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Il assure le lavage grâce à 4 qualités : | Il assure le lavage grâce à 4 qualités : |
Tutorial de Low-tech Lab | Catégories : Hygiène
Making soap using banana tree ashes and animal fat
Making soap using banana tree ashes and animal fat
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On the outskirts of Antananarivo, capital of Madagascar, the Andralanitra landfill covers some 20 hectares and receives between 350 and 550 tons of waste every day. More than 3000 ragpickers work there daily, sorting, recovering and recycling waste. Among them, two inhabitants of the neighbouring district, Chris and Aimé, launched a few years ago the production of a "Gasy" soap (made in Madagascar) based on organic waste recovered from the landfill and animal fat. They have created a small business around the sale of their soap, and after a few years of activity they produce and sell nearly 3000 a week. They have even exported their activity into the bush, where hygiene problems and access to this type of product are very difficult.
Their business is quite successful and has advantages that can't be ignored: with 1kg of animal fat, bought for 1200 Ariary (0.33€), they produce around 30 soaps which they sell for 200 Ariary apiece. The plant matter used in the making of the soap as well as the fuel used for the preparation heating are salvaged from the waste, which does not yield any extra cost.
This tutorial details the making of Gasy soap according to Chris and Aimé's method.
It is obvious that this kind of remedy contrasts with European hygiene standards, but as stated above, certain disadvantaged areas of Madagascar do not have any access to cleanliness. What's more, Chris and Aimé remind us by this that it is very easy to make your own soap using these traditional methods, with results as good as commercial soap.
A soap is normally composed of a fatty acid (here animal fat) and a basic agent (high pH) such as soda or potash (here made from ash). These two compounds create a saponification reaction that creates soap.
The Chemical Process
Saponification is the reaction of a fatty substance with hydroxide ions (provided by an alkali such as potash or soda) to give a carboxylate ion (soap) and glycerol (also called glycerin).
Soaps are therefore mixtures of carboxylate ions and metal cations (sodium or potassium ions). The carboxylate ion is a surface-active agent that lowers the surface tension of water: it is a detergent.
Il assure le lavage grâce à 4 qualités :
Pour tester la concentration de notre lessive, on peut utiliser une technique très simple : tremper une plume de poulet dans la lessive, si celle-ci commence à se dissoudre, la lessive a la bonne concentration.
Attention : la lessive de cendre est une solution très basique et donc très corrosive, à manipuler avec précaution: Si possible gants et lunettes
La graisse doit d'abord être débarrassée de toute impureté. Pour cela on la fait chauffer jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit bien fondue. Les impuretés se déposent par décantation au fond. En refroidissant, la graisse pure forme une croûte solide sur le dessus.
Après ébullition, deux solutions s'offrent à nous :
Ce tutoriel est inspiré du travail de Chris et Aimé, originaires d'Antananarivo à Madagascar.
N'hésitez pas à commenter, partager, et agrémenter le tutoriel d'informations utiles à son amélioration.
L’équipe du Low-Tech Lab vous invite également à consulter sa Biblilowtech.
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