors controlled by a microprocessor.

Licence : Attribution (CC BY)

Introduction

This project is divided into 3 parts: mechanics (the most difficult), programming and electronics.


  • The mechanic part : 🔧

First of all, we made a sketch of the mechanism for this project, then we used CATIA V5 to design the 23 parts of the project. We then used PrusaSlicer to 3D print them using PLA filaments. This is the most difficult part, because we need to know exactly how the mechanism will work. So we bought 8 solar panels, 2 servomotors and rechargeable batteries. Finally, we put it all together.


  • The electronic part : 🔌

We used rechargeable batteries of 1.5 V each, connected in series to give 12 volts. We then connected these batteries in parallel to the solar panels, of which there are 8, which also gives us 12 volts. In addition, 4 of the batteries power the STM32 microprocessor, and from the STM32 we power the servomotors.


  • The programming part : 💻


After studying the chronology of sunset and sunrise in Brest over 365 days, we obtained the time difference between them (in minutes) and noted the variation in sunset and sunrise times throughout the year. For example, we found that the duration of sunshine increases each day until the 173rd day, then decreases until the end of the year, each day increasing/decreasing by 2.7 minutes.

In addition, the servomotor that controls the rotation of the solar panel supports changes direction every day from 0 to 180 degrees. However, the servomotor that controls the tilt follows the movement of the sun, depending on the year.

Étape 1 - 1️⃣ Sketch

✏️ In the first stage: Sketch


we drew a sketch to visualise the mechanism so that we could start with a more finished form.



Étape 2 - 2️⃣ Drawing Catia

🖥️In the second stage: drawing the parts on CATIA V5.


Based on the first part, we started drawing all the parts for the assembly.

Notes et références

👍 Le mécanisme fonctionne bien.

👎 Nous n'avons pas eu suffisamment de temps pour travailler plus de temps sur la partie programmation et électronique.


Ce projet est considéré comme un projet "low-tech" car il vise à utiliser des technologies simples, accessibles et durables pour résoudre des problèmes spécifiques, en l'occurrence maximiser l'efficacité énergétique des panneaux solaires. Le terme "low-tech" fait référence à des solutions qui sont souvent moins coûteuses, plus faciles à réparer et à maintenir, et qui réduisent la dépendance aux technologies complexes et coûteuses. Ce projet s'appuie sur des principes mécaniques et des technologies éprouvées, comme les servomoteurs et les panneaux solaires, combinés d'une manière innovante pour suivre la position du soleil, similaire au comportement naturel du tournesol. Cette approche favorise la durabilité, l'efficacité des ressources et l'accessibilité, en ligne avec les principes de la low-technologie.

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