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The Chemical Process | The Chemical Process |
Tutorial de Low-tech Lab | Catégories : Hygiène
Making soap using banana tree ashes and animal fat
Making soap using banana tree ashes and animal fat
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On the outskirts of Antananarivo, the capital of Madagascar, the Andralanitra dumpsite covers some 20 hectares of land and receives between 350 and 550 tonnes of garbage each day. More than 3000 "ragpickers" work there daily, carefully picking through, salvaging, and recycling the trash. Many years ago, two inhabitants from the neighbouring village, Chris and Aimé, began producing the soap "Gasy" (made in Madagascar) from organic waste salvaged from the landfill and from animal fat. They created a small business around the sale of their soap, and after a few years of business they were producing and selling close to 3000 each week. They even brought their business to the bush, where hygiene issues and access to this type of product are very difficult.
Their business is quite successful and has advantages that can't be ignored: with 1kg of animal fat, bought for 1200 Ariary (0.33€), they produce around 30 soaps which they sell for 200 Ariary apiece. The plant matter used in the making of the soap as well as the fuel used for the preparation heating are salvaged from the waste, which does not yield any extra cost.
This tutorial details the making of Gasy soap according to Chris and Aimé's method.
It is obvious that this kind of remedy contrasts with European hygiene standards, but as stated above, certain disadvantaged areas of Madagascar do not have any access to cleanliness. What's more, Chris and Aimé remind us by this that it is very easy to make your own soap using these traditional methods, with results as good as commercial soap.
Soap is normally made of an acidic fat (here animals fat) and a base (with a high pH) such as
The Chemical Process
La saponification est la réaction d'un corps gras avec des ions hydroxydes (apportés par un alcali tel que la potasse ou la soude) pour donner un ion carboxylate (le savon) et du glycérol (aussi appelé glycérine).
Les savons sont donc des mélanges d'ions carboxylates et de cations métalliques (ions sodium ou potassium). L'ion carboxylate est un agent tensio-actif qui abaisse la tension superficielle de l'eau : c'est un détergent.
Il assure le lavage grâce à 4 qualités :
Pour tester la concentration de notre lessive, on peut utiliser une technique très simple : tremper une plume de poulet dans la lessive, si celle-ci commence à se dissoudre, la lessive a la bonne concentration.
Attention : la lessive de cendre est une solution très basique et donc très corrosive, à manipuler avec précaution: Si possible gants et lunettes
La graisse doit d'abord être débarrassée de toute impureté. Pour cela on la fait chauffer jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit bien fondue. Les impuretés se déposent par décantation au fond. En refroidissant, la graisse pure forme une croûte solide sur le dessus.
Après ébullition, deux solutions s'offrent à nous :
Ce tutoriel est inspiré du travail de Chris et Aimé, originaires d'Antananarivo à Madagascar.
N'hésitez pas à commenter, partager, et agrémenter le tutoriel d'informations utiles à son amélioration.
L’équipe du Low-Tech Lab vous invite également à consulter sa Biblilowtech.
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